Kungani ama-electrodes we-graphite adinga ukushintshwa njalo emasakeni e-arc?

Ama-electrodes we-graphite amaqhawe angapheli ngaphakathi kwama-arc ama-arc ajulile (EAFS) kanye nezintokazi (LFS). Baphatha amanani amakhulu kagesi wokuncibilikisa insimbi yensimbi noma yensimbi ehlanzekile. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinto ezibalulekile azihlali kuze kube phakade. Ukuqonda ukuthi kunganiI-Graphite electrodes Disse Ukushintshwa njaloukhiye wokugcina uphumeleleimbuthuma ukuhlinza, iqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, nokuphatha izindleko zokusebenza ngempumelelo. Le ndatshana ishonile ijule ngezizathu ngemuvaI-electrode ukudliwa, izici ezinomthelela, futhi kungani ngesikhathiukubeka endaweniakuwona nje umsebenzi wokulungisa, kepha isidingo samasu sanoma ngubani osebenzaI-ARC RICACES, ikakhulukazi ochwepheshe njengoMark Thompson e-USA abathembela ekutholeni ikhwalithi ephezului-graphiteImikhiqizo yama-Steel Mills nabasekeli. Thola Ukuphatha Kanjani KwakhoI-Graphite ElectrodeI-Lifecycle ithinta umugqa wakho ophansi.

1. Ithini ngempela i-graphite electrode nendima yayo esithandweni somlilo?

A I-Graphite ElectrodeEmpeleni kuyinto enkulu, induku ye-cylindrical eyenziwe ngokuyinhloko esuka ePetroleum Petroleum Coke ephezulu, inaliti Coke, ne-Coal Tar Pitch Bit. Lezi zinto zokwenziwa zixubekile, zibunjiwe, zibhakwe, ziboshwe, zibhakwe futhi, futhi ekugcineni ziveziwe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kakhulu (cishe ngo-3000 ° C). Le nqubo inikaI-electrodeIzakhiwo zayo ezihlukile nezibalulekile: Kuhle kakhuluukuqina kukagesi, okuphezulu okushisayoUkumelana Nenkantolo, kanye nekhono lokumelana neukushisa okukhulungaphakathi aUgesi we-arc kagesi. Okuyisisekelo kwabosebenzaukwenza njenge-thelelayokhaliindlela, ethwele ugesi omkhuluamandlakusuka kumthombo wamandla phansi ungene kuimbuthuma.

Ngaphakathi kwe-imbuthuma, ithiphu leI-electrodekudala okunamandlai-arc kagesiNgokwenkokhiso yensimbi (isikhafuinsimbinoma okunyeinsimbi yanama ini) noma okuncibilikisiweinsimbi yanama iniukugeza. Lelii-arc kagesikwakha okungakholekiukushisa- Imvamisa idlula i-3,000 ° C (5,400 ° F) - okudingekancibilikisaicala eliqinile noma-mbethelwebese ucwengeuketshezi insimbi yanama ini. Cabanga ngakho njengenduku enkulu, enamandla amakhulu we-welding enzelwe ukuncibilika amathani weinsimbi yanama ini. Ngaphandle kwalokhuAma-electrodes kanye ne-graphiteizakhi, theUgesi we-arc kagesiumane nje akakwazangahlinzanoma finyelelaizinga lokushisa nokubandaokudingekayo ukwenza ama-siblemaking kanye nezinye izinqubo zensimbi. Babalulekile kuukuhlinza.

Ukukhethwa kwei-graphitenjenge-into uqobo lwayongamabomu.I-graphiteigcina amandla ayoamazinga okushisa aphezulu, yenza ugesi kahle (ephansiinkani), futhi iziphatha ngokusheshaizinga lokushisa nokubandaIzinguquko (okushisayoshoka) ngaphandle kokuphuka kalula. Amabanga ahlukene akhona, njengamandla ajwayelekile (RP), amandla aphezulu (i-HP), kanye namandla e-Ultra-High (UHP), ahambisana nezimfuno ezithile namazinga wamandla ahlukileimbuthumaizinhlobo. AI-Eltra-High Power Graphite Electrodeyenzelwe ukufunwa kakhuluI-ARC RICACES, ukunikela okuphansiUkumelana Kagesikanye namandla aphezulu aphethe njengamanje ukukhulisa ukuncibilikaikhono lokwenza.

2. Iqiniso elingenakugwenywa: Kungani ukusetshenziswa kwe-elekthroni ye-elekthroni kwenzeka?

Naphezu kokuqina kwabo,ama-electrodes we-graphiteyizinto ezisebenzisekayo. Bonakumele ithathelwe indawongezikhathi ezithile ngoba kancane kancane iba mfushane futhi incane ngesikhathiimbuthuma ukuhlinza. Leliukudliwakungumphumela ongenakugwemeka wendawo enokhahlo abasebenza kuyo. Ubukhuluukushisayei-arc kagesi, theokuthakiweyoukusabela ngamagesi kanye ne-slag ngaphakathi kweimbuthuma, kanye nokucindezela ngokomzimba konke kufaka isandla ekugqokeni kancane kancanei-graphite into uqobo lwayo. Akuyona indaba yenxaaI-electrodekuzodliwa, kephaninina-Kushesha kangakanani.

Ukuqonda lokhoukudliwakungokwemvelo kubalulekile ekuhleleni nasekwesandleni. Izama ukunweba impilo yeI-electrodengaphezu kwendawo yayo efanelekile empeleniukukhulaizindleko zizonke zincishisiweikhono lokwenza, ukulimala okungenzeka kwemishini, nekhwalithi ephansiinsimbi yanama iniukukhiqiza. Le khasiukulahlekelwaiwa-i-graphitekwenzeka ikakhulukazi ngezindlela ezimbili: ithiphuukudliwa(Sublimation futhiukuphendulae-arc) kanye ne-sidewallukudliwa(oxidation). Sizokuhlola ngemininingwane eminingi ngokulandelayo.

Ukhiye u-Takeaway ukuthiI-Graphite Electrode ukudliwaiyingxenye evamile yeUgesi we-arc kagesiinqubo. Izinto ezifana nekhwalithi yeI-electrodeuqobo,imbuthumaamapharamitha okusebenza (amandla kagesi, okwamanje), uhlobo lweinsimbikukhiqizwa, futhi ikhono labasebenza bonke abadlala indima yokuthi ashelele kangakananiI-electrodekusetshenziswa. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlelaUkushintshwa njaloibalulekile ukuze iqhubeke futhi isebenze kahleukuhlinza.

3. Ama-electrodes aguga kanjani? Ukudiliza izindlela zokulahlekelwa nge-electrode.

I-Graphite Electrode ukudliwaakuyona inqubo eyodwa kepha inhlanganisela yezici ezisebenza ngokubambisanaimbuthumaimvelo. Ukuqonda lezi zinqubo kuyasiza ekuboneni izindlela zokuba kungenzekanciphisaIzinga leukulahlekelwa.

• Ukusetshenziswa kwethip (Sublimation & Reary):Ithiphu ye-I-electrode, laphoi-arc kagesiAmafomu, amava izimo ezimbi kakhulu.

  • Ukuhlukaniswa:E-Arc's Maslyamazinga okushisa aphezulu(Ukufinyelela ngaphezulu kuka-3000 ° C), okuqinilei-graphite-ncibilikisa; Ijika ngqo kugesi (ama-sublimates). Lokhu kungcoliswa okuqhubekayo kudla kancane atI-electrodeuthiphuubude.
  • Ukusabela Kwamakhemikhali:Ubuqiliukushisafuthi kukhuthazaokuthakiweyoukusabela phakathi kweikhabhonikui-graphitekanye nezinto esibalekeni noma kuncibilikisiweinsimbi yanama iniukugeza. Lokhu kwakha amagesi anjenge-carbon monoxide, kuqeda u-I-electrodeIthiphu.

• Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Sidewall (oxidation):Izinhlangothi zeI-electrodeIkholomu edluliselwe ngaphezulu kokugeza okubilisiwe kuvezwa okushisayoimbuthumaumkhathi, oquketheumoya ohlanzekile(kusuka ku-Ingress noma ukuphendula kwenqubo).

  • I-Oxidation:E-amazinga okushisa aphezulu, theikhabhonikui-graphiteuhlangana kalula neumoya ohlanzekileukwakhaikhabhoniI-Dioxide (CO2) neCarbon Monoxide (co). Lokhu "kushisa" kudei-graphitekusuka ezinhlangothini, kunciphisaI-electrodeUbubanzi obukhulu. Lokhu kuvame ukuba-khuluingxenye yeukusetshenziswa kwe-electrode, kwesinye isikhathi kubangelwa ngaphezulu kwama-50% wenani elipheleleukulahlekelwa. Izinga le-oxidation livameukukhulakakhulu ngokuphakemeizinga lokushisa nokubandafuthi okukhuluumoya ohlanzekileukutholakala.

• Ukuqhekeka nokuchitheka:Ngenkathi kuqhubeka kancane kune-tip ne-sidewallukudliwa, ukulimala ngokomzimba kungadala okubalulekile futhi kungazelelweukulahleka kwe-electrode.

  • Ukushaqeka kwe-Thermal:Ukushisa okusheshayo noma okupholisa imijikelezo, ikakhulukazi lapho amandla ecishiwe / acishiwe ngokushesha noma lapho epholile scrapinsimbi yanama iniIngenathintanange-hotI-electrode, kungadala ukucindezelwa okushisayo, okuholele emifungoshini noma izingcezu ziqhekeke (kuchichima). I-Thermal ephezuluUkumelana Nenkantoloisici sekhwalithi esemqoka.
  • Ukucindezela Kwemishini:Ukuphathwa kabi ngesikhathiukufakanomaukubeka endaweni, Skrop Cave-ins ngaphakathiimbuthumaukushaya i-I-electrode, noma ukudlidliza ngokweqile kungakwaziholaukwephula. Kwesinye isikhathi, ukuhlangana okungalungile (ukuxhuma aelectrode entshaIngxenye) ingadala amaphuzu abuthakathaka.
  • Imifantu engaphezulu:Imifantu emincane engaphezulu, ngokuqhamuka ekukhiqizeni noma ekuphatheni, ingasabalalisa ngaphansi kwengcindezi futhiukushisa, ekugcineni kubangela ukuqhekeka okukhulu nomaukuqhekeka.

Ukuphathaukusetshenziswa kwe-electrodekubandakanya ukubhekana nazo zonke lezi zinto, kusuka ekusebenziseni okuphezuluI-electrodesngokuhleUkumelana NenkantoloUkwenza kahleimbuthumaimikhuba kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuphatha ngokucophelela futhiukufaka.

4. Iziphi izinto ezibalulekile ezithonya izinga lokusetshenziswa kwe-electrode?

Izinga lapho aI-Graphite Electrodekudliwa akulungisiwe; Kuyahlukahluka ngokususelwa ezintweni ezimbalwa ezixhumenelekile. Ukuqonda lokhu kungabaUsizoAbaphangi kanye nabaphathi bokuthengwa kwempahla okufana noMark benza izinqumo ezinolwazi.

• Ikhwalithi ye-Electrode:Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu.

  • Ukuhlanzeka kwezinto ezibonakalayo nesakhiwo: I-electrodesyenziwe kusuka kunani eliphakeme letinali ngesakhiwo esifanayo ngokuvamile seliphansiUkumelana Kagesikanye ne-Thermal engconoUkumelana Nenkantolo, okuholela ephansiukudliwa. Ukungcola kungakwaziukukhula inkaninokususwa kwe-oxidation. Lokhu yingakho ukuthamba kusuka kudumoIfektri ye-electrode ye-professional graphiteUkulandela amazinga aphesheya kubalulekile.
  • Ubuningi:Ubuningi obuphakeme buvame ukusho ukumelana okungcono kwi-oxidation.
  • Ukuqina kwemishini:Imicu emiswe kabi kuI-electrodekanye nokuxhuma ingono canholaukukhulula amalunga, ugesi ophakemeinkaniAtthintanaKhomba, ukugcwala ngokweqile, nokuqhekeka okungenzeka.

• Amapharamitha Wokusebenza Wokusebenza:Kanjaniimbuthumaisebenza ngqo imithelelaI-electrodeImpilo.

  • Density yamanje: voltage:Imithwalo kagesi ephakeme (ikakhulukazi inceku yamanje)ukukhulaIthiphu Sublimation futhi iyonkeizinga lokushisa nokubanda, ukusheshisaukudliwa. Isebenza ku-hle kakhulu amandla kagesinephrofayili yamanje yesigaba esithilencibilikisaukhiye.
  • Ubude be-ARC nokuqina:Isitezi, isikhathi eside esifanelei-arc kagesiisebenza kahle futhi ilimaza kancane kune-arc eguquguqukayo eguquguqukayo eguquguqukayo emfushane.ukukhula ukushisaDlulisela ezindlini eziseceleni futhiukukhula ukudliwa.
  • Ukusetshenziswa komoya-mpilo:Imikhuba efana nokulayishwa komoya-mpilo (ukujovaumoya ohlanzekileukusheshisa ukuncibilika noma ukucwengeka) kakhuluukukhulaimvelo ye-oxidative, ukusheshisa eceleniukudliwa. Ukulawula ngokucophelela kuyadingeka.
  • Isikhathi-ngesikhathi:Kalula nje, isikhathi esideimbuthumaisebenza ngaphansi kwamandla, isikhathi esithe xaxaI-electrodeichitha idliwe. I-Times esebenza kahle kampompi (isikhathi somjikelezo sonke se-batch eyodwa yeinsimbi) Usizo nciphisa-wokwandaukudliwangethani leinsimbi.

• Izimo Nemvelo Yesithando Nemvelo:

  • Ikhwalithi ye-Scrap nokushaja:Isikhafu esikhanyayo kakhulu noma esisatshalaliswa kahleholaUkungazinzi kwe-arc kanye nama-flare-ups ashaya iI-electrodeizinhlangothi. Isikali esindayo siwela ngokungazelelwe singadala ukuqhekeka kwemishini.
  • Ukuzijwayeza kweSlag:Ukwakheka kanye nokwehla kwe-slag ungqimba emboze incishisiweinsimbi yanama ini-ithinithinta ukushisaimisebe kuya kuI-electrodeimigwaqo eseceleni. Isilayidi esihle samagwebu singavikelaI-electrodena-nciphisaoxidation futhiukushisa ukulahlekelwa.
  • Uhlelo lwe-Extraction System:Uhlelo olusebenzayo lwe-funde lusiza ukulawula iimbuthumaumkhathi kodwa futhi ungadweba ngomoya omningi (umoya ohlanzekile), oxidation ongaba khona uma ungalingani kahle.
  • Ukuvuza kwamanzi:Amanzi avuza kuimbuthuma(e.g., kusuka kumaphaneli wokupholisa) angaphendula ngobudlova futhiukukhulaamandla oxdizing womkhathi, alimaze i-I-electrode.

Ngokucabanga ngokucophelela lezi zinto, abenzi be-steel bangasebenzela ukwenza ngcono izinqubo zabo ukuzenciphisa-ngaswelekileukusetshenziswa kwe-electrodenezindleko eziphansi zokusebenza. Lokhu kuvame ukubandakanya inhlanganisela yokusebenzisa ikhwalithi efaneleI-electrodeNgomsebenzi nokuhleleka okuhleimbuthumaimikhuba.

I-5. Imikhuba yokusebenza ingakuthinta kakhulu ukulahleka kwe-elektrode?

Impela. LaphoI-electrodeIkhwalithi isetha isisekelo sokusebenza okungenzeka, imikhuba yokusebenza yansuku zonke ngaphakathi kwesitshalo sensimbi noma i-safery inomthelela omkhulu kwangempelaI-Graphite Electrode ukudliwakanyeubuningi bokwenzekaiwa-ukubeka endaweni. Imininingwane ebonakala incane yokuthi kanjaniimbuthumaiyasebenza nokuthi kanjaniI-electrodesazingathwa angangeza kuze kube phakade umehluko omkhulu ngaphakathiI-electrodeImpilo ne-Sellikhono lokwenza. Imikhuba engeyinhle inganciphisa kalula izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-premiumI-electrode, okuholela ezindlekweni eziphakeme kanye nokuphazamiseka kokukhiqiza okungaba khona.

Cabanga nge-umbuthanona-ukufakainqubo. UkujoyinaI-electrodeIzingxenye zidinga ukunemba nokunakekelwa.

• Ukuhlanzeka: Qinisekisa ukuthi i-electrodeamasoke kanye nemicu yengono aphelelehlanzangaphambi kokujoyina. Ukungcola noma imfucumfucu kungavimbela efanelethintana, okuholela phezuluinkaninokushisa ngokweqile ekuhlanganiseni, ngokunokwenzeka okubangela ukuba kukhululeke,ukuqhekeka, noma wehluleke ngesikhathiukuhlinza.
• Torque:Kusebenzisa i-torque efanelekile yokuqinisa usebenzisa i-torque wall grown kubalulekile. Ukuqina ngaphansi kokuholela kugesi ompofuthintananokushisa ngokweqile. Ukuqinisa ngokweqile kungacindezelai-graphitefuthi kubangele isokhethi noma ingonointanjanakwa-ukuqhekekanoma strip, okuholela ekuhlulekeni okuhlanganayo. Ukulandela imininingwane yomkhiqizi kuqinileokudingekayo.
• Ukuqondanisa:Ukuqinisekisaphezulu nangaphansi I-electrodeizingxenye zihambisana ngokuphelele ngesikhathiumbuthanokuvimbela ukucindezela okungafanele kokuhlanganiswa ngesikhathiukuhlinza.

Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuncibilika uqobo, izenzo ze-opharetha ziyinhloko:

• Umthethonqubo we-ARC:Opharetha abanamakhono basebenzisaimbuthumaIzilawuli ku-gcina esimeniisitebhisii-arc kagesi, ukulungisaI-electrodeIsikhundla,amandla kagesi, futhi okwamanje kuze kube kuyo kulo lonkencibilikisaumjikelezo. Ukugwema ama-arcs amade ngokweqile (akhanya kakhuluukushisaemaceleni) noma ama-arcs amafushane (angadala ukuthi amanje athola) kusiza ukunciphisaukudliwa.
• Ukushaja kwe-Scraff:Ukulayisha ngokucophelela kwesikhafuinsimbi yanama iniUkugwema imithelela esindayo kuI-electrodeskuvimbela ukwehla kwemishini. Inkokhelo esatshalaliswa kahle ikhuthaza ukuncibilika okuzinzile.
• Ukuzijwayeza kwe-Foamy Slag:Ukugcina ungqimba oluhle, olujulile lwe-Foamy Slag ShieldsI-electrodeskusuka emisebeni ye-arc futhiumoya ohlanzekile, ukunciphisa kakhulu zombili lezi ziphuphu kanye ne-sidewallukudliwa. Lokhu kudinga ukulawula ngokucophelela kokungezwa kwe-slag.
• Izinhlelo zamandla:Isebenzisa amaphrofayili wamandla we-optised ahambelana nesigaba sokuncibilika (e.g., isidina, ukuncibilika, ukucwengeka) kuqinisekisa kahleamandlaSebenzisa futhi uvikele ukucindezelwa okungadingekile ku-I-electrodes. Izinguquko zamandla asheshayo kufanele zincishiswe ukuzenciphisaimpambashoka.
• Isondlo:-Njaloukuhlalisaiwa-I-electrodeabanikazi, ama-clamp, kanye nesistimu yokubeka izikhundla kuqinisekisa ugesi omuhlethintananokulawulwa okuqondile, ukunciphisaukusetshenziswa kwamandlanokuvimbela izinkinga. Ukuvuza kwamanzi kumele kubhekwane nakho ngokushesha.

Lezi zibonelo zibonisa ukuthi uyaqikelelaukuhlinzana-ukuhlalisaakuzona okungeziwe okungeziwe kodwa imikhuba ebalulekile yokulawulaukusetshenziswa kwe-electrode. Ukutshala imali ekuqeqeshweni komqhubi kanye nokunamathela emisebenzini engcono kakhulu kungabiza kakhulunciphisale khasiinani lesikhathiaI-electrodeuhlala futhi wehlise izindleko zizonke ngethani ngalinye leinsimbikukhiqizwa.

6 Isici esisebenzayo.

UkucabangaI-Graphite Electrode ukubeka endawenikuphela njengendlela ejwayelekileukuhlalisaumsebenzi uphuthelwa isithombe esikhulu. Ngesikhathi futhi kufanelekileukubeka endawenikuxhunyaniswe ngokuyisisekelo ku-jikeleleikhono lokwenza, ukukhiqiza, kanye nenzuzo yeUgesi we-arc kagesi ukuhlinza. Ukubambezelekaukubeka endaweninoma ukusebenzisa iI-electrodeEsedlule isikhathi sayo esifanelekile sokuphila kwayo kungahle kubonakale njengokugcina imali ngesikhathi esifushane, kepha kuvame ukuholela ezindlekweni ezinkulu futhi kungasebenzi kahle emgqeni.Ukushintshwa njaloyisinqumo samasu esithinta izici eziningi zokukhiqiza.

Okokuqala,ikhono lokwenzahinges on theI-electrodeAmandla okwenza ugesi nge-minimalukulahlekelwa. Njenge-I-electrodeGqoka phansi, ububanzi bayo buyancipha, futhi ukwakheka kwalo kwe-tip kungaba sunoptimal. OmncaneI-electrodeiphakemeUkumelana Kagesi, okusho okuningiamandlaulahlekile njengobaukushisangaphakathi kwe-I-electrodeuqobo kunokuba athunyelwe ngempumelelo kuncibilikisa. Leliukukhulaphakathi kwa-inkaniingaphoqaimbuthumaukudweba amandla amaningi ukufeza izinga elifanayo lokuncibilika, okuholela phezuluukusetshenziswa kwamandlangethani leinsimbi. Ukufaka esikhundleniI-electrodeIqinisekisa ukuthi umjikelezo kagesi uhlala usebenza kahle.

Okwesibili,I-electrodeisimo sithinta ngqo ukuqina kwe-arc futhiukushisaDlulisa. Okugqokwa noma okulimeleI-electrodeIthiphu ingaholela ekungazinzile noma okuhlanekezelwei-arc kagesi. Lokhu kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kweukushisaDlulisela kuinsimbi yanama iniukugeza futhi kungakhuphukaukushisa ukulahlekelwaezindongeni zothando nophahla, okulimazayo okulimazayo. I-arc engazinzile nayo yenza inqubo yokulawula inzima kakhulu. Ukufaka aelectrode entshaIsigaba sibuyisela i-geometry efanelekile ye-arc ezinzile, egxile egxile, eqinisekisa-qeqeshekaukuncibilika nokucwengisisa.

Okwesithathu, ukubambezelaukubeka endawenikwandisa ingozi yeI-electrodeukuqhekeka. Igqoke kakhulu noma iqhekekeI-electrodekungenzeka ukuthi yehluleke ngokwehluleka ngesikhathi sokusebenza. AI-electrodeikhefu lingadala isikhathi sokuphumula esiphambiliIsusa ama-elektrodeizingcezu ezivela ku-imbuthuma, ukulimala okungenzeka kuimbuthumauqobo,ukonakalisayeinsimbiukugeza ngezingcezu ezinkulu zeikhabhoni, nezingozi zokuphepha. Izindleko zokukhiqizwa okulahlekile kanye nokulungiswa okungaba khona kudlula kude izindleko zesikhathiukubeka endaweni. Ukushintshwa njaloNgokusekelwe ekuqapheleni isimo kanye namashejuli ahleliwe kusiza ukuvikela lezi zigameko ezibizayo. Ngakho-ke, ukusungula kucacileukubeka endaweni into eqinilekususelwa ekugqokeni nasekusebenzeni kwedatha kubalulekilegcina esimeniukukhiqizwa okungaguquki.

7. Yiziphi izimpawu zokuxoxa ukuthi i-graphite electrode idinga ukushintshwa?

Opharetha kanye nabasebenzi besondlo kudingeka baphaphamele ekuqapheleni isimo seama-electrodes we-graphiteukunquma isikhathi esifanele seukubeka endaweni. Ngenkathi kuhlelweukubeka endawenikususelwa ngokwesilinganisoukudliwaamanani ajwayelekile, ukuhlolwa okubukwayo nokubheka amapharamitha okusebenza angaveza izimpawu zokuthiI-electrodeingxenyekumele ithathelwe indawokungekudala ukuzolungisaikhono lokwenzafuthi uvikele ukwehluleka. Ilinde iI-electrodeukwephula akuyona neze isu elifanele.

Nazi ezinye izinkomba ezibalulekile:

• Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-Tip / "Pencing":Ngenkathi ithiphuukudliwakuyinto ejwayelekile, umaI-electrodeIthiphu iqala ukugqoka phansi ibe ngumumo obukhali kakhulu, okhombe kakhulu (njengepensela), kukhombisa imibandela engazinzile ye-arc noma ukusebenza okunolaka ngokweqile. Lesi simo singaholela ekusatshalalisweni okubi kwamanje kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yokuqhekeka. Kungase kusayine isidingo sokubuyekeza izindlela zokusebenza nomabeka endaweniisigaba.
• Ukuncishiswa okukhulu kobubanzi:Ukuncipha okubonakalayo kweI-electrodeIkholomu ngenxa ye-sidewall oxidation inciphisa umthamo wayo wamanje - amandla. Amazinga avame ukuchaza ububanzi obuncane bokusebenza. KanyeI-electrodeIsigaba sisondela kulo mkhawulo,ukubeka endawenikuyadingeka. Ukuqapha ububanzi ngaphezuluisikhathiisiza ukubikezelaukubeka endaweniiphuzu.
• Imifantu ebonakalayo:Noma imiphi imifantu ebonakalayo, kungaba endeudinal (kanye neubude) noma ukuguquguquka (ngaphesheya kwesilinganiso), yizimpawu ezinzima zesexwayiso. Ukuqhekeka kungasakaza ngokushesha ngaphansi kwengcindezi eshisayo neyenziwe ngomshini, okuholela ekwehlulekeni okungazelelwe. Ngisho nemifantu emincane iqinisekisa ukuqapha okusondele, futhi ababalulekile badinga ngokusheshaukubeka endaweni. Impambashokakuyinto evamile.
• Ukulimazeka noma ukulimala komhlaba:Chunks ofi-graphiteelahlekile kungaphandle(Ukuchitheka) Khombisa ukucindezelwa okushisayo noma ukungahambisani kwangaphakathi okungaphakathi. I-Gougeges ejulile evela emithonjeni ye-scrap nayo ingakha amaphuzu okuhlushwa kwengcindezelo. Ukulimala okubalulekile komhlaba kwenza buthakaI-electrodefuthi kudingaukubeka endaweni.
• Ukushisa ngokweqile emalungeni:I-discoloration noma ikhala ngokuhlangana phakathiI-electrodeIzingxenye zibonisa phezuluUkumelana KagesiAtthintanaiphuzu. Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yokuhlanza okungafanele ngesikhathiukufaka, i-torque engalungile, noma imicu eyonakele. Ukuhlanganiswa ngokweqile akusebenzi kahle futhi kube yingozi yokuhluleka; Ukuxhumeka kudingeka kuhlolwe, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi izingxenye ezibandakanyekile zingadingaukubeka endaweni.
• Izitayela zedatha yokusebenza:Ukuqapha izitayela njengokukhulaUkumelana Kagesi, ukungazinzi okungazinzile kwe-arc (kudinga ukungenelela okuvamisile kwe-opharetha), noma ukwanda okungachazwanga kuukusetshenziswa kwamandlaingakhomba ngokungaqondileI-electrodeizingqinamba ezidinga uphenyo kanye nekhonoukubeka endaweni.
• Ukufinyelela ubude obuchaziwe:Ekusebenzeni okuningi,I-electrodesasetshenziswa aze afike esiteshini esinqunyelwe kusengaphambiliubude. Lokhu kuvame ukubekelwa imikhawulo emishini yeI-electrodeumnikazi noma ukuqinisekisa kwaneleubudeuhlala ngokuphatha okuphephile ngesikhathiukubeka endaweni.

Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile, kokubili okubonakalayo nangokunokwenzeka usebenzisa amathuluzi okulinganisa, kuhlangene nokuqaphaimbuthumaIdatha yokusebenza, ibalulekile ukuthola lezi zibonakaliso ngokushesha futhiqinisekisa ukuthi i-electrode ukubeka endawenikwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba kuphakame izinkinga.

8. Kukangaki ukushintshwa kwe-elektrode ngokuvamile kudingeka?

Le khasiubuningi bokwenzekaiwa-I-Graphite Electrode ukubeka endaweni- ngokuqondile, engeza aelectrode entshaIngxenye kuya phezulu kwikholamu njengoba kudla okuphansi - kuyahlukahluka ngokuya ngezinto esixoxe ngazo:imbuthumaThayipha nosayizi, imikhuba yokusebenza,I-electrodeikhwalithi, kanye nohlobo lweinsimbikukhiqizwa. Ayikho i- "One-size-Fixis-Fits-Yonke" impendulo, kepha singakhuluma ngamabanga ajwayelekile nomqondo weukusetshenziswa kwe-electrodeisilinganiso.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-electrodekuvame ukukalwa ngamakhilogremu (kg) noma amakhilogremu (lbs) wei-graphitekudliwe ngethani ngalinye le-metric (noma ithoni elifushane) loketsheziinsimbikukhiqizwa (kg / t noma i-lbs / t). -Fana na-ukudliwaAmanani angasukela:

• I-AC Electric Arc Rempares (EAFS) isebenzisa ama-electrodes e-UHP:I-0.8 kuya ku-2,5 kg / t (1.6 kuye ku-5 lbs / t)
• I-DC Electric Electric ARC Rempaces (imvamisa ukusetshenziswa okuphansi):I-0.6 kuya ku-1.8 kg / t (1.2 kuye ku-3.6 lbs / t)
• I-Ladle Rempaces (LFS) (Amandla aphansi, ukugcwaliswa kokugxila):I-0.2 kuya ku-0.8 kg / t (0.4 kuye ku-1.6 lbs / t)
• Amalangabi amadala noma angaphansi, noma lezo ezincibilikayo ezinzima:Amanani angaba ngaphezulu kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuhumusha kanjaniukubeka endaweni ubuningi bokwenzeka? Ake sicabangele isibonelo:
I-UHP enkuluI-electrodekungenzeka kube ngu-600mm (amasentimitha angama-24) ububanzi kanye ne-2700mm (amasentimitha angama-106) ubude, enesisindo esingu-1600 kg. Uma aimbuthumakukhiqiza amathani ayi-100 weinsimbiUkushisa ngakunye (i-batch) futhi uneukusetshenziswa kwe-electrodeisilinganiso sika-1.5 kg / t, idla ama-150 kg wei-graphiteUkushisa ngakunye (100 t1.5 kg / t).
Ukusebenzisa isisindo sonke esisebenzisekayo sodwaI-electrodeIsigaba (Ake silinganise isisindo esisebenzisekayo esingu-1500 kg), kungathatha cishe izifudumalo eziyi-10 (1500 kg / 150 kg / ukushisa). Umaimbuthumauqeda ukushisa njalo ngehora (isikhathi sokuthepha), aelectrode entshaIsigaba sizodinga ukungezwa cishe kuwo wonke amahora angu-10isigaba ngasinye *. Kusukela ama-EAFS ngokuvamile anamathathuI-electrodeAmakholomu (izigaba), aukubeka endaweni(Engeza isigaba esisha kwelinye lamakholomu) kungenzeka cishe cishe amahora angama-3-4 okusebenza endaweni ethile esithandweni.

Lokhu kubala okwenziwe lula, futhi okungokoqoboukubeka endaweniIsikhathi sincike lapho sicacisiweI-electrodeikholomu ifinyelela iphuzu elidingekayo lokwengeza isigaba esisha (esivame ukunqunywa okuseleubudengaphezulu komnikazi). Amasheduli wesondlo, isikhathi sokuphumula esihleliwe, kanye nemicimbi engaphendulwanga nayo inomthelela nesikhathi esiqondile. Iphuzu eliyisihluthulelo yilokhoukubeka endaweniinqubo eqhubekayo ekusebenzeni kwe-EAF. OpharethangokuqhubekayoqaphaI-electrode ubudebese ufaka izingxenye ezintsha njengoba kudingeka, kaningi kaningi ngosuku, ukuzegcina esimenile khasiukuhlinzayeIsithando sikagesi. Ngakho-ke, ukuba nokunikezwa okuthembekile kwekhwalithi ephezuluI-electrodesNjengalabo abavela ethembeniIfektri ye-Electrode ye-Graphitekubalulekile ukugwema ukuphazamiseka.

9. Yini ehileleke kwinqubo ephephile ye-graphite ye-electrode ye-electrode?

Ukungena esikhundleni aI-Graphite ElectrodeIsigaba - Inqubo yokwengeza aelectrode entshaPhezulu kwikholamu ekhona - inqubo ebalulekile edinga ukunemba, ukunakekelwa, kanye nokunamathela ezinkotsheni zokuphepha. Unikezwe usayizi nesisindo seI-electrodeskanye nemvelo eyingozi yeimbuthuma, ukuphepha kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukusingathwa okungafanele nomaukufakakungaholela ekulimaleni kwemishini, ukungasebenzi kahle kokusebenza (njengokuphakemeinkaniamalunga), noma izingozi ezinkulu. UMark Thompson, ubhekene nekhono kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ungakuthokozela ukubaluleka kwezinqubo ezifanele okuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo wenza njengoba kulindeleke ukuthi kube khonaukufaka.

Inqubo ejwayelekile ifaka izinyathelo eziningana:

1. Ukulungiselela:

   • Le khasielectrode entshaIngxenye, iphelele ngengono exhuma ngaphambi kokuxhunyaniswa (noma ingonto ezilungele ukufakwa), ilethwa ku-imbuthumaindawo esebenzisa imishini yokuphakamisa efanelekile (e.g., ngaphezulu kwe-crane ngebheyili ekhethekile yokuphakamisa efaka leI-electrodeisokhethi).
   • Izindela eziphezulu ze-ekhonaI-electrodeikholomu kuimbuthuma(odingaukubeka endaweni) kuyalungiswa. Amandla acishiwe, kanyeI-electrodeIkholomu livame ukukhuliswa. Noma yisiphi isitebhisi esisele sengono esigabeni esidliwe ngaphambili singadinga ukususwa.
   • Ngokusobala, imicu yesokisi kwikholoji ekhona ye-electrode kanye nemicu ye-ingono (kanye nemicu yesokisi uma ingono ingahlukaniswa) ku-electrode entsha kufanele ihlanzwe kahle.Umoya ocindezelwe ngokuvamile usetshenziselwa ukushaya noma yiluphi uthuli,i-graphiteizinhlayiya, noma imfucumfucu. Ngisho nezinhlayiya ezincane zingaphazamisa ukuzala okufanele futhiukukhula-gesiinkani.

2. Ukujoyina ("Ukungeza" i-Electrode):

   • Le khasielectrode entshaIsigaba siphakanyiswe ngokucophelela futhi sibekwe ngqo ngaphezulu kwekholomu ekhona.
   • Kwehliswa kancane, ukuqinisekisa ukuqondanisa okuqondile okuqondile, ngakho-ke imicu eyi-ingono ihlangana kahle nemicu yesokisi yekholomu engezansi. Ukuqothuka kwentambo kumele kugwenywe ngazo zonke izindleko njengoba kulimazai-graphitefuthi ivimbela ukuxhumana okuphephile.
   • Le khasielectrode entshaijikelezwa (imvamisa) ukuqinisa ukuxhumana.

3. Ukujabulisa:

   • Lapho nje iqinile (noma umshini-snug), uhlelo olukhethekile, olulinganiselwe lweTorque Wrench System ukusebenzisa i-torque eqondile eqondile echazwe yiI-electrodeUmkhiqizi. Lokhu mhlawumbe kuyisinyathelo esibucayi kunazo zonke.
   • I-torque efanele iqinisekisa kahlethintanaingcindezi phakathi kweI-electrodeubuso nengono, ukunciphisaUkumelana Kagesifuthi wandise amandla okuhlangene kokuhlanganiswa. I-torque encane kakhulu iholela ekulahlekelweni ngokweqile nasekukhululeni; i-torque eningi kakhuluukuqhekekale khasiI-electrodeisokhethi noma ingono.

4. Amasheke wokugcina:

   • Ukuhlola okubukwayo kufakazela ukuhlangana kuhlale kahle futhi kuqondaniswe.
   • Imishini yokuphakamisa iyasuswa.
   • Le khasiI-electrodeikholomu ingabe sehliswe emuva esikhundleni, futhiimbuthuma ukuhlinzaingaqala kabusha uma iphephile.

Kuyo yonke le nqubo, abasebenzi kumele basebenzise imishini yokuvikela yomuntu siqu (i-PPE), landela izinqubo zokuphepha ezisunguliwe zokusebenza eduze kweimbuthumanokuphatha imithwalo esindayo, futhi kuqinisekise ukuxhumana okucacile phakathi komsebenzi we-crane kanyeimbuthumaabasebenzi bephansi. Ukuqeqeshwa okufaneleIsusa ama-elektrodeFuthi ukwenza okwengeziwe kubalulekile. Le nqubo yokucophelela iqinisekisaI-electrodeImisebenzi kahle,ukuqina kukagesiiyagcinwa, futhi ingozi yokwehluleka okuhlanganayo ngesikhathi sokufunwa-mbethelweumjikelezo uncishisiwe.

10. Ngaphandle kokubuyiselwa emuva: Ungakwenza kanjani kahle impilo ye-electrode futhi kunciphise ukusetshenziswa?

LaphoUkushintshwa njaloiwa-ama-electrodes we-graphiteayinakugwenywa, abahlinzeki kanye nabaphathi bangasebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene okwenza kahle isikhathi sabo sokuphila futhinciphisaokupheleleukusetshenziswa kwe-electrodeisilinganiso (kg / t). Khandlanisaukudliwaihumusha ngokuqondile kwezindleko eziphansi zokusebenza, zithuthukisiweikhono lokwenza, futhi kunganciphisa umthelela wezemvelo. Lokhu kudinga indlela ephelele, ebheka yonke into kusuka ekuthambezini nasezintweni zothando.

• Umthombo we-electrodes esezingeni eliphakeme:Qala ngakwesokudlainto uqobo lwayo. Ukusebenzisana nomenzi othembekile (njengefektri ye-Allen eChina) ekhiqizaI-electrodes(e.g.,I-electrode ephezulu yamandla we-graphite) Ukuhlangana nokucaciswa kwekhwalithi okungaguquki (okuphansiinkani, Ubuningi obuphakeme, okushisayo okushisayoUkumelana Nenkantolo, ukucacisa mainication) kunikeza isisekelo esingcono sokusebenza. Qinisekisa ukuthi abahlinzeki bahlinzeka ngezitifiketi ezivumelekile (amazinga we-ISO, ama-specs wezinto ezibonakalayo), ukubhekana nokukhathazeka kukaMark ThompsonUkukhwabanisa Kwezitifiketi.

• Lungiselela ukusebenza kwesithando:

  • Izinhlelo zamandla:Thuthukisa futhi usebenzise amaphrofayili we-Power asetshenziselwe ukuxutshwa okuhlanganisiwe kokuxubana okucacisiwe kanye nesigaba sokuncibilika. Gwema ukuncipha okwedlulele kwamanje.
  • Umthethonqubo we-ARC:Qeda opharetha ukuzegcina esimeniAma-ARC azinzile futhi asebenzise ama-othomathili akhawulela ama-Systems ngempumelelo.
  • Ukuzijwayeza kwe-Foamy Slag:Kahle ubuciko bokudala nokugcina ungqimba oluhle lwe-fooamy slag ukuhoxaI-electrodeskusuka emisebeni ye-arc futhiumoya ohlanzekile. Lokhu kuvame ukuguqulwa okusebenzayo okukodwa okusebenzayo kakhulunciphisaI-Sidewall oxidation.
  • Ukulawulwa kwe-oxygen:Nciphisa ukungena komoya kuimbuthumangokubekwa uphawu okusebenzayo. Sebenzisa inquboumoya ohlanzekile(ukulayisha) ngobulungiswa nangendlela efanele.
  • Nciphisa isikhathi sokuvula amandla:Ukuqondisa ukusebenza kuyenciphisaI-Tap-to-Tap Times, okusho okuncaneisikhathile khasiI-electrodesingaphansi kwamandla (nokudla) ngethani ngalinyeinsimbi.

• Thuthukisa ukuphatha nokufakwa:

  • Ukusingathwa ngokucophelela:Sebenzisa amadivaysi okuphakamisa afanele futhi uvikele imithelela ngesikhathi sokuhamba, ukugcinwa, kanyeukufakaukuvikela imifantu nomonakalo. UkugcinaI-electrodesphakathi kuhlanza, indawo eyomile.
  • Ukuhlangana okuhle:Gcizelela ukubaluleka kokuhlanza kahle imicu nezisekelo kanye nesicelo se-torque eqondile ngesikhathiI-electrodeizengezo. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuhlanganainkanifuthi ivimbela ukwehluleka.

• Cabanga ukumbona okuvikelayo:Eminye imisebenzi isebenzisa izimbobo ezikhethekile ze-refractional noma ama-antioxidant theI-electrodeimigwaqo eseceleni. Lezi zimbozo zisebenza njengesithiyo, zehlisa izinga le-oxidation, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezivezwe izingxenye ezishisa kakhulu zeimbuthumaumoya ngaphezu komugqa we-slag. Ukusebenza ngempumelelo kanye nenzuzo yezindleko kudinga ukuhlolwa ngakunye okuqondileukuhlinza.

• Ukulungiswa okujwayelekile:Qinisekisa ngesikhathiukuhlalisaiwa-I-electrodeAbaphethe, ama-clamp, izingalo kanye nezinhlelo zokupholisa. Ugesi omuhlethintanaKumuntu ophethe kubalulekile ukugwemaamandla ukulahlekelwanokushisa ngokweqile. MasinyanebethelaNoma imaphi amanzi avulayoimbuthumaAmaphaneli wokupholisa.

Ngokusebenzisa lezi zinyathelo, abenzi be-steel bangaphatha ngenkuthalo futhinciphisa-aboI-Graphite Electrode ukudliwa, ukuyihambisa kusuka kuzindleko ezamukelekayo, ezingalawuleki zibheke ekuguqukeni okusebenzayo okusebenzayo. Le ndlela esebenzayo ayigcini nje kuphela imaliI-electrodesKepha futhi kunomthelela kokuzinza kakhulu,-qeqesheka, futhi kukhiqizeimbuthumaUkusebenza.

I-Key Takeaways: Ukushintshwa kwe-Electrode ye-Graphite

• Umsebenzi obalulekile: Ama-electrodes we-graphitezibalulekile ekwenzeni phezulu-phathelene nogesiImisinga kuncibilikisa insimbi yanama iniphakathi kwa-Ugesi we-arc kagesingenxa yezakhiwo zabo ezihlukile.
• Ukusetshenziswa okungenakugwenywa: I-electrodesyizicoco ezigqokwa phansi ngenxaukushisa okukhulu(Ithiphu Sublimation),okuthakiweyo ukuphendula(oxidation ezindleleni eziseceleni), kanye nomonakalo ongaba khona ngokomzimba (ukuqhekeka, ukuchitha).
• Umthelela Wokusebenza kahle:Ngesikhathiukubeka endawenikubalulekile ukuze ulondolozeimbuthuma ikhono lokwenza, qinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwe-arc, ukunciphisaukusetshenziswa kwamandla, nokuvimbela isikhathi esibizayo kusukaI-electrodeukwehluleka.
• Izici Zokuthonya: Ukusetshenziswa kwe-electrodeamanani athintwa yiI-electrodeikhwalithi,imbuthumaamapharamitha okusebenza (amandla kagesi, ukusetshenziswa kwamanje, oxygen), imikhuba ye-slag, kanye nohlobo lwe-scrap.
• Ukulawulwa kokusebenza:Ukuphatha ngokucophelela, kufanelekileukufaka(ukuhlanza nokuhlanza okuhlangene), ukulawulwa kwe-arc okunekhono kwe-arc, futhi kuhleukuhlalisaumthelela omkhuluI-electrodeImpilo.
• Izimpawu zokubuyiselwa:Bukela ukugqokwa kwethiphu ngokweqile, ububanzi obuncishisiwe, imifantu ebonakalayo, ukuchitheka, ukugcwala ngokweqile, noma ukufinyelela i-stub ephansiubude.
• Amasu wokusebenza kahle: Nciphisa ukudliwaNgokusebenzisa ikhwalithi ephezuluI-electrodes, Ukulungiselela izinhlelo zamandla kanye nemikhuba yeSlag, ukunciphisa i-Ingress yomoya, ukuqinisekisa ukuhlanganyela kahle, futhi kungahle kusetshenziswe izimbambo zokuvikela.Ukushintshwa njalo kumeleingxenye yecebo elihleliwe.