Wake wazibuza ukuthi sihlukanisa kanjani amanzi e-hydrogen kanye ne-oksijini noma izinsimbi zicwengeka kanjani? Impendulo ihlala isemhlabeni othokozisayo weI-electrodes. Lezi zinto ezisebenzayo zingamaqhawe angezinhle zezinqubo eziningi zesayensi nezimboni, ezisebenza njengesango lokusebenza ngogesi lokusebenzisana nezinto. Lo mbhalo ushona ngokujulile ungene endaweni yeIzinto ze-Electrode, ukuhlola ukuthi kunganii-graphite, eceleni kwezinyeizinsimbi, idlala indima ebalulekile kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezifanai-electrolysisnokunye okuningi. Ukuqonda izakhiwo ezenza okuhleI-electrodeukhiye ukuvula ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene.
Yini ngempela i-electrode futhi yenzani ku-electrolysis?
Kwayo okulula, aI-electrodengumqhubi kagesi osetshenziselwa ukuxhumana nengxenye yesekethe engekho emjikelezweni, njengeI-electrolyte. Ngokwesimo sei-electrolysis, inqubo esetshenziselwa ukushayela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okungazenzisi usebenzisa amandla kagesi,I-electrodesbabaluleke kakhulu. Udinga okungenani ezimbiliI-electrodes: aingomakanye aIKathode. I-Electrical yamanje idluliswa ku-I-electrolyteVia leziI-electrodes. AtIKathode, okusho ukuthikhokhiswa kabi, ukwehliswa kwenzeka, okusho ukuzuza izintoi-elektronis. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, atI-electrode enhle, nomaingoma, i-oxidation yenzeka, lapho izinto zilahlekelwa khonai-elektronis. LeliUkudlulisa i-Electronkugqugquzelwa yiI-electrodeskungumgomo oyisisekelo ngemuvai-electrolysis. Cabanga ngeI-electrodeAmapulatifomu lapho amandla kagesi ahlangana khona nezinto zamakhemikhali, abenze baguqule.
Yini eyenza into enhle kagesi?
OkuhleIzinto ze-elektrodeInenhlanganisela yenkinobho embalwaukubangelanisaIzici. Okokuqala nokuphambili, phezuluukuqina kukagesikubaluleke kakhulu. Lokhu kuvumela ukuhamba ngempumelelo kwei-elektronis ngokulahleka kwamandla okuncane. Okwesibili, kuhleUkumelana nokugqwalakubalulekile, ikakhulukazi laphoIzinto ezibonakalayo zisebenza ezindaweni eziveziwe noma ezivulekile. Le khasiI-electrodeidinga ukumelana nokulimala okungenzekaI-electrolytekanye ne-byproducts of theI-Electrochemicalukuphendula. Amandla okwenziwa ngomshini futhiubunzimakubalulekile nokuqina, ikakhulukazi kwizicelo zezimboni laphoI-electrodesingahle icindezelwe ngokomzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, theUkukhetha kwe-Electrode Materialkuvame ukubandakanya ukucabanga ngezindleko nokutholakala kweizinto ezisetshenzisiwe. Kahle, aIzinto ze-elektrodekufanele ifinyeleleke kalula futhiizindleko eziphansingaphandle kokuyekethisa ukusebenza. Le khasiIzinto ze-electroode zivumientweni esebenza kangcono inqubo yekhemikhali ehlosiwe noma kagesi.
Kungani izinsimbi zivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-electrodes?
Izinsimbizikhethwe kaningi njengobaIzinto ze-Electrodengenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezingokwemvelo. Kakhuluizinsimbikhombisa okuhle kakhuluukuqina kukagesiNgenxa "yolwandle lwabo lwe-elektroni" lwesakhiwo, laphoi-elektroniIzisululwe futhi zikhululekile ukuhambisa, lula ukuthutha okusebenzayo. -JwayelekileIzinsimbi ezisetshenziswe njengezinto zokwakha i-electrodembandakanyaithusi, yaziwa ngokuphakeme kwayoukubangelanisafuthi ngokulinganayoizindleko eziphansi, yize kungathambekela kuoxidationngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.Iplosizane (Umbala wezimode) kungenye indlela ethandwayo ngenxa yokungafani kwayoUkumelana nokugqwalafuthi phezuluukubangelanisa, yize yayoIzindleko eziphakemekukhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuzicelo ezikhethekile.Titaniumibaluleke kakhuluUkumelana nokugqwalakanye namandla okwenza okuvikelayoonsideungqimba.Insimbi engagqwali, i-alloy equkethe insimbi, i-chromium nezinye izinto, inikeza ibhalansi enhle yeUkumelana nokugqwala, amandla, kanye nokusebenza kwezindleko. Ukukhethwa kokuthileinsimbi yanama iniKuya ngohlelo lokusebenza oluthile nendawo yamakhemikhali kuzobe kusebenza.
Kuthiwani ngegrafu? Kungani i-fraphite enjenge-electrode ethandwa?
Laphoizinsimbizivamile,i-graphiteivelele njenge-non-metallic ehlukileIzinto ze-elektrode. I-Graphite ingumqhubi omuhlekagesi ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esiyingqayizivele esihlukile. I-athomu ngalinye lekhabhoni ngaphakathii-graphiteuboshelwe abanye abathathu, kushiya eyodwa mahhalai-elektronilokho kungahamba ngokukhululeka ngaphakathi kwezendlalelo, kufaka isandla kuyoukuqina kukagesi. Ngokubalulekile,i-graphiteinikeza okuhle kakhuluUkumelana nokugqwalaKwabaningiizinqubo ze-electrochemical, okwenza ukuba bakulungele okuhlukahlukenei-electrolysisIzicelo, noma ngolakaI-electrolytes. Kuqhathaniswa neguguizinsimbithandaiplosizane, i-graphitekubiza kakhulu. Le nhlanganisela yeUkusebenza okuphezulu, Ukumelana nokugqwala, futhiizindleko eziphansiyenzai-graphiteokufiseleka kakhuluIzinto ze-elektrode. Uvame ukutholaIzinduku ze-Graphitenomai-graphiteamabhlogo asetshenziswa njengeI-electrodeskwezimbonii-electrolysisIzinqubo zokukhiqizwa kwe-chlorine ne-aluminium, phakathi kwabanye. Le khasiUkutholakala kalulana-Ubuningi bezinto ezibonakalayoUkutholakala kubuye kufake isandla ekusetshenzisweni kwayo okubanzi.
Ngabe ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ze-electrode kuthinta kanjani izinqubo ze-electrochemical?
Le khasiUkukhetha kwe-Electrode Materialinomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kahle nasemiphumeleniizinqubo ze-electrochemical. Le khasiukuqina kukagesiyeI-electrodengokuqondile kuthonyaamandla kagesikudingeka ukushayela ukusabela. Phezulu kakhuluimpahla evuthayoukunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla ngenxa yokumelana. Le khasiI-Electrochemicalizakhiwo zeIzinto ze-elektrode, njengokugcwala kwayo kokuphendula okuthile (njengokuziphendukela kwe-oksijini noma i-hydrogen), nquma ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kwei-electrolysis. Ngokwesibonelo, usebenzisa i-Izinto ze-elektrodeNgokugcwala okuphezulu kokuziphendukela kwe-oksijini emanzinii-electrolysiskungadinga amandla amaningi ukukhiqiza i-hydrogen. Le khasiUkumelana nokugqwalayeI-electrodeithumela isikhathi sayo sokuphila kanye nobumsulwa bemikhiqizo. UmaI-electrodeIzimonto, i-metal ion ingangcolisaI-electrolytenemikhiqizo yokugcina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, theindawo engaphezuluyeI-electrodeukuthonya inani lokuphendula; aindawo enkulu engaphezuluInikeza amasayithi amaningiUkudlulisa i-Electron, okuholela ekuphendukeni okusheshayo.
Yiziphi ezinye zezibonelo ezithile ze-elektrode ezisebenza nge-electrolysis?
Laphoi-electrolysiskuyinto isicelo esikhulu,I-electrodeszibaluleke kakhulu ebuhluni obuningi bobunye ubuchwepheshe. Phakathi kwa-Amaseli kaphethiloli, I-electrodesKhonza njenge-catalysts yeI-ElectrochemicalUkuphendula okukhiqiza ugesi kumafutha afana ne-hydrogen. Le khasiIzinto ze-elektrodephakathi kwa-Amaseli kaphethiloliidinga ukuba yi-catalytic kakhulu futhiukugqwala-Resistant. Phakathi kwa-umshiniIzinqubo ze-ING zifana nokukhishwa kwemishini kagesi (EDM),I-electrodeKwenziwe ngezinto ezisebenzayo ezifanai-graphitenomaithusizisetshenziselwa ukukhipha aukusebenzelaNgokulawulwaukuphuma kukagesi. Ukunemba futhiubunzimayeIzinto ze-elektrodezibalulekile e-EDM.I-electrodesfuthi izingxenye eziyisisekelo kumabhethri, kufaka phakathiAmabhethri e-Lithium-ion, laphoi-graphiteivame ukusetshenziswa njengeingomaimpahla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuElectroanalyticalchemistry, ekhethekileI-electrodes, njengeI-Electrode yediski ejikelezayo, asetshenziselwa ukutadisha izindlela zokuphendula kanye nezinto ezincomekayo. Lezi zibonelo ziqokomisa ukuguquguquka kweI-electrodesnokubaluleka kokukhetha okufaneleIzinto ze-elektrodengesicelo ngasinye esithile.
Yini umehluko phakathi kwe-electrode enhle ne-cathode?
Kunoma yikuphiI-Electrochemicaliseli, kungaba yintoi-electrolysisiseli noma ibhethri, kukhona abalulekile ababiliI-electrodes: TheI-electrode enhlekanyeIKathode. Imigomoingomana-IKathodeChaza ukuqondiswa kokugeleza kwamanje. Le khasiingomayilapho kwenzeka khona i-oxidation, futhi kunjaloI-electrodengokugeleza okuvamile okuvamileku-idivaysi. Kui-electrolysisiseli, theingomayi-I-electrode enhle. Ngakolunye uhlangothi,IKathodeyilapho ukwehliswa kwenzeka khona, futhi yiI-electrodengokugeleza okuvamile okuvamilengaphandleyedivayisi. Kui-electrolysisiseli, theI-Cathode Electrode kumeleyibakhokhiswa kabi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi isibonakaliso seI-electrode(okuhle noma okubi) kungancika ekutheni iseli lisebenzisa ugesi (like ini-electrolysis) noma ukukhiqiza ugesi (njengasebhethri). Kodwa-ke, izincazelo zeingoma(oxidation) kanyeIKathode(ukuncishiswa) kuhlala kungaguquguquki.
Ingabe kukhona ezinye izinto ze-elekredi ezingezona zensimbi ngaphandle kwegrafu?
Laphoi-graphitekuyinto evelele yensimbiIzinto ze-elektrode, banguezinye izinhlobo eziningiisetshenziswe kuzicelo ezahlukahlukene.Eqhuba izinto ze-polymerYebo, ngokwesibonelo, athola ukuthengiswa ngenxa yaboUkuvumelana nezimo okuhlekanye namandla okuqamba okusebenzayo. Lawa ma-polymers angabaelectrochemicallykuguqulwe ukuthuthukisa okwaboukubangelanisa. I-Carbon-basedama-nanomatadium afanauhlobokanye ne-carbon nanotubes (Ukusetshenziswa kwama-CNTs) nazo zihlolisiswa ngokuhlukileukubangelanisana-indawo enkulu engaphezulu, ukubenza bathembisa izicelo kuAma-supercapacitors we-hybridnezinzwa ezithuthukile.Onsideizinto zokwakha, ikakhulukaziI-Metal Oxidethandai-ruthenium onside(Ruo2) ne-Iridiumonside(IRO2), isetshenziswa kabanzi njengeIzinto ze-ElectrodeKu-izicelo ezidinga umsebenzi ophakeme we-catalytic, njengokuziphendukela kwe-oksijini emanzinii-electrolysis. Kusebenze ama-electron wekhabhoni, ngokuphakeme kwaboindawo engaphezulu, zivame ukusetshenziswa kuma-supercapacitors ukuze kugcinwe amandla. Ngisho nezinto ezinjengokuthiI-Silicon CarbideThola izinhlelo ze-niche njengeI-electrodesngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.
Yiziphi ezinye zezinto ezibalulekile okufanele ucabangele lapho ukhetha impahla ye-electrode?
Lapho ukhetha ilungeloIzinto ze-elektrode, izinto eziningana zidinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela.Ukuqina kukagesiihlala iyinkinga yokuqala ngokudluliswa okusebenzayo.Ukumelana nokugqwalakubalulekile ukuqinisekisaI-electrodeUkuphila isikhathi eside futhi kuvikele ukungcoliswa. Le khasiI-Electrochemicaliwindi leinto uqobo lwayo, okuchaza uhla lweamandla kagesiSI-electrodeiyazinza, nayo ibalulekile. Le khasiindawo engaphezulukanye ne-porosity yeI-electrodeIngayithinta kakhulu amanani okusabela okusheshayo, ikakhulukazi kwizicelo ze-catalytic. Izakhiwo zemishini, ezifanaubunzimanamandla, abalulekile kuI-electrodeUkuqina. Izindleko nokutholakala kukhona ukucatshangelwa okusebenzayo, ikakhulukazi izinhlelo eziningi zezimboni. Ekugcineni, imvelo ethile yamakhemikhali kanye neyenzelweizinqubo ze-electrochemicaluzokubeka ukufaneleka kokuthileIzinto ze-elektrode. Abaphenyi bahlala behlola okushaama-nanomatadiumna-I-Electrode ye-MultilayerImiklamo yokwenza le ndawo.
Ngingafundaphi kabanzi nge-electrochechemistry yezinto zokwenziwa nge-elektroni ezihlukile?
Kulabo abafuna ulwazi olujulile mayelana nezinkampani zeIzinto ze-Electrodenokuziphatha kwabo,Izihloko ze-Scinierectinikeza ingcebo yolwazi. Le nsiza ye-inthanethi ihlinzeka ngokubuka konke okuphelele kwezifundo ezahlukahlukene zesayensi nezobuchwepheshe, kufaka phakathi izingxoxo ezinemininingwanei-electrochechemistry, kwehlukileIzinto ze-Electrode, nezicelo zabo. Ungathola izincazelo ezijulile zeUkudlulisa i-Electronizindlela,I-Electrochemicalukusabela okwehlukileI-electrodeizindawo, kanye nemigomo elandela amasu afanai-elektrodeposition. UkuhlolaIzihloko ze-Scinierecthlobene neI-electrodes, i-electrolysis, nezinto ezikhethekile ezifanai-graphite, iplosizane, futhiI-Metal OxideS uzohlinzeka isisekelo esiqinile sokuqonda le nkambu ehehayo futhi ebalulekile. Ungase futhi uthole imininingwane ehlobene nokukhethekileI-electrodeIzinhlobo ezinjengeI-anode ye-graphite ecacile, i-vitreous carbon ecijile, noma ukucushwa okubandakanyamesh engagqwali. Khumbula, ukuqonda ama-nuances weIzinto ze-electrode ziyindlela yokusebenzaukhiye ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obuningi.
Ukuthathwa Key:
- I-electrodesbangabaqhubi ababalulekile abasebenzaUkudlulisa i-Electronezinqubweni zifanai-electrolysis.
- Izakhiwo ezibalulekile zokuhleIzinto ze-elektrodefaka phezuluukuqina kukagesi, Ukumelana nokugqwala, namandla okusebenza.
- Izinsimbithandaithusi, iplosizane, futhititaniumzivamileIzinto ze-Electrodengenxa yaboukubangelanisa.
- I-graphiteukukhethwa okuthandwa okujwayelekile okukodwa okweletUkusebenza okuhle kukagesi, Ukumelana nokugqwala, futhiizindleko eziphansi.
- Le khasiUkukhetha kwe-Electrode Materialkuthinta kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kanye nemiphumela yeizinqubo ze-electrochemical.
- I-electrodesThola Izicelo Ngaphandlei-electrolysis, kufaka phakathiAmaseli kaphethilolina-umshiniing (edm).
- Le khasiingomayilapho kwenzeka khona i-oxidation, kanyeIKathodelapho ukwehliswa kwenzeka khona.
- Ngaphandlei-graphite, okunye okungekho kwensimbiIzinto ze-Electrodembandakanyaeqhuba izinto ze-polymers kanye ne-carbon nanomatadiumuhlobo.
- Ukukhetha kwesokudlaIzinto ze-elektrodekudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwayoukubangelanisa, ukugqwalaUkumelana, izindleko, kanye nesicelo esithile.
- Izinsizakusebenza ezifanaIzihloko ze-ScinierectNikeza imininingwane ebalulekile ku-i-electrochechemistrykwehlukileIzinto ze-Electrode.
Sinikeza uhla lwekhwalithi ephezului-graphiteimikhiqizo elungele okuhlukahlukeneI-electrodeIzicelo. Cabanga ukuhlola kwethuI-electrode ephezulu yamandla we-graphitengokufunwai-electrolysisizinqubo noma yethuInduku ye-graphiti evutha ama-electrodesNgezicelo ezikhethekile. Ungathola futhi izinto ezinhle kakhulu ze-EDM izinhlelo zethuI-graphite yamandla aphezulu.
Isikhathi sePosi: 01-20-2025
