I-Master the ART: Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sokuhlanza i-graphite electrode surfaces

Ama-lectrodes we-graphite ayizinto ezibalulekile ezinqumweni ezahlukahlukene zezimboni, ikakhulukazi emandleni e-arc kagesi (EAF) ngokukhiqizwa kwensimbi nasezinhlelweni ze-electrochemical ezahlukahlukene. Isimo seI-electrodeIngaphezulu lithinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside. Kungcoliswe noma kugcinwe ngokungafaneleI-electrodekungaholela ekwenyusiweukudliwa, ukusebenza okungalungile, kanye nenhlekeleleukunyanezela ukuhlangabezana. Lo mhlahlandlela uhlinzeka ngokugcweleukufundisaekutheni kufanele kanjanihlanzafuthi ulondoloze owakhoI-Graphite Electrodeizindawo, ukudweba kusuka ekucokeni okusebenzayo kwefektri. Ukuthi ungumuntu opharetha njengoMark Thompson, okhathazekile ngekhwalithi kanye nokusebenza kwezindleko, noma ausolwaziUkulungiselela okunembileI-ElectrochemicalIzilinganiso, ukuqonda lezi zinqubo kubalulekile ukuthola imiphumela efanele. Akehlolakunganihlanza I-electrodeizindaba nokuthi ungakufeza kanjani.

1. Kungani i-electrode ye-electrode ehlanzekile ecushwayo yokusebenza?

Ukusebenza kweI-Graphite Electrodeixhumeke ngokomqondo esimweni sayo esingaphezulu komhlaba. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezishisa kakhulu njengezinto zikagesi ze-arc, ahlanzaingaphezulu liqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kukagesi. Ama-Contanants asebenze njengabathambisi, akhuphula ukumelana kagesi. Lokhu kuphoqa uhlelo ukudweba amandla amaningi ukufeza izinga lokushisa elifanayo lokuncibilika, okuholela emandleni aphezuluukudliwaFuthi ukusebenza okuncishisiwe - ukukhathazeka okusemqoka kwabaphangi abazibiza ngezindleko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhanjiswa kwamanje okungekho emthethweni okubangelwa i-surce Fouling kungadala izindawo ezishisayo zasendaweni, okwandisa ingcindezi eshisayo kanye nengozi yeukunyanezela ukuhlangabezananoma ukugqoka ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ngaphandle kwe-EAFS, ngaphakathiI-ElectrochemicalIzicelo, theIngaphezulu le-electrodeyilapho isenzo senzeka - kubalulekileisikhombibephakathi kweI-electrodeimpahla kanyeI-electrolyte. Ama-Contature angavimba amasayithi asebenzayo, aguqule izindlela zokuphendula, noma angenise ukusabela okungafuneki. Lokhu kunomthelela ngqo ukunemba nokuzala kwezilinganiso. Ngokwesibonelo, ku-voltammetry, okungcolileukusebenza nge-electrodeingaphezulu lingaholela ekuhlanekezelweisiqongo sentababobunjwa, bashintshiweisiqongo sentabaamandla, futhi ancishisiweisibonisoukuqina, okwenza kube nzima ukunquma ngokunembile umhlaziyiukuqoqananoma izindlela zokuphendula ezifundwayo. Ahlanza I-electrodeIngaphezulu liyisisekelo sokuthola okuthembekileI-Electrochemicalidatha. Ukugcina i-pristineI-electrodeingaphezulu liqinisekisa ukuthi kulinganisweI-ElectrochemicalImpendulo ikhombisa ngempela inqubo engaphansi kophenyo.

Ubuqotho bamaphoyinti okuxhuma, ikakhulukaziintanjanaizingxenye laphoama-elektrode amabiliJoyina ngengono, nayo ibaluleke kakhulu. Abangcolisiwe njengothuli noma amafutha kuintanjanakungaphazamisa ukugeleza kwamanje futhi kuholele ekutheni kufakwe ngokweqile ekuhlanganiseni. Leli yiphuzu elijwayelekile lokwehluleka, okuvame ukubangelaUkukhulula, ukukhuphuka kokumelana kagesi, nomaukunyanezela ukuhlangabezana. Ukuqinisekisa zombili umzimba oyinhlokongaphandlekanye nokuxhumaintanjanaizindawo ngokucophelelahlanzaibalulekile ekuthembekeni kwesakhiwo nogesi kwalo lonkeI-electrodeIkholamu, ikakhulukazi lapho ubhekene nama-electrodes amakhulu afunwa kakhulu afuna phezuluuthembisiNgesikhathi somhlangano.

2. Yini okungcola ngokuvamile okungcolile kwe-graphite electrode eclectode?

I-graphiteI-electrodeIzindawo eziphansi zingangcoliswa ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene - ngesikhathi sokugcina, ukuphatha nokusebenza. Ukuqonda abasolwa abavamile kusiza ekukhetheni izindlela zokuhlanza ezifanele. Umthombo owodwa omkhuluAmafutha namanziIzinsalela, zivame ukudluliswa kusuka ekuphatheni imishini noma izandla zabasebenzi. Uthuli kanye nendaba eyinhlanganisela kwimvelo yesitoreji noma umkhathi wesitshalo ungahlala kalula ku-ngaphandle, ikakhulukazi ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo se-porous sezinhlobo ezithile ze-graphite. Lokhu kungahle kubonakale kumncane, kepha ngisho nongqimba omncane ungawuthinta kakhulu ukusebenza.

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ikakhulukazi kuma-EAFS,ama-electrodes we-graphitezivezwa izimo ezinzima. Slag Splash, Metallicfakaizinhlayiya, kanye ne-oxidized impahla inganamathela ngokuqinile kuI-electrode ngaphandle. Lezi zingcolisa ezihlobene nenqubo zivame ukususa futhi zingashintsha kakhuluI-Electrode'sizakhiwo zikagesi nezenzile. Phakathi kwa-I-ElectrochemicalIzilungiselelo, ukungcola kungavela kuI-electrolyteuqobo (ukungcola, imikhiqizo yokucekelwa phansi), ireferensiI-electrodeukuvuza, noma ama-adsorption ama-molecule avela ku-matrix eyisampula kuindawo ye-electrode. Lezi zinhlobo ezi-adsorbed zingadlulaI-electrode, ukuvimbela ukudluliselwa kwe-elektroni.

Kubalulekile futhi ukubheka izinsalela ezivela emizameni yokuhlanza yangaphambilini noma yokukhiqiza. Ama-ejenti wokuhlanza okuhlanza ngokungafanele noma izinto zokuvikela ezenzelwe ukucwazimula (njenge-alumina nomaidayimaniNamathisela wasetshenziswa ngaphakathiI-Electrochemical I-electrodeUkulungiselela) angazenza njengokungcola. Ngisho nokunamathelisa kusuka ekuvikeleniokokunamathiselaKusetshenzisweI-electrodeImicu ingashiya izinsalela ezinamathelayo uma zingasuswanga kahle. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlanza ngokupheleleindlela yokwenza izintoKufanele yini i-akhawunti yokususa ukungcola kwangaphandle kepha futhi nanoma yiziphi izinsalela ezingaba khona kwinqubo yokuhlanza uqobo. Kumelehlahlelaimithombo engaba khona yokudla ukuze ukhethe isu elihle kakhulu lokuhlanza.

3. Amathuluzi abalulekile nezinto zokwakha zokuhlanza i-elektrode okusebenzayo?

Ukuba namathuluzi afanele nezinto zokwakha ezandleni zenza inqubo yokuhlanza iphephe futhi isebenze kakhudlwana. Izinto ezithile ezidingekayo zingahluka kancane ngokuya ngeI-electrodeThayipha nohlelo lokusebenza (EAF vs.I-Electrochemical iseli), kepha ikhithi eyisisekelo kufanele ifake:

• Igiya lokuphepha:Njalo ubeke phambili ukuphepha. Lokhu kufaka amagilavu ​​afanele (isb.
• Amabhulashi:Amabhulashi athambile athambile (njenge-nylon) ngokuvamile ancanyelwa ukugeza okujwayelekile ukuze ugweme ukuklabhaI-Graphite Electrode ngaphandle. Auwaya vuthulula(mhlawumbe yethusi, incompa kuneinsimbi) ingahle isetshenziswengokucophelelaUkususa amadiphozi anenkani kakhulu kuma-electrodes wezimboni, kepha akukaze kube kubuthakathakaI-ElectrochemicalElectrodes. -ThizeintanjanaUkuhlanza amabhulashi kuyanconywa futhi.
• Izindwangu:Ama-winter-free wipes nomaindwangu(njenge-microfiber) kubalulekile ukuze kusulwe izindawo zokusula ngaphandle kokushiya imicu. Amathawula wephepha ajwayelekile kufanele agwenywe.
• Solvents:Ukukhethwa kweusongelekuya ngokungcola.
  • I-Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA)nomai-acetoneyizinketho ezijwayelekile zokususa amafutha,Amafutha namanzi. Hlala uhlole ukuhambisana ne-OfficI-Graphite ElectrodeIsicelo ne-Downstream application (ikakhulukazi ngokuzwelaI-Electrochemical umsebenzi wokulingisebenza).
  • Amanzi e-Deionized (DI)nomaAmanzi Ahlanganisiwekubalulekile ukuthi kuhlangane, ikakhulukazi ngaphakathiI-ElectrochemicalIzicelo, ukugwema ukwethula ama-Ionic.
• Umoya ocindezelwe:Umthombo ohlanzekile, owomileumoya ocindezelweibaluleke kakhulu ngokushaya uthuli olukhululekile nemfucumfucu, kanye nokomisaI-electrodengemuva kokugeza. Qinisekisa ukuthi ukunikezwa komoya kungenawo amafutha.
• Izinto zokupholisa (ze-electrochemical electrodes):UkulungiselelaI-ElectrochemicalAma-electrodes, amamaki ahlukahlukene e-polishing media ayadingeka, njenge:
  • I-Alumina Slurries (E.G., 1.0μM, 0.3μM, 0.05μM)
  • IdayimaniAma-pastes / ama-splay (uhla olufanayo lwamasayizi wezinhlayiyana)
  • Amaphilisi wokuphola (indwangu ye-emeryngokuvamile ihlanganiswa kakhulu, kusetshenziswa izindwangu eziqondile zokuphola)
• Iziqukathi:Hlanza ama-beakers noma amathreyi okubamba izixazululo ngesikhathi sokugeza nomauhlobo lwe-ultrasonicukuhlanza.

Nasi ithebula lereferensi esheshayo:

Ukukhetha amathuluzi afanele isinyathelo sokuqala esiya ekuhlanzeni kahleI-Graphite Electrode.

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Ukuhlanzaama-electrodes we-graphite, noma kukhulu ngezintokazi noma amancane ama-labs, kudinga indlela eyizindlela. Nakhu okujwayelekileindlela yokwenza izinto, ongazivumelanisa nezimo ngokusekelwe kuI-electrodeUsayizi kanye nezinga lokungcola:

1. Ukuhlola nokuphepha kokuqala:Beka izingilazi zakho zokuphepha namagilavu.NgokusobalahlolaI-electrodenganoma yikuphi okubonakalayoumonakalo, imifantu, noma ukungcoliswa okukhulu. Bhekaintanjanaizindawo ngqo.
2. Ukuhlanza okomile:Sebenzisa uhlanzekile, mahhala-mahhalaumoya ocindezelweukushaya noma yiluphi uthuli olukhululekile nodaba lokubandakanya kulo lonkengaphandle, kufaka phakathi imicu. Ibhulashi elithambile lingasiza ukukhipha izinhlayiya ezinamathela kancane. Sebenza endaweni enomoya omuhle.
3. I-Solvent Sula (uma idingeka):Uma izinsalela ezinamafutha (Amafutha namanzi) bakhona, bathambisa i-lint-mahhalaindwangunge kufaneleusongele(njengotshwala be-isopropyl). Sula kahle izindawo ezingcolile. Gwema ukufaka iI-electrode, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ze-porous, ngaphandle kokuthi zenze inqwabageza. Sula kusuka ezindaweni ezihlanzayo ezibheke ezindaweni ezingcolile. Ngemicu, sebenzisa i-brush yentambo enikezelwe noma indwangu esongwe ngethuluzihlanzaama-grooves.
4. I-Stubborn Deposits (ama-elektrode wezimboni):Okwe-Eafforses Ezinda Kakhulu Zezimboni (E.G., EAFI-electrodenge-slag), ukuhlanzwa kwemishini kungadingekangaphambiliukugeza. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi-nakayoukuklebhula ngethuluzi elingeyona eyensimbi noma ukusetshenziswa okumnene kwethusiuwaya vuthulula. Ukuqapha ngokweqilekuyadingeka ukugwema ukulimazaI-electrode ngaphandle. Lesi sinyathelo ngokuvamile-IKusebenza kubucayiI-ElectrochemicalElectrodes.
5. Hlambulula:Uma izixazululo zazisetshenziswa, noma ukugeza jikelele,xukuzale khasiI-electrodekahle. IngomaneI-ElectrochemicalAma-electrodes, asebenzise amanzi aphezulu abuhlungu noma ubumsulwa obufanayousongeleisetshenziselwa ukuhlanza. Okwe-electrodes zezimboni, ngokuya nge-ejenti yokuhlanza kanye nezidingo zenqubo, amanzixukuzakulandelwa ngokuqinisekisa ukugcwala okuphelele kwakwanele. Umgomo ukususa yonke iminonjana ye-ejenti yokuhlanza kanye nokungcola okungcolile. Ama-Rinsin amaningi angahle adingeke.
6. Ukomisa:VumelaI-electrodeumoya womile ngokuphelele endaweni ehlanzekile. Ungasheshisa ukomisa usebenzisaumoya ocindezelwe(Qinisekisa ukuthi ihlanzekile). Ukushisa okumnene (e.g., kuhhavini ngaphansi kwe-100° C) ingasetshenziswa, kepha gwema amazinga okushisa ngokweqile angakwazikhiyanoma ukuntshontsha i-graphite. Le khasiI-electrodekumele yome ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokugcina noma ukusetshenziswa, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokuxhuma amalunga noma ukucwilisa kuI-electrolyte. Isikhathi esijwayelekile somoya singaba ngu-30ukuemahoreni ambalwa, kuya ngosayizi nokuqina. I-electrode kufanele ibeuvunyelwe ukomakahle.
7. Ukuhlolwa kokugcina:Uma womile, yenza ukuhlolwa kokugcina kokubuka ukuze uqinisekisengaphandlengokufanahlanzafuthi mahhala ezinsalweni nomaumonakalo. Bheka imicu futhi.

Le ndlela ehlelekile iqinisekisa ukuthiI-Graphite Electrodeihlanza ngempumelelo ngenkathi inciphisa ubungozi beumonakalo. Khumbula ukuphathaI-electrodengokucophelela inqubo yonke.

5. Iyini indima yokuhlanza i-ultrasonic nge-graphite electrodes?

Uhlobo lwe-ultrasonicUkuhlanza kunikeza indlela ehlanzayo yokuhlanza uma kuqhathaniswa nokusula okulula noma ukuxubha. Isebenzisa amagagasi omsindo wemvamisa ephezulu ukudala ama-bubble we-cavitation ngaphakathi koketsheziusongele. Lawa ma-bubble afafaza eduze kweI-electrodeingaphezulu, ekhiqiza ama-jets amancane, anamandla kanye nengcindezi yengcindezi yasendaweni eshintsha okungonakalisiwe kungaphandle, kufaka phakathi ama-pores nezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifana nemicu. Cabanga ngakho njengesenzo sokuhlanza ama-microscopic.

Le ndlela isebenza ngempumelelo ekususeni inenkani, izinsalela ezinhle, izinsalela ezifakwe empangeni engaphezulu, noma ezingcolisayo ezindaweni ezikunzima zifinyelela kunzima njengempande yeintanjana. IngomaneI-ElectrochemicalAma-electrodes, anuhlobo lwe-ultrasonic geza(imvamisa 5-15uku) ngendlela efaneleusongele(njenge-DI amanzi noma i-isopropanol) ngemuva kokuphoqelela kokuqala noma phakathi kokuhlolwa kungathuthukisa inhlanzeko ephezulu kakhulu futhi kuqinisekiswe okusebenzayo ngokwengeziwe, okuzakhiwe kabushaI-electrode ngaphandle. Isinyathelo esivamile kumaphrothokholi wokuhlanza aqinile ahlose i-pristineindawo ye-electrode.

Noma kunjalo,uhlobo lwe-ultrasonicUkuhlanza kufanele kusetshenziswe ngokwahlulela. Amandla amakhulu angabangela ubusoumonakalonoma ukuguguleka, ikakhulukazi ngamamaki we-graphite noma izikhathi zokuvezwa isikhathi eside. Kubalulekile ku:

• QokakufanelekileusongeleIyahambisana negrafu kanye nokungcola.
• Lawula ubude besikhathi (qala ngezikhathi ezimfushane, e.g.,Imizuzu emi-2kuya ku-5uku, futhi wandise kuphela uma kunesidingo).
• QinisekisaI-electrodeakuphumuli ngokuqondile phansi kweuhlobo lwe-ultrasonicUkugeza (Sebenzisa aokokubambanoma ukumiswa).
• Xukuzakahle ngemuva kweuhlobo lwe-ultrasonicigxathu lokususa imfucumfucu e-disclid kanye nensalelausongele.

Uhlobo lwe-ultrasonicUkuhlanza kuyithuluzi elinamandla kuI-electrodeUkuhlanza i-arsenal, kepha akudingeki njalo noma kufanelekile. Hlola uhlobo lokungcola kanye nokuzwela kweI-electrodengaphambi kokusebenzisa le ndlela. Ngemisebenzi eminingi yokuhlanza ejwayelekile, izindlela zezandla ezichazwe ngaphambili zanele.

6. Ulungiselela kanjani ama-electrodes wokuhlolwa kwe-electrochemical?

Ukulungiselela iI-electrodeyeI-Electrochemical umsebenzi wokulingikudinga ukunakwa ngokucophelela ekuhlanzeni komhlaba kanye nesimo sendawo, njengoba ukulandelela ukulandelela kungathinta imiphumela kakhulu imiphumela. Umgomo ukufezekisa ubushelelezi, obuvuseleleke, futhi obusebenzayongaphandle. Ngqoindlela yokwenza izintokuya ngokuthiI-electrodeIzinto ezibonakalayo (e.g.umsebenzi wokulingi, kepha ngokuvamile kubandakanya ukucwaswa, ukuhlanza, futhi kwesinye isikhathiI-Electrochemicalukwelashwa kwangaphambili.

Ukulandelana okujwayelekile kokulungiselela okuqinileI-Graphite Electrode(njenge-Carbon enesisindo) kungahle kubukeke kanjena:

1. I-Mechan Polishing:Lesi sinyathelo sihlose ukususa noma yikuphi ukungcola kwangaphambilini noma izingqimba ezidlulile futhi udale okusha, bushelelezingaphandle.
   • Qala nge-Coarser Polishing Media (E.G., 1μMI-Alumina nomaidayimaniNamathisela) ekupholisheniindwangu. IsiPolish esithombeni-isiphakamiso esingu-8 se-1-Imizuzu emi-2.
   • Xukuzakahle namanzi a-di.
   • Hambisa ku-Finer Polishing Media (E.G., 0.3μM, ke 0.05μMI-Alumina). IsiPolish for 1-Imizuzu emi-2nebanga ngalinye.
   • Xukuzangokuphelele ngamanzi aphakathi kwesinyathelo ngasinye.
2. Ukuhlanza kwe-Ultrasonic:Ngemuva kokuphola, bekaI-electrodeIthiphu e-beaker enamanzi a-di (noma kwesinye isikhathi i-ethanol / isopropanol) kanye ne-sonication kwabaningiuku(e.g., 5uku) Ukususa imfucumfucu eboshwe emifantweni emikhulu emikhulu.
3. Ukuhlamba kokugcina: Xukuzakakhulu ngamanzi ahlanzekile aphezulu. Amanye amaphrothokholi angabandakanya owokugcinaxukuzangeI-electrolyteukusetshenziselwa ku-umsebenzi wokulingi.
4. Ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kwe-electrochemical (kuyakhetheka):Kuya ngohlelo lokusebenza, TheI-electrodekungadingaI-Electrochemicalukusebenza noma ukuhlanza. Lokhu kuvame ukubandakanya ukuhamba ngebhayisekili amandla ngaphakathi kohlu oluthile ekusekelweniI-electrolyte. Lesi sinyathelo singasiza ekususeni ama-oxides asele noma izinhlobo ze-adsorbed bese uzinzaI-electrode ngaphandle. Ibanga elithile elithile futhiukuyingilizaAmapharamitha acacisiwe kuI-electrodeimpahla kanyeI-electrolyteuhlelo. Inhloso imvamisa ukufeza isitezi esizinzile, esiphansi samanje futhi esichazwe kahleI-Electrochemical isiqongo sentabaizimpendulo zemibhangqwana eyaziwayo ye-redox (njenge-Ferrocene noma i-potassium fercyanide) njengesheke leI-electrodeumsebenzi.
5. Ukomisa (uma kudingeka):UmaI-electrodeayisetshenziswa ngokushesha, kufanele yomiswe ngokucophelela (e.g., ngokusakazwa okumnene kwe-nitrogen noma i-argon) futhi igcinwe kahle.

Izinga leI-Electrochemical iseliSetha, kufaka phakathi ireferensi kanye ne-electrodes, kanye nobumsulwa beI-electrolytekanye nezixazululo, zibalulekile ngokulinganayo. Kulungiselelwe ngokupheleleukusebenza nge-electrodengeke uthele idatha enhle uma ezinye izinto zinephutha noma zingcolisiwe. Ukuzuza okubukhali, okuchazwe kahleI-Electrochemical isiqongo sentabanekhono elilindelekile livame ukuba yinkomba ebalulekile yelungiselelwe kahleI-electrodena-iseli.

7. Ukuvimbela Umonakalo: Yiziphi izindlela ezibalulekile zokuhlanza ngesikhathi sokuhlanza i-electrode?

Ngenkathi ukuhlanza kubalulekile, amasu angafanele angadala ukulimala okwengeziwe kunokuhle. I-graphite, naphezu kokuqina kwezinga lokushisa eliphakeme, kungaba brittle futhi kuthambekele emshiniumonakalo. Nazi izinyathelo zokuqapha ezibalulekile okufanele uzithathe:

• Gwema amandla amakhulu:Ungalokothi usebenzise amandla ngokweqile lapho uxubha, ukusula, noma ukuphathaI-electrode. I-Graphite ingaqala noma i-chip. Sebenzisa amabhulashi athambile nezindwangu zama-lint-free. Gwema ukulahla noma umthelelaI-electrode, ngoba lokhu kungaholela enhlekeleleniukunyanezela ukuhlangabezana.
• Vikela imicu:Le khasiintanjanaIzingxenye zibalulekile ekuxhumeni kanye nokudluliswa kwamanje kepha futhi zisengozini.
  • Njalonjalohlanzaimicu ngokucophelela, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho okusala imfucumfucu.
  • Sebenzisa izigqoko zokuvikela nomaokokunamathiselangaphezulu kwentambo ngesikhathi sokuhlanza okunamandla komzimba noma ngesikhathi sokugcina / ukuthutha kuyevikela i-electrodeimicu evelaumonakalo.
  • Lapho uxhumaama-elektrode amabili, Qinisekisa ukuthi imicu ihambisana kahle ngaphambi kokuqina. Sebenzisa okunconyiweuthembisiUkucaciswa - Ukuqeda ukuqeda kungacindezelaintanjanafuthi kuholele ku-ukunyanezela ukuhlangabezanangokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngenkathi ukuqina kungadalaUkukhululanokushisa ngokweqile. Sebenzisa okufaneleokokubambanoma ukuwohloka ngesikhathi somhlangano / kwe-disasqweb. Gwema UkusebenzisainsimbiAmathuluzi ngqo kwi-graphite uma kungenzeka, noma uwasebenzise ngokunakekelwa okwedlulele.
• Ukuvumelana kwamakhemikhali:Qinisekisa noma yimaphi ama-solvents noma ama-ejenti wokuhlanza asetshenzisiwe ahambisana nebanga elithile leI-Graphite ElectrodeFuthi ngeke ushiye izinsalela eziyingozi zohlelo oluhlosiwe. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kwi-graphite ephezulu yokuhlanza nomaI-ElectrochemicalIzicelo lapho zilandele izigaba ezingcona. Njalonjaloxukuzakahle.
• Ukushaqeka kwe-Thermal:Gwema izinguquko zokushisa okusheshayo. Ungathathi okushisayoI-electrodefuthi igxubelwe ngoketshezi lokuhlanza olubandayo, noma ukushisa okumanziI-electrodengokushesha okukhulu. Izinguquko zokushisa kancane kancane ziyisihluthulelo sokuvimbela ukucindezelwa okushisayo nokuqhekeka (ukunyanezela ukuhlangabezana). Uma udingapheka isinkwaaI-electrodeyomile, sebenzisa izinga lokushisa eliphakathi (e.g., <100-120° C) futhi uvumele ukufudumeza kancane kancane nokupholisa.
• Izeluleko ze-Ultrasonic:Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, khawulela ubude besikhathi namandla weuhlobo lwe-ultrasonicukuhlanza ukugwema ukupela noma ukuqeda iI-electrode ngaphandle.

Ngokunamathela kulezi zindlela zokuphepha, ungakwazi ngempumelelohlanza-akhoama-electrodes we-graphitengaphandle kokuyekethisa ubuqotho babo noma ukusebenza kwabo. Ukuvimbelaumonakalokubaluleke kakhulu njengokususa okungotshani.

8. Ungahlola kanjani futhi uqinisekise ukuhlanzeka kwe-electrode ngemuva kokugeza?

Ngemuva kokuhlanza, wazi kanjani ukuthiI-electrodeempelenihlanzasekwanele? Ukuqinisekiswa kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile, ikakhulukazi ezicelo ezibucayi. Izindlela zisukela kusuka ekuhlolweni okulula kokubuka kumasu wokuhlaziywa okungaphezulu komhlaba.

Okwe-general Industrial electrodes (njenge-EAF electrodes), ukuhlolwa okubukwayo okuphelele kuyindlela eyinhloko. Funa i:

• Ukubukeka okufanayo:Le khasingaphandleKufanele abukeke ahlanzekile ngokulinganayo, ngaphandle kwamachashazi e-discoloration, izinsalela, noma ezingcolisayo ezibonakalayo ezifana namafutha noma iziqu zothuli.
• Isimo sentambo:Nakisisa i-intanjanaama-grooves nobuso. Kufanele bakhululeke imfucumfucu, i-grease, futhiumonakalo.
• Ukuhlolwa kokusula:Sula kahle indawo encane yokuhlanzwa, yomilengaphandlengehlanzekile, elimhlophe, elingenama-lint-freeindwangu. Indwangu kufanele ihlale ihlanzekile, okukhombisa ukuthi ayikho isikhathi esivulekile esidlulayo.

IngomaneI-ElectrochemicalAma-electrodes, lapho isimo esingaphezulu siba khona, ukuqinisekiswa kwesinye isikhathi kunzima kakhulu:

• Ukuhlolwa okubukwayo (microscopic):Ukuhlola okubaliwengaphandleNgaphansi kokukhulisa kungaveza imihuzuko, imigodi, noma izinto zokupholisha ezisalayo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-electrochemical:Ukugijima i-cyclic voltammogram (CV) evamileI-electrolyteIsixazululo esiqukethe umbhangqwana we-redox oziphethe kahle (isb., 1 mm potassium fercyanide ku-0,1 m kcl) ithuluzi elijwayelekile lokuxilonga. Kuhlanzwa kahle futhi kusebenzeI-electrodekufanele kubonise:
  • Isizinda esiphansi samanje.
  • I-oxidation echazwe kahle nokuncishiswaisiqongo sentababobunjwa.
  • Okulindelweisiqongo sentabaUkwahlukana (-Δ), okusondele kakhulu ku-59 / n MV emazingeni okushisa egumbi ngenqubo evuselelwe kabusha ye-N-Electron. Ukuphambuka kuvame ukukhombisa ukuvilapha noma okungcolisiwengaphandle.
  • Ukuskena okuvuselelwa kabusha phezu kwamabhayisekili aphindaphindwayo.
• Ukulinganiswa kokuxhumana kwe-Angle:Indlela amaconsi amanzi nomaI-electrolyteubuhlalu phezulu (noma lisakazeka) ku-I-electrodeIngaphezulu linganikezaukubona okusithekileyoekuhlanzeni kwayo kanye ne-hydrophobicity / hydrophility, okungazwela kakhulu ekungcolisweni komhlaba.
• Amasu we-Surveroscopic angaphezulu komhlaba (athuthukile):Ezilungiselelweni zocwaningo, amasu anjenge-X-ray Pleelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) noma iRaman Spectroscopy kungenzeka isetshenziselwehlahlelaukwakheka okuyisisekelo kanye nesimo samakhemikhali seI-electrode ngaphandle, eqinisekisa ukungabikho kokungcola okuthile. Leli zinga le-ihlaziyaimininingwane imvamisa ibekelwe i-R & D.

Ukuhlolwa njalo nokuqinisekisa, kufanelekile kuhlelo, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi inqubo yokuhlanza iyasebenza nokuthiI-Graphite Electrodeisilungele ukusebenza kahle. Lokhu kusiza ukuvikela ukwehluleka okubizayo noma okungalungileukulinganisaImiphumela.

9. Ukugcina Ukuhlanzeka: Ungasigcina kanjani kahle futhi uphathe kahle ama-electrodes we-graphite?

Ukuhlanzaama-electrodes we-graphitekubalulekile, kepha ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwasekuqaleni kungcono kakhulu. Izinqubo ezifanele zokugcina kanye nezinqubo zokuphatha zibalulekile ukugcina inhlanzeko nokuvimbelaumonakalo. Nazi ezinye izindlela ezinhle kakhulu:

• Isitoreji esihlanzekile nesomile:Gcina i-electrodes emvelweni ehlanzekile, eyomile, kude nothuli, umswakama, intuthu yamakhemikhali, kanye nemithelela engaba khona yomzimba. Gwema ukuzigcina ngqo phansi. Sebenzisa ama-racks aqokiwe noma ama-pallets.
• Ukulonda okuvikelayo:Gcina ama-electrodes ekuphaphekeni kwangempela okuvikelayo isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka. Ku-electrodes zezimboni, lokhu kuvame ukufaka ukugoqa nokugoqa. Izinongo (izikhonkwane zokuxhuma) kufanele futhi zigcinwe ngokucophelela, imvamisa emabhokisini azinikezele.
• Ukuvikelwa kwentambo:Sebenzisa njalo-londolozayoizimbobo noma ama-plugs onI-electrodeNemicu yengono ngesikhathi sokugcina nokuphatha. Lokhu kuvimbela ukungcola kanye nomzimbaumonakalokulezi zindawo ezibucayi. Qinisekisa ukuthi ama-caps ngokwawo ahlanzekile.OkokunamathiselaIngasetshenziswa njengesilinganiso sesikhashana kepha qiniseka ukuthi ayishiyi izinsalela ezinamathela.
• Ukuphatha:
  • Sebenzisa njalo imishini yokuphakamisa ehlanzekile (ama-slings, ama-clamp,okokubambaamadivayisi). Qinisekisa ukuthi imishini yokuphakamisa ayingenisi amafutha noma ukungcola. Ama-plugs athile wokuphakamisa lokhokulufakuI-electrodeisokhethi livame ukusetshenziselwa ama-electrodes amakhulu.
  • Nciphisa ukuphatha. Hlela ukunyakaza ukugwema ukuthutha okungadingekile.
  • Izisebenzi eziphatha ama-electrodec kufanele zigqoke amagilavu ​​ahlanzekile ukuvikela ukudlulisaAmafutha namanzinoma ukungcola ezandleni zabo.
• Ukuhlukaniswa:Uma kungenzeka, gcina ama-electrodes amasha ahlukanisayo asetshenzisiwe noma aqediwe ngokwengxenye ukuvikela ukungcoliswa kokuwela.
• Ukulawulwa Kwemvelo:Ezicelo ezibucayi (njengezihlanjululwa zeI-ElectrochemicalUkusebenza noma ukucubungula komsebenzi), gcina izilawuli zemvelo eziqinile zokunciphisa izinhlayiyana zomoya.

Ukusebenzisa lezi zinqubo ezilula kodwa ezisebenzayo zokugcina kanye nezinqubo zokuphatha kunganciphisa kakhulu isidingo sokuhlanza okukhulu, kudluleI-electrodeImpilo, qinisekisa ukusebenza okungaguquki, futhi uvikele izindlekoukunyanezela ukuhlangabezananoma izindaba zokusebenza. Njengomnikazi wefektri (njengami, u-Allen), sigcizelela le mikhuba ngaphakathi futhi sikuncoma kakhulu kumakhasimende ethu njengoMark Thompson, obeka ukuthembeka nokusebenza kahle. Ukutshala imali ngaphakathiIzinto ze-graphite ezisezingeni eliphakemeyingxenye kuphela ye-equation; Ukunakekelwa okufanele kubalulekile ngokulinganayo.

10. Ngaphandle kokuhlanzwa: ukuhlola ukwelashwa okuthuthukile kwe-electrodes?

Ngenkathi ukuhlanzeka ngokucophelela kugcina izakhiwo zemvelo zeI-Graphite Electrode, Kwesinye isikhathi izinhlelo zokusebenza zifuna ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpawu zokusebenza. Lokhu kuholele ekuthuthukisweni kwezindlela zokwelashwa ezahlukahlukene ezithuthukile kanye nokuguqulwa. Lokhu kudlula nje kuhlanzangaphandlefuthi ihlose ukuguqula okuyisisekelo kwayoimpahlaIphrofayili yezinzuzo ezithile. AkehlolaIzibonelo ezimbalwa:

• I-Anti-Oxidation Coatings:I-graphite ivame ukukhiyaemazingeni okushisa aphezulu phambi komoya, okuholela ekukhuphukeniukudliwa, ikakhulukazi kuma-EAFS noma ezinye izinqubo zokushisa eziphakeme. Kusetshenziswa izigqoko ezikhethekile (e.g., kususelwa ku-anziniI-Carbide, i-Alumina, noma ezinye izinto zokwakha kabusha) ingadala isithiyo esivikelayo, ukunciphisa kakhulu ukulahleka kwe-oxidation kanye nokunwetshwaI-electrodeImpilo. Lezi zimbozo zidinga ukuthi zikhethwe ngokucophelela ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthi azithobisi ngokungemuciko ukuqina kukagesi noma ukungcolisa okuncibilikayo.
• Ukusebenza komhlaba (i-electrochemical):IngomaneI-ElectrochemicalUkuzwa nokuCatalysis, TheI-Graphite Electrode ngaphandlekungashintshwa ngamabomu ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kwawo. Lokhu kungafaka:
  • I-Electrochemicalukubekwa kwe-temaleama-nanoparticles (njengegolide noma iplatinamu) ukuze anciphise ukusabela okuthile.
  • Ukunamathiselwa okusheshayo kwama-molecule athile noma ama-polymers ukudala amasayithi akhethiwe wokubopha ukuze ahlaziywe.
  • Ukwelashwa kwe-Plasma ukwethula amaqembu athile asebenzayo (njenge-oksijini noma amaqembu ama-nitrogen) aguqula amandla okusebenzisa amandla nokuxhumana neI-electrolytenoma abaphendulayo.
    Lokhu kuguqulwa kuhlose ukuthuthukisa ukuzwela, ukukhetha, noma amanani okusabela ngokukhethekileI-ElectrochemicalIzilinganiso, ukucindezela imingcele ngaphezu kwalokho okululaI-Graphite Electrodeingafinyelela. Sivame ukubona aumkhubamaqondana neklanyelwe ngokwengeziweindawo ye-electrodekuthuthukile-ihlaziyachemistry.
• Ukufakwa kabusha:Amabanga athile we-graphite angafakwa ezintweni ezinjengama-resins noma i-pitch ngaphambi kokugcina kokugcina nokubhaka ukuze anciphise ukukhula futhi athuthukise amandla noma ukumelana ne-oxidation. Ngenkathi ngokujwayelekile ingxenye yenqubo yokukhiqiza, ukwelashwa kwangemva kokufaka phakathi kwezinto ezithile (njengethusi lokusebenza okuthuthukile kwezicelo ezithile ze-niche, noma i-antimony yokuphikiswa kwe-niche) nazo noma zivame kakhuluama-electrodes we-graphite.

Lezi zindlela zokwelapha ezithuthukile zibonisa izixazululo ezikhethekile ezihambelana nezinselelo ezithile. Ngenkathi ukuhlanza okujwayelekile kugxile ekugcinweni kokusebenza kwesisekelo kwemikhiqizo efanaAma-electrodes we-UHP graphitenomaamabhlogo we-graphite, ukuguqulwa komhlaba okunikezela ngendlela eya kumakhono athuthukisiwe wezicelo ezifunwayo. Lokhu kuhlinzeka ngeguguukubona okusithekileyoekusungulweni okuqhubekayo ngaphakathi komkhakha we-graphite. Ukukhethwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwalezi zindlela zokwelapha kudinga ubuchwepheshe obukhulu bokuqinisekisa ukuthi baletha izinzuzo ozifisayo ngaphandle kokwethula izinkinga ezintsha.

Ukukhukhuleka okusemqoka kokuhlanza i-electrode kanye nokunakekelwa:

• Ukuhlanzeka kubalulekile:OkuhlanzekileI-Graphite Electrode ngaphandleibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kukagesi, okuphansiukudliwa, ukusebenza okungaguquki (kuma-EAFS), futhi kunembileI-ElectrochemicalIzilinganiso (abukhaliisiqongo sentaba, ethembekileisiboniso).
• Yazi okungonakaliwe kwakho:Khomba imithombo ebabazekayo (Amafutha namanzi, uthuli, izinsalela zenqubo) ukukhetha indlela yokuhlanza efanele.
• Sebenzisa amathuluzi afanele:Sebenzisa amabhulashi athambile, izindwangu zamahhala ze-lint, ama-solvents afanele (i-IPA, i-acetone, amanzi e-di), kanye negiya lokuphepha. Gwema izenzo zomshini ezinokhahlo ngaphandle kokuthi kudingeke futhi zenziwe ngokucophelela.
• Landela inqubo yendlela:Hlola, womilehlanza (umoya ocindezelwe),geza(Solvent Sula / hlambulula), yomile kahle, futhi uhlole kabusha. Vikela imicu.
• Cabanga nge-ultrasonic kancane:Ilusizo ekuhlanzeni okujulile kepha ukusetshenziswa ngokuqapha ukuvikelaumonakalo. Isikhathi sokulawula futhixukuzaWell.
• I-Electrochemical Prep iqinile:Dinga polishing (Alumina /idayimani), ukugcwala ngokuphelele, kaningiuhlobo lwe-ultrasonicukuhlanza, futhi kwesinye isikhathiI-Electrochemicalukusebenza ukuze kufinyelelwe kabushangaphandle. Gada nge-CVisiqongo sentabaukuhlaziywa.
• Vimbela ukulimala:Phatha ngokucophelela, vikela imicu, sebenzisa okulungileuthembisi, Gwema ukushaqeka okushisayo, bese uhlola ukuhambisana kwamakhemikhali. Ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka kubalulekile.
• Qinisekisa Ukuhlanzeka:Sebenzisa ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo, ukusula izivivinyo, kanyeI-Electrochemicalumsebenzi, ukuhlolwa kwe-CV.
• Gcina futhi uphathe kahle:Gcina ama-electrodes ahlanzeke, esomile, avikelwe (ikakhulukazi imicu), futhi aphathe imishini ehlanzekile / amagilavu ​​ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kabusha.
• Izindlela zokwelapha ezithuthukisiwe zikhona:I-Coatings kanye nokusebenza kungathuthukisa izakhiwo ezinjenge-oxidation ukumelana nomaI-Electrochemicalumsebenzi wezidingo ezithile.

Ngokusebenzisa le mihlahlandlela, abasebenzisi beama-electrodes we-graphiteUngaqinisekisa ukuthi bathola ukusebenza okungcono kakhulu kanye nokuphila okuvela kulezi zinto ezibucayi, ukunciphisa izindaba zokusebenza kanye nokukhulisa ukusebenza kahle.