Kutheni le nto i-elektroniki ifuna ukufaka endaweni yezixhobo ze-ARC?

Igrafu eleckiterodes ngamaqhawekazi angaphandle kwiziko le-ARC eliqatha le-ARC Baphethe izixa ezikhulu zombane ezinyibilikisayo ukunyibilika intsimbi okanye intsimbi ecocekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zinto zibalulekileyo azihlali ngonaphakade. Ukuqonda ukuba kutheniI-Electroses Electrodes Ukutshintshwa rhoqoIqhosha lokugcina ngokufanelekileyoisithando somlilo ukusebenza, qinisekisa ukuba umgangatho wemveliso, kunye nokulawula iindleko zokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Eli nqaku ligqogqwithela linzulu kwizizathu ezisengozinii-electrode ukuselwa, zizinto zangenza, kwaye kutheni ixesha elifanelekileyoukutshintshwaayisiyonto nje yesondlo, kodwa yimfuneko yobuchule kuye nabani na osebenzayoIziko le-ARC, ngakumbi iingcali njengophawu lwe-thompson e-USA oxhomekeke ekufumaneni umgangatho ophezuluigrafuiimveliso zeemayile zentsimbi kunye neziseko. Fumanisa ukuba ulawula njani akhoigrafu electrodeImpembelelo yobomi obunefuthe kumgca wakho ongezantsi.

1. Ithini kanye kanye le nto igrafikhi yegraphite kunye nendima yayo kwiziko?

A igrafu electrodeI-rod enkulu, i-cylindrical ye-cylindrical yenziwa ngokuyintloko ukusuka kwi-Petroleum ephezulu ye-Petroleum, inaliti ye-Coke, kunye neCoal Tall hinder. Ezi zixhobo zixutywe, zibhakiwe, zibhakwe, zibhakwe kwakhona, kwaye ekugqibeleni zifakwe kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu (malunga ne-3000 ° C). Le nkqubo inikai-electrodeIipropathi zayo ezizodwa nezibalulekileyo: IlungileUkuqhutywa kombane, i-thermal ephezuluUkunganyangeki kothusayo, kwaye amandla okumelana neUbushushu obukhulungaphakathiIsiko le-ARC le-ARC. Iprayimari yaboumsebenzikukusebenza njengesebenzaIndlela yendlela, ephethe umbane omkhuluamandlaukusuka kumthombo wamandla ezantsi kwiisithando somlilo.

Ngaphakathi kwiisithando somlilo, incam yei-electrodekudala amandlai-arc yombanengentlawulo yentsimbi (i-scrapintsimbiokanye enyeintsimbi) okanye i-moltenintsimbiUkuhlamba. Lei-arc yombaneInika into emangalisayoubushushu-Ihlala ngaphezulu kwe-3000 ° C (i-5,400 ° F)-yona iyimfunekonyibilikaItyala eliqinileyo okanyei-smeltkwaye hlaziya iulwelo intsimbi. Cinga ngayo njenge-giant giant giant rod ye-rod yenzelwe ukunyibilika iitoni zeintsimbi. Ngaphandle kwezielectroder kunye negrafuizinto,Isiko le-ARC le-ARCayikwazangasebenzaokanye ufikelele kwiubushushuifunekayo ukuze kwenziwe ienkululeko kunye nezinye iinkqubo zentsimbi. Zibalulekile kwiukusebenza.

Ukhetho lweigrafunjengeisixhoboiyabodwa.IgrafuGcina amandla ayo kwaphelaamaqondo obushushu aphezulu, yenza umbane ngokufanelekileyo (Phantsiukumelana), kunye nokuhambisa ngokukhawulezaubushushuUtshintsho (i-thermalwothuka) Ngaphandle kokuqhekeka ngokulula. Amanqanaba ahlukeneyo akhona, njengombane oqhelekileyo (i-RP), amandla aphezulu (i-HP), kunye ne-Ultra-ephezuluisithando somliloiintlobo. AI-Ultra-ephezulu yamandla e-Iltradeyenzelwe ezona zinto zifunwayoIziko le-ARC, ukuhambisa ezantsiUkuxhathisa kombanekunye nokuthuka okuphezulu kokukhulisa ukukhulula ukunyibilikaukusebenza kakuhle.

I-2. Eyona nto ingenakufikeleleka: Kutheni le nto ukusetyenziswa kwe-elektrotictrode?

Ngaphandle kwetyala labo,igrafu electronikizizinto ezinokuthengiswa. Bonakufuneka itshintshwengamaxesha athile kuba ngokuthe ngcembe bafumana amafutshane kwaye bancipha ngexeshaisithando somlilo ukusebenza. LeukuselwaIsiphumo esingenakuthintelwa kwimo engqongqo esebenzayo.ubushushuyei-arc yombane,ikhemikhaliUkuphendula ngegesi kunye ne-slag ngaphakathiisithando somlilo, kunye noxinzelelo lomzimba zonke zinegalelo kwindlela enxiba kancinciigrafu isixhobo. Ayisiyontoukubaai-electrodeiya kudliwa, kodwaninikwayeKhawuleza kangakanani.

Ukuyiqonda loo ntoukuselwaI-Internege ibalulekile ekucwangcisweni nasekuhlaleni. Ukuzama ukwandisa ubomi bei-electrodeNgaphaya kwendawo yayo efanelekileyoNyusaIindleko ngokubanzi zincitshisiweukusebenza kakuhle, umonakalo onokubakho kwizixhobo, kunye nomgangatho ophantsiintsimbiimveliso. Iilahlekoyeigrafukwenzeka ikakhulu ngeendlela ezimbini: Ingcebisoukuselwa(Ukupheliswa kunyeimpendulokwi-arc) kunye ne-seabellukuselwa(oxidation). Siza kuphonononga ezi nkcukacha ngakumbi.

Eyona nto ithambileyo yileigrafu electrode ukuselwayinxalenye eqhelekileyo yeIsiko le-ARC le-ARCinkqubo. Izinto ezifana noMgangatho wei-electrodengokwayo, iisithando somliloIiparamitha zokuSebenza (I-Voltage, okwangoku), uhlobo lweintsimbiUkuveliswa, kwaye ubuchule babaqhubi bonke badlala indima kwindlela ekhawulezayoi-electrodeisetyenziswa. Ke ngoko, ucwangcisaUkutshintshwa rhoqoibalulekile kwaye isebenza ngokufanelekileyoukusebenza.

3. Ihlala njani i-electrodes? Ukwaphula imithombo yendlela yokulahleka kwe-elektrode.

Igrafu electrode ukuselwaayisiyonkqubo enye kodwa endaweni yokuba indibaniselwano yezinto ezisebenza kunye kwi-godyisithando somlilookusingqongileyo. Ukuqonda ezi ndlela ezincedayo ekuchongeni iindlela ezinokubakhoukunciphisainqanaba leilahleko.

• Ukusetyenziswa kwengcebiso (ukuqaqanjelwa kunye nokuphendula):Inqaku lei-electrode, aphoi-arc yombaneIifom, zinamava ezona meko zigqithisileyo.

  • Ukukhanya:Kwi-ARCamaqondo obushushu aphezulu(Ukufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-3000 ° C), uqinileigrafuayenzinyibilika; Ijika ngokuthe ngqo kwigesi (iflaphu). Olu phawu luqhubekayo luyahamba kancinci kancincii-electrodeicebisoubude.
  • Ukuphendula kwamachiza:UbunzuluubushushuKukwakhuthazaikhemikhaliUkuphendula phakathi kweikhabhonikwiigrafukunye nezinto kwi-slag okanye inyibilikisiweintsimbiUkuhlamba. Oku kwenzeni iigesi njengekhabhoni ye-carbon, enye ichitha ii-electrodeIngcebiso.

• Ukusetyenziswa kwecala (i-oxidation):Amacala ei-electrodeIkholamu yandisa ngaphezulu kwebhafu ye-molten ivezwa kukushushuisithando somliloImozulu, equlatheioksijini(ukusuka kwi-Ingress yomoya okanye inkqubo yokuphendula).

  • I-oxidation:Kwiamaqondo obushushu aphezulu,ikhabhonikwiigrafuI-ReadsioksijiniukwenzaikhabhoniI-Dioxide (CO2) kunye ne-carbon monoxide (CO) yegesi. Oku "kutsha" kudeigrafuukusuka kumacala, ukunciphisa ii-electrodeUbubanzi. Oku kuhlala kunjaloubukhuluIcandelo leUkusetyenziswa kwe-electrode, ngamanye amaxesha inika ingxelo ngaphezulu kwe-50% yeyonkeilahleko. Ixabiso le-oxidation lithandaNyusaNgokuphatheke kakhuluubushushukwaye omkhuluioksijiniukubakho.

• Ukwahlula kunye nokuphelisa:Ngelixa incinci iqhubeka kune-tiki kunye ne-seabewallukuselwa, ukonakaliswa komzimba kunokubangela ukuba ibalulekile kwaye ngequbulisoIlahleko ye-electrode.

  • I-thermal yothuka:I-heatid ekhawulezayo okanye imijikelezo yokupholisa, ngakumbi xa amandla etshintshelwe / engekho ngokukhawuleza okanye xa epholileintsimbiungeneuqhagamshelongeshushui-electrode. I-thermal ephezuluUkunganyangeki kothusayoyinto ephambili esemgangathweni.
  • Uxinzelelo lomatshini:Ukuphathwa gadalala ngexeshaufakelookanyeukutshintshwa, umqolomba we-scrap ngaphakathiisithando somliloUkubetha ii-electrode, okanye ukuntywila kakhulu kunokubakhokelelaukwahlula. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukudibanisa okungalunganga (ukudibanisa ai-electrode entshaIcandelo) linokwenza amanqaku abuthathaka.
  • Ukuqhekeka komphezulu:Ukuqhekeka okungaphantsi komhlaba, okunokwenzeka ukuba kuvela kwimveliso okanye ukuphatha, kunokusasaza phantsi koxinzelelo kwayeubushushu, ekugqibeleni ibangela iqhekeza elikhulu okanyeukuqhekeka.

UkulawulaUkusetyenziswa kwe-electrodekubandakanya ukujongana nazo zonke ezi zinto, ukusuka ekusebenziseni umgangatho ophezuluelectrodesngokulungileyoUkunganyangeki kothusayoukwenza i-enderisithando somliloUkuziqhelanisa nokuqinisekisa ukuphatha ngononophelo kwayeufakelo.

4. Zeziphi izinto eziphambili eziphambili eziphembelela inqanaba lokusetyenziswa kwe-electrode?

Ireyithi aphoigrafu electrodeigqityiwe ayibekwanga; Ihluka kakhulu kwizinto ezininzi ezidityanisiweyo. Ukuqonda ezi zinto kunokubanakhoNcedaAbasebenzi kunye nabaphathi bempahla yokuthenga njengabaphawu lenza izigqibo ezinolwazi.

• Umgangatho we-electrode:Le yeyona nto iphambili.

  • Ukucoceka kwempahla kunye nolwakhiwo: Electrodesyenziwe kwi-Coke ephezulu ye-COKE nge-iyunifomu efanayo iphantsiUkuxhathisa kombanekunye ne-thermal elungileyoUkunganyangeki kothusayo, ekhokelela ezantsiukuselwa. Ukungcola kunokubaNyusa ukumelanakunye nokuzithoba kwi-oxidation. Yiyo le nto ifumana i-go edumeUmzi mveliso wegrafikhiUkubambelela kwimigangatho yehlabathi kubalulekile.
  • Ukuxinana:Ukuxinana okuphezulu kuhlala kuthetha ukumelana ngcono kwi-oxidation.
  • Indlela yomatshiniImisonto emayithwe kakubi kwii-electrodekunye nokudibanisa i-nipple cankhokelelaUkukhuphela amalungu ahlanganisiweyo, umbane ophezuluukumelanaeuqhagamsheloInqaku, ukugxeka kakhulu, kunye nokuqhawuka okukhoyo.

• Imithanga yokuSebenza yokuSebenza:Njaniisithando somliloukuqhuba iimpembelelo ngqoi-electrodeUbomi.

  • Ukuxinana okwangoku:Imithwalo ephezulu yombane (ngakumbi ixilongo ngokugqithileyo)NyusaI-CIP STIMOKICHIAubushushu, ukukhawulezisaukuselwa. Isebenza kwiilunge ngakumbi I-Voltagekunye neprofayili yangoku yenqanaba elithile lenyibilikaisitshixo.
  • Ubude be-ARC kunye nozinzo:Isitali, ngokufanelekileyoi-arc yombaneisebenza ngakumbi kwaye iyonakalisa ngaphezu kokutshintsha kakhulu okanye i-arc emfutshane kakhulu, enakhoNyusa ubushushutshintshela kwii-sedewalls kwayeNyusa ukuselwa.
  • Ukusetyenziswa kweoksijini:Izenzo ezifana neoksijini (impahlaioksijiniukukhawulezisa ukunyibilika okanye ukucocwa)NyusaIndawo ye-oxidage, ekhawulezileyo ye-handorwallukuselwa. Ulawulo ngononophelo luyafuneka.
  • Amandla-ngexeshaNgamafutshane, ixesha elideisithando somliloisebenza phantsi kwegunya, ixesha elininzii-electrodeichitha ichithwe. Amaxesha afanelekileyo e-Tap-to-Tap Ads (iphela iphela ixesha elinye le-btch enyeintsimbi) Nceda ukunciphisakuko konkeukuselwangetoni nganye yeintsimbi.

• Iimeko zeTource kunye neNdawo:

  • Umgangatho weScrap kunye neCrece:Ukukhanya kakhulu okanye i-scrap ye-SPROPkhokelelaUkungazinzi kwi-ArC kunye neflethi yokubethai-electrodeamacala. I-scrap enzima esiwa ngokungalindelekanga inokubangela ukwaphuka koomatshini.
  • Ukuziqhelanisa nokuziqhelanisa:Ukwakhiwa kunye nokukhala kwe-slag kugubungela i-moltenintsimbiunakhochaphazela ubushushui-radiation kwii-electrodeIindlela zendlela. I-slag elungileyo ye-slag inokuthi ikhuselekei-electrodekwayeukunciphisai-oxidation kunyeubushushu ilahleko.
  • Inkqubo yokukhuphela isitshixo:Inkqubo efanelekileyo ye-fume inceda ukulawula iisithando somliloImozulu kodwa inakho ukufota ngakumbi (ioksijini), ukukhula okunokubakho kwe-oxidation ukuba ayilungelelani ngokuchanekileyo.
  • Ukuvuza kwamanzi:Ukuvuza kwamanzi kwiisithando somlilo(E.G., ukusuka kwiiphaneli zokupholisa) zinokuphendula ngokuqatha kwayeNyusaamandla okuqina kwemozulu, enzakalisa ii-electrode.

Ngokuzibandakanya ngononophelo ezi zinto, abenzi beebhisi banokusebenza ekuphenduleni iinkqubo zaboukunciphisangokungeyomfunekoUkusetyenziswa kwe-electrodekunye neendleko zokusebenza ezisezantsi. Oku kuhlala kubandakanya indibaniselwano yokusebenzisa umgangatho olungileyoi-electrodeUmsebenzi kunye nokuhamba kakuhleisithando somliloiindlela zokuziphatha.

5. Ngaba unako ukwenza imisebenzi ichaphazela ilahleko ye-electrode?

Ngokuqinisekileyo. Ngelixai-electrodeUmgangatho ocwangcisa isiseko sentsebenzo enokubakho, iinkqubo zokusebenza kwemihla ngemihla ngaphakathi kwesityalo sensimbi okanye i-walery inefuthe elikhulu kwinyaniigrafu electrode ukuselwakwaye irhoqoyeukutshintshwa. Iinkcukacha ezibonakala zincinci kwindlelaisithando somliloiyasebenza kwaye njanielectrodesziphathwe zinokongeza umahluko obalulekileyo kwii-electrodeUbomi kwaye bulonkeukusebenza kakuhle. Ukuziphatha kakubi kunokungakhathaleli izibonelelo zokusebenzisa iprimiyamui-electrode, ekhokelela kwiindleko eziphezulu kunye nokuphazamiseka okunokwenzeka.

Qwalaselaindibanokwayeufakeloinkqubo. Ukujoyinai-electrodeamacandelo afuna ukuchaneka nokukhathalela.

• Ucoceko: Qinisekisa ukuba i-electrodeIicwecwe kunye nemisonto ye-nipple igqibeleleicocekilengaphambi kokujoyina. Ubumdaka okanye ubugebenga bungathintela ngokufanelekileyouqhagamshelo, ekhokelela phezuluukumelanaUkuxabana kakhulu ngokudibeneyo, okunokubangela ukuba kukhulule,ukuqhekeka, okanye usilele ngexeshaukusebenza.
• Torque:Ukufaka isicelo seTorque eqinisekisiweyo esebenzisa i-termic yenkungu imbi kakhulu. Ukuqina okungaphezulu kukhokelela kumbane ohluphekayouqhagamshelonokugxeka kakhulu. Ukuqina okungaphezulu kunokugxininisaigrafukwaye ubangele isokethi okanye ingotshiintamboukuyaukuqhekekaokanye umhluzi, okhokelela ekungaphumlweni okudibeneyo. Ukulandela inkcazo yomenzi kukungqongqoimfuneko.
• Ulungelelwaniso:Ukuqinisekisa iephezulu nangaphantsi i-electrodeAmacandelo ahambelana ngokufanelekileyo ngexeshaindibanoThintela uxinzelelo olungafanelekanga kwihlazo phakathiukusebenza.

Ngexesha lokunyibilika ngokwayo, izenzo zomsebenzi ziyintloko:

• UMmiselo we-ARC:Abasebenzi abanobuchule basebenzisa iisithando somliloUlawulo kwigcinaizinzilei-arc yombane, uhlengahlengisoi-electrodeisikhundla,I-Voltage, kwaye okwangoku ngokufanelekileyo kwinyibilikaumjikelo. Ukuphepha ii-ARC ezinde kakhulu (ezihla ngaphezuluubushushuukuya kwicala lendlela) okanye ii-ARC ezifutshane (ezinokubangela ukuba ukuchitheka okwangoku) kunceda ukunciphisaukuselwa.
• I-Scrap Curse:Ukhathalelo lwe-scrapintsimbiUkuthintela iimpembelelo ezinzima kwielectrodeskuthintela ukwaphuka koomatshini. Intlawulo ethunyelweyo iphakamisa ukunyibilika okuzinzileyo.
• I-foamy strag strag:Ukugcina umaleko olungileyo, onzulu we-slagy slag ekhazimlayoelectrodesukusuka kwimitha ye-arc kwayeioksijini, ukunciphisa kakhulu icebiso kunye ne-seabellukuselwa. Oku kufuna ukulawulwa ngononophelo kongezelelo lwe-slag.
• Iinkqubo zombane:Sebenzisa iiprofayili zombane ezifanelekileyo ezihambelana nenqanaba lokunyibilikisa (E.G., ukuBonisa, ukunyibilika, ukucocwa) kuqinisekisa ngokufanelekileyoamandlaSebenzisa kwaye kuthintela uxinzelelo olungafunekiyo kwielectrodes. Iinguqu ezikhawulezayo zombane kufuneka zincitshisweukunciphisai-thermalwothuka.
• Ulungiso:Rhoqoisondloyei-electrodeAbanini mabanini, kwaye inkqubo yokubeka iqinisekisa umbane olungileyouqhagamshelokunye nolawulo oluchanekileyo, ukunciphisaUkusetyenziswa kwamandlanokuthintela iingxaki. Ukuvuza kwamanzi kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ngokukhawuleza.

Le mizekelo ibonisa ngononopheloukusebenzakwayeisondloayizizo iindlela zokhetho kodwa izinto eziyimfuneko zokulawulaUkusetyenziswa kwe-electrode. Ukutyala kuqeqesho loqeqesho kunye nokubambelela kwizenzo ezingconoukunciphisaiisixa sexeshaai-electrodeihlala kwaye inciphise iindleko ziyonke ngetoni nganye yeintsimbiivelisiwe.

6. Kutheni le nto ingeniswe rhoqo ngaphezulu kokulungiswa nje? Into esebenzayo.

Ukucingaigrafu electrode ukutshintshwakuphela njengesiqheloisondloUmsebenzi uphosa umfanekiso omkhulu. Ngelishwa nangokufanelekileyoukutshintshwaIhambelana ngokuukusebenza kakuhle, imveliso, kunye nenzuzo yeIsiko le-ARC le-ARC ukusebenza. Ukulibazisekaukutshintshwaokanye usebenzisa ii-electrodeIdlule ixesha lokuphila kwayo eliphezulu linokubonakala ngathi lisindisa imali kwixesha elifutshane, kodwa ihlala ikhokelela kwiindleko ezinkulu kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kumgca.Ukutshintshwa rhoqosisigqibo sobuchule esichaphazela izinto ezininzi zemveliso.

Okokuqala,ukusebenza kakuhlehinges kwii-electrodeUkukwazi ukuqhuba umbane ngeilahleko. Njengei-electrodeSinxiba, ububanzi bayo buhle, kwaye ubume bezibamba zayo bunokuba yi-upboptimal. Umncincii-electrodeiphezuluUkuxhathisa kombane, intsingiselo ngakumbiamandlailahlekile njengokoubushushungaphakathi kwii-electrodengokwayo kunokuba zisiwe ngokufanelekileyo kwinyibilika. LeNyusangaphakathiukumelanaUnganyanzelaisithando somliloUkuzoba amandla amaninzi ukufezekisa umgangatho ofanayo wokunyibilika, okhokelela phezuluUkusetyenziswa kwamandlangetoni nganye yeintsimbi. Ukutshintsha ii-electrodeUkuqinisekisa ukuba isekethe yombane lihlala lisebenza ngokufanelekileyo.

Okwesibini,i-electrodeImeko ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ichaphazela uzinzo lwe-ARC kwayeubushushutshintshela. Inxitywe okanye yonakelei-electrodeIngcebiso inokukhokelela kwindawo engazinzanga okanye ikhutshiwei-arc yombane. Oku kunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kweubushushutshintshela kwiintsimbiUkuhlamba kwaye ungonyukaubushushu ilahlekoukuya eludongeni lwezixhobo, eluphahleni, olonakalisa uxanduva. I-ARC engazinzanga ikwanokwenza inkqubo ilawule nzima ngakumbi. Ukufaka ii-electrode entshaIcandelo libuyisela iJometri efanelekileyo ye-ARC eqinileyo, egxilengokufanelekileyoukunyibilika kunye nokucoca.

Okwesithathu, ukulibazisaukutshintshwayonyusa umngcipheko wei-electrodeukwaphuka. Inxitywe kakhulu okanye iqhekekilei-electrodeKunokwenzeka kakhulu ukungaphumeleli ngokwenyani ngexesha lokusebenza. Ai-electrodeikhefu linokubangela ixesha lokuphumla elibalulekileyoUkususa i-electrodesiziqwenga ezivela kwiisithando somlilo, umonakalo onokubakho kwiisithando somlilongokwayo,ungcolisekoyeintsimbiUkuhlamba ngamaqhekeza amakhuluikhabhoni, kunye neengozi zokhuseleko. Ixabiso lemveliso elahlekileyo kunye nokulungiswa okunokubakho kude kube ngoku kuneendleko zexesha elifanelekileyoukutshintshwa. Ukutshintshwa rhoqoNgokusekwe kwiishedyuli zokubeka esweni kunye neeshedyuli ezicwangcisiweyo zinceda ukuthintela ezi ziganeko zixabisekileyo. Ke ngoko, ukumisela ngokucacileyoukutshintshwa intoNgokusekwe kwi-on yokunxiba kunye nedatha yokusebenza sisitshixo kwigcinaImveliso engaguqukiyo.

7. Zithini imiqondiso yentetho yokuba i-elektrode yefomati kufuneka itshintshwe?

Abaqhubi kunye nezikhungo zokulungisa kufuneka ziphaphile ekujongeni imeko yeigrafu electronikiukufumanisa ixesha elifanelekileyoukutshintshwa. Ngelixa ucwangcisiweukutshintshwaesekwe kumndililiukuselwaIirhafu ziqhelekileyo, uhlolo olubonakalayo kunye nokubeka iliso kwiiparamitha zokusebenza zingaveza imiqondiso ukubai-electrodeicandelokufuneka itshintshweKungekudala ukuze ugcineukusebenza kakuhlekunye nokuthintela ukusilela. Ilinde ii-electrodeukwaphula icebo elingapheliyo.

Nazi ezinye zezalathiso eziphambili:

• Ukusetyenziswa okukhulu kwe-CHIP / "ipenile":Ngelixaukuselwayinto eqhelekileyo, ukuba ii-electrodeI-TIP iqala ukunxiba phantsi kumlo obukhali kakhulu, osingisayo (njengepensile), ibonisa iimeko ezinokubakho ze-ARC okanye umsebenzi onqabileyo. Le meko inokukhokelela ekusasazeni okungekho mgangathweni kunye nokwanda komngcipheko wokwaphula umthetho. Inokutyikitya isidingo sokuphonononga iinkqubo zokusebenza okanyebuyiselaIcandelo.
• Ukuncitshiswa okukhulu kububanzi:Ukuthandwa okuqalisiweyo kwei-electrodeIkholamu ngenxa yesecaleni i-oxivical inciphisa i-oxcody yayo yangoku kunye namandla omatshini. Imigangatho ihlala ichaza ubuncinci bokhuseleko olukhuselekileyo. Kanyei-electrodeICandelo lisondela lo mda,ukutshintshwaiyimfuneko. Ukubeka iliso kububanzi beixeshainceda ukuxela kwangaphambiliukutshintshwainqaku.
• Izinto ezibonakalayo:Naziphi na izinto ezibonakalayo, nokuba inde (ecaleni kweubude) okanye ukutshintsha (ngaphaya kobubanzi), ziimpawu ezinzulu zesilumkiso. Ii-cecks zinokusasaza ngokukhawuleza phantsi koxinzelelo lwe-thermal kunye noomatshini, ezikhokelela ekungaphumlweni ngesiquphe. Nditsho neendlela ezincinci zokubeka iliso ezisondeleyo, kwaye ezona zibalulekileyo zinyanzelisa kwangokoukutshintshwa. I-thermalwothukayi-celprit eqhelekileyo.
• Ukonakalisa okanye ukonakala komhlaba:Ii-chunks zeigrafuilahlekile kwiumphezulu. Ii-gougs ezinzulu ezivela kwiimpembelelo ze-SCRAP zinokwenza amanqaku anoxinzelelo. Umonakalo obalulekileyo wezai-electrodekwaye ifunaukutshintshwa.
• Ukugxeka ngokudibeneyo:I-discolorication okanye iqaqambile kwindawo edibeneyo phakathii-electrodeamacandelo abonisa ukuphakamaUkuxhathisa kombaneeuqhagamsheloinqaku. Oku kunokuba ngenxa yokucoca okungafanelekanga ngexeshaufakelo, i-qilique engalunganga, okanye intambo eyonakalisiweyo. I-Gradiant edibeneyo ayisebenzi kwaye umngcipheko ungaphumeleli; Unxibelelwano kufuneka lujongwe, kwaye lunokwenzeka amacandelo achaphazelekayo anokufunaukutshintshwa.
• IIMPENDULO ZOKUGCINAIindlela zokuhlola ezinjengokunyukaUkuxhathisa kombane, indlela engazinzanga ye-ARC (efuna ungenelelo rhoqo), okanye ukunyuka okungachazwanga ngaphakathiUkusetyenziswa kwamandlaIngalatha ngokungathanga ngqoi-electrodeImiba efuna uphando kunye nokubanakhoukutshintshwa.
• Ukufikelela kubude obuchazwe kwangaphambili:Kwimisebenzi emininzi,electrodeszisetyenziswa de bafikelele kwi-stu encinci eseleyoubude. Oku kuhlala kuchaziwe yimida yoomatshini yei-electrodeumnini okanye ukuqinisekisa okwaneleyoubudeIhlala ikhuselekile ngexeshaukutshintshwa.

Ukuhlolwa rhoqo, zombini ezibonakalayo kwaye zinokuba zisebenzisa izixhobo zokulinganisa, zidityaniswe nokubeka ilisoisithando somliloIdatha yokusebenza, zibalulekile ukuze zichonge ezi zibonakaliso ngokukhawuleza kwayeQinisekisa ukuba i-electrode ukutshintshwakwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba kuvela iingxaki.

8. Kufunelwa kangakanani igrafu electroutit

Irhoqoyeigrafu electrode ukutshintshwa-Ukuhle, ukongeza i-Ai-electrode entshaIcandelo eliya phezulu kwikholamu njengoko izidlelo ezingezantsi - ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimiba esithethe ngayo:isithando somliloUhlobo kunye nobukhulu, iindlela zokusebenza,i-electrodeumgangatho, kunye nohlobo lweintsimbiukuveliswa. Akukho mntu "ukuphendula-uqinisekile - yonke impendulo", kodwa sinokuthetha malunga nobubanzi obuqhelekileyo kunye nomxholo weUkusetyenziswa kwe-electrodeireyithi.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-electrodeihlala ilinganiswe kwiikhilogrems (kg) okanye iipawundi (lbs) zeigrafuItyiwe kwitoni nganye ye-metric (okanye itoni emfutshane) yolwelointsimbiIveliswa (kg / t okanye i-lbs / t). EqhelekileyoukuselwaAmaxabiso anokususela ku:

• Iziko le-ARC le-ARC le-ARC yoMbaneI-0.8 ukuya kwi-2,5 kg / t (1.6 ukuya kwi-5 lbs / t)
• Iziko le-DC LoocesI-0.6 ukuya kwi-1.8 kg / t (1.2 ukuya kwi-3.6 lbs / t)
• Iziko leLadle (LFS) (Amandla asezantsi, ukugxila ekuHlaleni):I-0.2 ukuya kwi-0.8 kg / t (i-0.4 ukuya kwi-1.6 lbs / t)
• Iziqithi ezindala okanye ezingafunekiyo, okanye ezo zinyibilikisi ezinzima:Amaxabiso anokuphakama kakhulu.

Ke, le nto iguqulela njaniukutshintshwa rhoqo? Makhe siqwalasele umzekelo:
I-UHP enkului-electrodeInokuba yi-600mm (i-intshi ezingama-24) ubukhulu kunye ne-2700mm (i-106 intshi) ubude, inobunzima obuyi-1600 kg. Ukuba aisithando somliloukuvelisa iitoni ezili-100 zeintsimbiUbushushu ngawo (i-batch) kwaye ineUkusetyenziswa kwe-electrodeInqanaba le-1.5 kg / t, litya i-150 kg yeigrafuUbushushu ngawo (100 t1.5 kg / t).
Ukuthatha isisindo esifanelekileyoi-electrodeIcandelo (Makhe siqikelele ubunzima be-1500 kg), kuya kuthatha malunga ne-10 heats (i-1500 kg / i-kg / i-kg / ubushushu). Ukubaisithando somliloUgqibezela ubushushu kwiyure nganye (i-Tap-to-Tap-Top Ixesha), ai-electrode entshaIcandelo liza kufuneka longezwe phantse iiyure ezili-10 zokusebenzaisigaba ngasinye *. Kuba i-effs iqhele ukuba inesithathui-electrodeIikholamu (isigaba), aukutshintshwa(ukongeza icandelo elitsha ukuya kwenye yeekholamu) kungenzeka malunga neeyure ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-4 zokusebenza kwenye indawo kwiziko.

Olu lubalo olufihlakeleyo, kwaye okwenyaniukutshintshwaIxesha lixhomekeke xa kuchaziwei-electrodeIkholamu ifikelela kwinqanaba elifunekayo ukongeza icandelo elitsha (ehlala ligqitywe ngokuhlalaubudengaphezulu komnini). IiShedyuli zoLondolozo, ixesha lokuphumla elicwangcisiweyo, kwaye imisitho engakhuselekanga nayo ichaphazela ixesha ngqo. Inqaku eliphambili yileukutshintshwayinkqubo eqhubekayo kwimisebenzi ye-EAF. Abaqhubingokuqhubekayojongai-electrode ubudekwaye yongeze amacandelo amatsha njengoko kufuneka, amaxesha amaninzi ngemini, ukuyagcinaiukusebenzayeIZiko loNcedo. Ke ngoko, ukuba nonikezo oluthembekileyo lwezinto eziphezuluelectrodesNjengalawo athembekileyoUmzi-mveliso wegrafikhiibalulekile ukuphepha ukuphazamiseka.

9. Yintoni ebandakanyekileyo kwinkqubo yokutshintshwa kwegraphite ye-elektroniki?

Ukutshintsha iigrafu electrodeIcandelo-Inkqubo yokongeza ii-electrode entshaPhezu kwekholamu ekhoyo-yinkqubo ebalulekileyo efuna ukuchaneka, ukhathalelo, kunye nokubambelela kwiiprotokholi zokhuseleko. Inikwe ubungakanani kunye nobunzima beelectrodeskunye nendawo eyingozi yeisithando somlilo, ukhuseleko yeyona nto iphambili. Ukuphatha okungafanelekanga okanyeufakeloinokukhokelela ekumonakaleni kwezixhobo, ukungasebenzi kakuhle (ngokuphakamaukumelanaAmalungu), okanye iingozi ezibi. Phawula i-Thompson, ukujongana nezinto kunye nomgangatho wemveliso, kungakukhumbula ukubaluleka kweenkqubo ezifanelekileyo okuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso isebenza njengoko kulindelwe ukuba kufikeufakelo.

Inkqubo yesiqhelo ibandakanya amanyathelo aliqela:

1. Ukulungiselela:

   • Ii-electrode entshaicandelo, gcwalisa nge-NIPLE YOKUQHELEKILEYOisithando somliloindawo esebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuphakamisa (i.G., ngaphezulu kwe-crane enebheyile ekhethekileyo ephakamisayo esebenzayoi-electrodeisokisi).
   • Isokethi ephezulu yendawo ekhoyoi-electrodeikholamu kwiisithando somlilo(Lowo ufunaukutshintshwa) ilungiselelwe. Amandla acinyiwe, kwayei-electrodeIkholamu ihlala iphakanyisiwe. Nasiphi na isiqendu eseleyo se-nipple kwicandelo elisetyenzisiweyo elisetyenzisiweyo linokufuna ukususwa.
   • Ngqongqo, zombini intambo yesokheke kwikholamu ekhoyo ye-electrode kunye nemisonto ye-nipple (kunye nemisonto yesket (kunye nemisonto yesket ukuba i-nipple yahlukile) kwi-elektrode entsha kufuneka icocwe kakuhle.Umoya oxinzelelweyo uhlala udla ngokutsala naluphi na uthuli,igrafuamasuntswana, okanye inkunkuma. Namasuntswana amancinci anokuphazamisa ukukhula okufanelekileyo kwayeNyusaumbaneukumelana.

2. Ukujoyina ("ukongeza" i-electrode):

   • Ii-electrode entshaICandelo liphakanyisiwe ngononophelo kwaye libekwe ngqo ngqo kwikholamu ekhoyo.
   • Kukwehla kancinci, kuqinisekisa ukungqinelana okuthe nkqo, ke imijelo ye-nipple ibandakanyeka kakuhle kunye nemisonto yesokisi yekholamu engezantsi. Ukugqobhoza kufuneka kuthintelwe kuzo zonke iindleko njengoko kuyonakalisa iigrafukwaye uthintele unxibelelwano olukhuselekileyo.
   • Ii-electrode entshaijikelezwe ngelo xesha (ihlala ngokwemthethweni) ukuqinisa uqhagamshelo.

3. Ukuhamba:

   • Nje ukuba i-ten-tit-titter (okanye i-snug), inkqubo ekhethekileyo ye-Torque esetyenzisiweyo isetyenziselwa ukusebenzisa itotali efanelekileyo echazwe yii-electrodeumvelisi. Le yeyona nqanaba libalulekileyo.
   • I-torque ichaza ngokufanelekileyouqhagamshelouxinzelelo phakathi kwei-electrodeubuso kunye ne-nipple, ukunciphisaUkuxhathisa kombanekwaye yandise amandla omatshini wokudibana. I-torque encinci kakhulu ikhokelela ekugqityweni nasekukhululekileyo; I-torque kakhuluukuqhekekaii-electrodeisokisi okanye i-nipple.

4. Itsheki yokugqibela:

   • Uhlolo olubonakalayo luqinisekisa i-dibanise ihlangezwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ilungelelaniswe.
   • Izixhobo zokuphakamisa ziyasuswa.
   • Ii-electrodeIkholamu inokuthi emva koko inyibilike ibe sisikhundla, kwayeisithando somlilo ukusebenzainokuphinda iqhubeke ikhuselekile.

Kuyo yonke le nkqubo, abasebenzi mabasebenzise izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zobuqu (PPE), landela iinkqubo zokhuseleko zokusebenza kufutshane neisithando somlilokunye nokuphatha imithwalo enzima, kwaye uqinisekise ngonxibelelwano olucacileyo phakathi kwe-crane ocrerator kunye neisithando somliloIqela lomgangatho. Uqeqesho olufanelekileyo kwiUkususa i-electrodeskunye nokwenza izinto kubalulekile. Inkqubo ye-medicauming iqinisekisai-electrodeisebenza ngokuchanekileyo,Ukuqhutywa kombaneigcinwa, kwaye umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli ngokudibeneyo ngexesha lokufunai-smeltUmjikelo uncitshisiwe.

10. Ngaphaya kokutshintshwa: Unokwenza njani ukuba wenze njani ubomi obangelwa ngumbane kwaye unciphise ukusetyenziswa?

NgelixaUkutshintshwa rhoqoyeigrafu electronikiayinakuthintelwa, abaqhubi abaqhubi kunye nabaphathi banokusebenzisa izicwangciso ezahlukeneyo zokwandisa ixesha labo lokuphila kunyeukunciphisaiyonkeUkusetyenziswa kwe-electrodeinqanaba (kg / t). Ukunciphisaukuselwangokuthe ngqo kwiindleko eziphantsi zokusebenza, ziphuculweukusebenza kakuhle, kwaye kuncitshiswe impembelelo yendalo. Oku kufuna indlela epheleleyo, ukujonga yonke into ekwiiko yokusebenza kwiziko.

• Umthombo oPhezulu we-Electros:Qala ngelungeloisixhobo. Ukusebenzisana nomvelisi onokuthenjwa (njengomzi-mveliso we-allen eTshayina) ovelisaelectrodes(E.G.,I-Ecpitite ePhakamileyo ye-Ecline) intlanganiso engahambelaniyoukumelana, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, i-therm elungileyoUkunganyangeki kothusayo, i-wheet echanekileyo) ibonelela ngesiseko esingcono sokusebenza. Ukuqinisekisa abathengisi babonelela ngemfundo eqinisekileyo (iMigangatho ye-ISO, i-SPPS), ukujongana nophawu lwe-thompson'sUbuqhetseba besiqinisekiso.

• Yenza imisebenzi yezixhobo:

  • Iinkqubo zombane:Phuhlisa kwaye usebenzise iiprofayili zombane ezifanelekileyo ukuba zilungelelaniswe kumxube othile wokuxuba kunye nokunyibilikisa isigaba. Kulumkele ukuxinana okugqithisileyo.
  • UMmiselo we-ARC:Qeqesha abaqhubigcinaIi-ARC ezizinzileyo kwaye zisebenzise iinkqubo zokumiselwa ngokuzenzekelayo.
  • I-foamy strag strag:Inkosi yobugcisa bokudala kunye nokugcina i-foamy ye-foamy slag ye-Slagelectrodesukusuka kwimitha ye-arc kwayeioksijini. Oku kuhlala kungotshintsho olusebenzayo olusebenzayoukunciphisaI-Supwall Oxidation.
  • Ulawulo lweoksijini:Nciphisa i-ingeress ye-air kwiisithando somlilongokutywina ngokukuko. Sebenzisa inkquboioksijini(Umboniso) ubugwebi nangokufanelekileyo.
  • Nciphisa ixesha lokuphuma kwamandla:Ukusebenza kwemisebenzi ukuyaukunciphisaThepha-to-Puck Times, intsingiselo encinciixeshaielectrodesziphantsi kwamandla (kwaye zichitha) ngetoni nganye yeintsimbi.

• Ukuphucula ukuphatha kunye nokufakwa:

  • Ukuphatha ngononophelo:Sebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuphakamisa kwaye uphephe iimpembelelo ngexesha lokuthuthwa, ukugcinwa, kwayeufakeloUkuthintela imifuno kunye nomonakalo. Gcinaelectrodeskwiicocekile, indawo eyomileyo.
  • Ukujoyina i-Mecictuous:Gxininisa ukubaluleka kokucocwa ngokucokisekileyo zentambo kunye neziseko kunye nokwenza isicelo seTorquei-electrodeukongezwa. Oku kuncitshiswaukumelanakwaye uthintele ukusilela.

• Cinga ngemitya yokukhusela:Ezinye iinkqubo zisebenza ngokutsha okanye i-antioxidant caaatingsi-electrodeIindlela zendlela. Ezi zinxibo zisebenza njengomqobo, zinciphisa ireyithi ye-oxidation, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo ezishushu zeisithando somliloImozulu ngaphezulu komgca we-slag. Ukusebenza kunye nokuxhamla ngendleko kufuneka kuvavanywe rhoqoukusebenza.

• Ukulungiswa rhoqo:Qinisekisa ngexesha elifanelekileyoisondloyei-electrodeAbanini mabanini, amaqhinga, iingalo, kunye neenkqubo zokupholisa. Umbane olungileyouqhagamsheloemnini kubalulekile ukuphephaamandla ilahlekonokugxeka kakhulu. Ngokukhawulezalungisanaziphi na ukuvuza kwamanzi ngaphakathiisithando somliloIipaneli zokupholisa.

Ngokuphumeza la manyathelo, i-teetermakers inokulawula ngenkuthalo kwayeukunciphisababoigrafu electrode ukuselwa, iqhubela phambili kwixabiso elamkelweyo, elingalawulekiyo lokusebenza ngokusebenzayo. Le ndlela yokusebenza engasebenziyo ayigcini mali kuphelaelectrodeskodwa negalelo kwizinzile ngakumbi,ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye inemvelisoisithando somliloimisebenzi.

I-Tremes ephambili: Igrafu ye-elektrode

• Umsebenzi obalulekileyo: Igrafu electronikizibalulekile ekuqhubeniumbaneimijikelezonyibilika intsimbingaphakathiIziko le-ARC le-ARCngenxa yepropathi yabo eyahlukileyo.
• Ukusetyenziswa okungapheliyo: ElectrodesNgaba izinto ezinokuthethwa zinxiba ngenxa yeUbushushu obukhulu(i-ticking shimim),ikhemikhali impendulo(I-oxidation kwi-eadewalls), kunye nomonakalo onokubakho onokubakho (ukwaphuka, ukwaphuka).
• Impembelelo yokusebenza kakuhle:Ngexesha elifanelekileyoukutshintshwakubalulekile ukugcinaisithando somlilo ukusebenza kakuhle, qinisekisa ukusebenza kwezinzile ze-ARC, ukunciphisaUkusetyenziswa kwamandla, kwaye uthintele i-Deowntimei-electrodeukungaphumeleli.
• Izinto zokuphembelela: Ukusetyenziswa kwe-electrodeamaxabiso ayachaphazelekai-electrodeumgangatho,isithando somliloIiparamitha zokuSebenza (I-Voltage, ukusetyenziswa kweoksijini), iinkqubo ze-SLAG, kunye nohlobo lweScrap.
• Ulawulo lokuSebenza:Ukuphatha ngononophelo, kufanelekileufakelo.isondloImpembelelo enkului-electrodeUbomi.
• Iimpawu zokutshintsha:Ukujonga i-chieff eninzi, ukuncitshiswa kobubanzi, i-rocks ebonakalayo, ukonakalisa, ukuhlaselwa ngokudibeneyo, okanye ukufikelela kwinqanaba elincinciubude.
• Iindlela zokwenza izinto: Ukunciphisa ukuselwangokusebenzisa umgangatho ophezuluelectrodes, Ukulungiselela iinkqubo zombane kunye nezenzo ze-slag, ukunciphisa i-ingeress yomoya, ukuqinisekisa ukudityaniswa okufanelekileyo, kunye nokusebenzisa iingubo ezinokubakho.Ukutshintshwa rhoqo mayibeInxalenye yesicwangciso esicwangcisiweyo.