Ukuvula amandla e-Pyrolytical igrafiti: Iipropathi kunye nokusetyenziswa

Igrantite yePyrolytic yindlela eyahlukileyo yegrafu enepropathi ekhethekileyo, esenza ibaluleke kakhulu kumashishini amaninzi. Eli nqaku lihlala lingena kwiimpawu, imveliso, kunye nezicelo ezahlukeneyo zeI-Pyrolytic igrafiti, ibalaselisa ukuba kutheni le nto iyonyula yokhetho lokufuna ubuchwephesha. Siza kuhlola ulwakhiwo lwayo olukhethekileyo, iipropathi ze-thermal kunye nombane, kwaye ezi negalelo njani ekusetyenzisweni kwayo kuyo yonke into evela kwi-aerospace. Abachwephesha njengoMarkopson, ukuqonda ezi nkcukacha zinokubonelela ngomphetho wokhuphiswano kwintengiso yehlabathi.

1. Ithini kanye kanye le piyrolytic?

I-Pyrolytic igrafitiNgaba yindlela eyahlukileyo, eyenziwe ngumntu eyenziwe ngemizobo eveliswe ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-vapor vaporifayile(I-CVD). Ngokungafaniyo negrafu yendalo okanye igrafu eqhelekileyo,I-Pyrolytic igrafitiyinto ye-polycrystalline, oko kuthetha ukuba i-crystals ezininzi zegrafu. Nangona kunjalo, ezikristali zikhoIjolise kakhulu, ukunikaI-Pyrolytic igrafitiezinye izinto ezikhethekileyo. Izinto ezifana negrafu zenziwa xa ihydrocarbonirhasi (njenge-methane) ishushu kakhuluIqondo lokushisa eliphezuluKwimo ye-intert. Oku kubangela irhasiukubola, kwaye iI-carbon atomS ifakwe ungqimba olubekiweyo kwi-asubsare.

Esi sakhiwo senziwe sisitshixo sokuqondaI-Pyrolytic igrafiti. Kuyafana nangokukhonkotha iphepha elincinci lamanye amaphepha. Iphepha ngalinye limele ungqimbaigraphene, phiI-carbon atomI-S ibotshwe ngokuqinileyo kwi-hexagonal lagece. Ezi ntlobo ziphakathi kwendiza zinamandla kakhulu (i-conds ezinamachaphaza), kodwa i-bonds phakathi kweIileyiti zamaphenyanezibuthathaka kakhulu (van der des kwimikhosi). Lo mahluko kumandla ebhondi phakathi kwenqwelomoya kwaye ngaphandle kweplanethi, kubangela ukuba izinto zibe nazoi-anisotropy.

2. Injani igrafiti yePyrolytic? Jonga inkqubo yokufaka.

Ukuveliswa kweI-Pyrolytic igrafitikubandakanya inkqubo enobunkunkqele eyaziwa njengemichizaI-Vapor Report. Ngokuyintloko, ahydrocarbonIrhasi, njengee-methane (Ch4), yaziswa kwigumbi lokuphumla elinesubsare. Igumbi emva koko lishushu kakhuluIqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, ngokwesiqhelo kuluhlu lwe-2000 ° C ukuya kwi-3000 ° C. Ubushushu obunzulu bubangela ihydrocarbonirhasi ukuyaukubola-Inkqubo eyaziwa ngokubai-pyrolysis.

Ngexeshai-pyrolysis,I-carbon atoms ukusuka kwirhasi ye-Deaclweliwe kwisubsare. I-atom icwangcisa ngokwasoI-Pyrolytic igrafiti. Inqanaba leifayile, iqondo lobushushu, kwaye uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwegumbi lonke lulawulwa ngononophelo ukuphembelela iipropathi zokugqibela zeI-Pyrolytic igrafiti. Ukulawulwa kwezi paramitha kuvumela ukulungelelanisa uxinikelelo lwezinto,ukuqhubela phambili kwe-thermal, kunye nezinye iimpawu.
Oku kunokubandakanyaAmaphepha e-Pyrolytic yePyrolytic.

3. Zeziphi izinto eziphambili zegrafoti yepilisi?

IIipropathi zegrafoti yePyrolytici-stem ngqo kwimo yayo eyahlukileyo, egxile kakhulu. Oku kudala umahluko obalulekileyo kwisimilo sayo kuxhomekeka kwicala. Nazi ezinye zeempawu eziphambili:

• I-Anisotropy:Lo mhlawumbi inqaku elichazayoI-Pyrolytic igrafiti. Iipropathi zayo zisalathiso kakhulu. Kwindiza yenqwelomoya (kwindiza), zibonakalisa ukugqwesai-thermalkwayeUkuqhutywa kombane. Nangona kunjalo, kwiisikhokeloKule ndawo, ezi ndawo zincitshiswa kakhulu.
• Ukuqhutywa kwe-thermal ephezulu (kwindiza): I-Pyrolytic igrafitiiqhayisa ngokukhethekileyoukuqhubela phambili kwe-thermalNgakwindiza ye-Lawers zayo, nkqu ngaphezulu kobheduubushushu begumbi.
• Ukuqhutywa kweMpumelelo esezantsiNgokwahlukileyo,ukuqhubela phambili kwe-thermalI-perpendicular ukuya kwi-Lawers iphantsi kakhulu, iyenza i-insulator efanelekileyo yelondle.
• I-Diaamagnetism: I-Pyrolytic igrafitiyomeleleIzinto zedamagnetic, kuthetha ukuba iphazamisaimagneticamasimi. Le propati ikwayi-anisotropic.
• Uzinzo lobushushu obuphezulu:Inokumelana kakhuluIqondo lokushisa eliphezuluKwi-InErt I-Airmosges ngaphandle kokuphefumla okukhulu.
• Ukungazithembi kweekhemikhali: I-Pyrolytic igrafitiinjaloI-InErt, phinda ukuphendula ngeekhemikhali ezininzi.

4. Kutheni le nto i-piyrolytite ye-piyrolytite ye-picraly iphawuleka?

OkhethekileyoUkuqhubela kwe-thermal yegrantite yePyrolyticKwindiza ye-phayiji yayo kungenxa yokuhamba okukuko kweeponons (ii-pibnes) ngokusebenzisa uqinileI-carbon atominethiwekhi. Yicinge nje ngathi lithuba elihamba ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwizinto eziqinileyo, eziqhunyiswe ngokuqinileyo kunendlela ekhululekileyo, ephazamisayo. I-bonds ebomeleleyo ngaphakathiigrapheneIimpawu zibonelela ngendlela ecacileyo yezi nyikimi zokuhamba ngokuchaseneyo nobuncinci. Iukuqhubela phambili kwe-thermalIngakwazi ukuya kwizihlandlo ezihlanu zezobhedu.

Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba i-bonds phakathi kweIileyiti zamaphenyaneBabuthathaka (van der imikhosi yamandla), ii-phenons zinobunzima bokudlulisela ubushushu ngaphesheya. Oku kucacisa iphantsiukuqhubela phambili kwe-thermalkwicala elilinganayo. Oku kwenza ukuba ezi zixhobo zilungeleUkutshisa isinki.

5. Ukuhlola i-adisotropy yegrastic yegrantitite.

I-anisotropy, njengoko bekuchaziwe ngaphambili, luhlobo olusisiseko lweI-Pyrolytic igrafiti. Kuthetha ukuba iipropathi zezinto ezibonakalayo zahlukile kuxhomekeka kwicala. Esi sisiphumo ngqo sesakhiwo sayo. I-anagy elungileyo yinkuni: Kulula kakhulu ukwahlula iinkuni ecaleni kwengqolowa kunaphele.

Oku kuxhomekeka kulwahlulo kubalulekile kwizicelo ezininzi. Umzekelo, phezuluUkuqhutywa kweMfihlakalokwaye iphantsiukuqhubela phambili kwe-thermalYenza ilungele ukusasaza amashushu kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki, ngokufanelekileyo ukuzoba ubushushu bungabikho kumacandelo abuthathaka ngelixa uthintela ekusasazeni kwezinye iindawo. UkukwaziamakhweliIingqengqelo zeI-Pyrolytic igrafiti, efana nendlelamicaicocekile, nayo ikwayei-anisotropy.

6. Zithini izinto eziqhelekileyo zegrafoti zepilisi?

EyahlukileyoIipropathi zegrafoti yePyrolyticYenza ilungele uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, uninzi lwazo luphazamisa i-Anisotropic ye-Anisotropic ye-Anisotropic kunye neMibane. Ezinye izinto eziphambili zibandakanya:

• Abasasazeli beshushu kunye ne-shushu eshushu:NgaphakathiIzixhobo ze-elektroniki, I-Pyrolytic igrafitiisetyenziselwa ukuchitha ngokufanelekileyoUbushushu buvelisiwengamacandelo, ukuthintela ukugxeka kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo.
• Ukubethelelwa kunye nokubumba:Ukunganyangeki kweqondo lobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokungazithembi kweekhemikhali kwenza ukuba kube yinto efanelekileyo ukuze kubethelele iinqaba ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ze-metriture.
• I-Monochlomars:Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-X-ray, kunye ne-neutron monocromators.
• Izicelo ze-biomedical:I-biocomini yayo ikhokelele ekusetyenzisweni kwawo kwiindawo ezithile zonyango.
• Amacandelo e-Aerospace:Ubushushu bayo beqondo lobushushu obuphezulu kunye nendalo ekhanyayo yenza ukuba ixabiseke kwizicelo ze-aerospace.
• I-Skena yeProbengCopy:Igrafoti yePyrolytic, ngakumbiIgranciting kakhulu ye-piyrolytic, isetyenziswa njengesubsarekubaUkuskena i-tunnelingI-Microscopy (STM) ngenxa yomphezulu wayo, umphezulu. Inokucocwa amaxesha amaninzi.

I-7.

KwiIzixhobo ze-elektronikikwayeI-Semiconductoramashishini,I-Pyrolytic igrafitiidlala indima ebalulekileyo kulawulo lobushushu. I-elektroniki yanamhlanje ivelisa izixa ezibalulekileyo zobushushu, kwaye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kubalulekile ekusebenzeni nasebusweni.I-Pyrolytic igrafiti'UkukhethekileyoUkuqhutywa kweMfihlakaloYenza into ebalaseleyo yokusasaza ubushushu kude neendawo ezishushu, ezinjengeeprojekisi kunye ne-AMPILIRES.

Ngapha koko, iphantsiukuqhubela phambili kwe-thermalI-perpendicular ukuya kwindiza inceda ukwahlula ubushushu, ukuthintela ukuba kuchaphazele izinto ezibuthathaka. Ubume obutshijolo, obuqaqambileyo beAmaphepha e-Pyrolytic yePyrolyticYenza ukuba balungele ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ze-elektroniki apho indawo inomda. Izixhobo ziya kusetyenziswa ngaphakathiiiseli zepetrolikubaUkugcinwa kwamandla.

8. Ngaba igrayili ye-Pyrolytic ithelekiswa njani nezinye iindlela zegrafu?

Ngelixa zonke iintlobo zegrafuI-Pyrolytic igrafitiimele ngenxa yendawo yayo eyalelwe, yesakhiwo. Oku kunika iipropathi ezahlukileyo xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo, ezinje:

• Igrafu yeNdalo:Imbiwe emhlabeni, igrafikhi yendalo inesakhiwo esingakhiyo kuneI-Pyrolytic igrafiti, kukhokelela esezantsii-thermalkwayeUkuqhutywa kombane.
• Igrafu eqhelekileyookanyeIgrafu ye-ARTIFIFIT:Oku kuveliswa ngokwesiqheloI-carbon emnyamaKwaye umbizi, emva koko ubhaka. Inesakhiwo esingaphezulu kwe-isotropic (iipropathi ziyafana kuzo zonke iindlela) ezithelekiswa nazoI-Pyrolytic igrafiti.
• I-Graokne:NgelixaI-Pyrolytic igrafitiyenziwe igqityiweigrapheneIi-Lawers, uLawulekaziigrapheneineepropathi ezingaqhelekanga ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuvelisa amaphepha amakhulu, angenasipheneigraphenekuhlala kungumngeni.

Ukuthelekisa ezi zinto zimbini,I-Pyrolytic igrafitiUkubetha ibhalansi phakathi kokusebenza kunye nokunikezelwa kwenkqubo, kusenza lukhetho olusebenzayo kwizicelo ezininzi. JongaAmandla aphezulu ebhlokoiphepha lemveliso.

9. Zithini umda kunye nemiceli mngeni yokusebenzisa i-pyrolytic igrantite?

Ngaphandle kwezibonelelo ezininzi,I-Pyrolytic igrafitiInemida ethile:

• Brittle:Inokuba bhebhu kwaye ityekele ekuqhekezeni, ngakumbi kwiindiza ezicocekileyo.
• Ixabiso:Inkqubo yemveliso yeCVD inokubiza kakhulu, yenzaI-Pyrolytic igrafitiIxabiso elingakumbi kunezinye iindlela zegrafu.
• Okwekiweyo:Ngelixa inokuthi ifakwe ngomatshini, imeko yayo ye-anisotropic inokwenza ukuba icel 'umngeni ekufezekiseni iimilo ezichanekileyo kunye nokuqina. IIkristalikwayei-inhomogenityiyasebenza le nto.
• I-oxidation kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu:Nangona uzinzile kwi-InErt Astimines,I-Pyrolytic igrafitiIngakwazi ukubambisa (phendula ngeoksijini) kwiamaqondo obushushu aphakamileyoEmoyeni, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwizicelo ezithile zobushushu ngaphandle kwemali yokukhusela. Kufuneka igcinwe ingezantsiI-400 ° C.

I-10. Ikamva le-Pyrolytic igrafiti: Izicelo ezivelayo kunye nophando.

Uphando luyaqhubeka ukuphonononga izicelo ezitsha nezinomdla zeI-Pyrolytic igrafiti. Iindawo zomdla zibandakanya:

• Ulawulo lobuchwephesha obuphucukileyo:Njengoko izixhobo ze-elektroniki ziyaqhubeka nokuncipha kwaye zibe namandla ngakumbi, isidingo sezilungiso ezifanelekileyo zokushishina nobushushu ziya kuqhuba uphuhliso lweI-Pyrolytic igrafitiizinto ezisetyenzisiweyo.
• Ukugcinwa kwamandla:YayoUkuqhutywa kombanekunye nesakhiwo esibekiweyo senza ukuba umgqatswa onokuba ngumgqatswa kwiibhetri eziphambili kunye nabaphathi be-supercacitors. UmbandelaI-Inert ye-heally.
• Izinzwa:Iipropathi zayo ezizodwa ziphandwa ukuze zisetyenziswe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zenzwa.
• Ubunjineli boBumbene:Uphando oluthe kratya kwi-biomialpial lunokukhokelela kwizicelo ezitsha kwizixhobo zonyango kunye nokufakwa.
  * Izifundo zeMolekyuliIzazinzulu zenzululwazi isebenzisa i-HOPG njengendawo yokufunda eyahlukileyoIimolekyuli ze-Aromatic. I-HOPG ibonelela ngeUmphezulu ococekileyoNokuba usekhayaumoya kangangeyure. I-disterate inokwenzekaukuzinzisa iimolekyuli ** kwaye unike indiza esebenzayo.
• Ukukhanya kweNanost: IUkukhanya kweNanostibonwe ukubonisai-semicongokuctingindlela yokuziphatha.

I-theaways eziphambili: I-Pyrolytical ye-Perrolytite

• I-Pyrolytic igrafitiyindlela eyahlukileyo yegrafu ene-odod and cerces.
• Ibonisa okhethekileyoi-anisotropy, phezului-thermalkwayeUkuqhutywa kombaneKwindiza ye-laares kunye nokuphumelela okuphantsi kwindiza.
• Iveliswe ngumphunga wekhemikhaliifayile (i-pyrolysis), inkqubo evumela ukulawula iipropathi zayo.
• Izicelo eziphambili zibandakanya abasasazi, iimbethe, amacandelo ee-aerospace, kunye nemigca ye-microscopy.
• Yinto ebalulekileyo kwiIzixhobo ze-elektronikikunye ne-semicondictors zolawulo lwe-thermal.
• Ngelixa ibiza kakhulu kunezinye iindlela zegraphithi, iipropathi zayo ezahlukileyo zicacisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwizicelo ezifunwayo.
• Uphando oluqhubekayo luphonononge izicelo ezitsha kwizitoreji zamandla, izinzwa, kunye nobunjineli bobuchwephesha.
• Khumbula ukuphonononga yethuUPURINT WEPREARE 99.9% graphite yomgubokwayeIgrafu yeqondo lobushushu ephezulu ngokuchaseneyo nokunyibilikaamaphepha emveliso.
• Sijonge ngokwakhoIzinto ze-electrodeiimfuno.
  I-distouteInkqubongaphezulu kweI-FOLS Grapheneinoxanduva lombaneukuqhuba kunye ne-thermaluzinzo.
• Kubalulekile ukuqonda iI-Delocalid π-iqhinaphakathi kwamashitiukwenza izigqibo zokuthenga ezinolwazi.