Vula iimfihlo ze-4000 ye-GORDY's C, inqaku le-Clocks: Kutheni iibhloko zegrafu zigqwesa kubushushu obugqithisileyo

Igrafu, indlela ebonakala ngathi ilula yekhabhoni, inophawu olungaqhelekanga: indawo engaqhelekanga yokunyibilika. Eli nqaku lidla ubomi behlabathi elinomdla, iphonononge indawo yayo yokutyibilika - ukufikelela malunga ne-4000 ° ukuya kwi-4000 ° ifikelela malunga neempawu ezimangalisayo ezenza ukuba iibhloko zegrafiti zibalulekile kwizicelo eziphezulu zeqondo lobushushu. Ukuqonda ezi zibonelelo kuya kukukhanyisela isizathu sokuba igrafu ebalulekileyo kumashishini asusela kwimveliso yentsimbi ukuya kwi-metaltiggy ephezulu.

Yintoni kanye kanye le igrafu kwaye yintoni enyibilikisi inyibilikisi?

Igrafu yindlela yendalo eyenzeka yecarbon, apho nganye nganyeI-carbon atomiI-bondd to abanye abathathuKwindawo ye-hexagonal latagonal ye-hexagonal, yenza amaphepha athile. La maphepha emva koko afakwe ngokudibeneyo, abanjwa nguubuthathaka van der wawal umkhosi. Esi sakhiwo sahlukileyo sisitshixo kwiIipropathi zegrafu, kubandakanya umdlaindawo ephezulu yokunyibilika. Ngokungafaniyo nezixhobo ezinamaqhina aqinileyo kuzo zonke iindlela, ezomeleleyoIibhondi ezinamachaphazaKwiphepha lemifanekiso elifunwayo lifuna amandla amakhulu ukuze aphule. KuqikelelwaInqaku le-graphrite poltingI-Hovers ijikeleze i-4000 degreesCelsius(malunga ne-7230 degreesifahrenheit), iTestamente inamandla ezibo.

Into ebangela umdla kukuba, igrafu ayilunyibilikisi "ngengqondo yesiko. Endaweni yoko, iphantsi kwenkunkuma, ukutshintsha ngokuthe ngqo kwi-suble kwirhasiIqondo lokushisa eliphezulu. Inqaku eliphantsi lihlala lihlala libizwa ngokuba yiInqaku lokunyibilika. IqhinaI-carbon atomlungiselelo kunye namandla eIibhondi ezinamachaphaza kunye nenye ikhaboniI-Atom yinto evumela igrafu ukubai-nestsobo buthathakaubushushu obuphezulu.

Kutheni le nto indawo enyibilikayo eqinileyo kakhulu (~ 4000 ° C) inzuzo ebalulekileyo?

Inqaku eliphezulu lokunyibilikaayisiyonyani yesizathu esinomdla; Ngumdlalo-otshintsha umdlalo kwiinkqubo ezininzi zemizi-mveliso. Olu phawu lwenza igrafu ngezinto ezingenakuphikwa kwiindawo ezinokubekwa kwiindawo ezinokuthi zithintele kuzo. Cinga ngeemitha zensimbi, apho inyibilikisi ifikelela kwiqondo lobushushu elingaphezulu kwe-1500 ° C. Okanye uqwalasele iinkqubo zentsimbi ezityhala nangaphezulu. Isakhono segrafu ukuze sigcine ingqibelelo yakhiwo ngobushushu obunjalo senza ukuba igqibelele ukulungaigrafu esithe tyabas yokunyibilikisa izinyithi,i-electrodes kwiziko le-ARC le-ARC, kunye ne-linesisithando somlilos.

IInqaku eliphezulu lenyibilikisagxotha icandelo elinokuthenjwa kwiimeko apho ugcina uzinzo luhlala phantsiIqondo lokushisa eliphezuluyinto enkulu. Oku ukuthembeka kuguqulela ngokuthe ngqo kwimali engahlawulelwayo kunye nokhuseleko olongezelelekileyo ekufumaneni useto lweshishini. Umzekelo, usebenzisa izinto zegrafu kunciphisa umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli ngenxa yokugqitha, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kunye nokuthintela ixesha lokudodobala.

Kwenzeka ntoni xa uzama ukufumanisa indawo enyibilikayo yokunyibilika?

Ngelixa sihlala sikhankanya i-4000 ° C njengeInqaku le-graphrite polting, ukucamngca ngokuthe ngqo kukuzama okuntsonkothileyo kwesayensi. Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, igrafu egcobayo kunokuba inyibilike kwingqondo eqhelekileyo. Iqondo lobushushu apho le nto lenzeka khona ayisiyondawo emiselweyo kodwa kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana noxinzelelo kunye nokucoceka kwegrafu. Phantsi koxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwemotossic, igrafu iya kufikelela kwi-3652 °Celsius. Nangona kunjalo, phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu, kufutshane nethiyori yayoIndawo yokunyibilikaEliqondo lobushushu linokuya kwi-4000 ° C.

Ngapha koko, ubukho bokungcola ngaphakathi kwefomati yefomati inokuphembelela indlela yayo yokuziphatha. Ke ngoko, xa uxoxa ngeInqaku lokunyibilika, ihlala ichanekile ukubhekisa kuluhlu endaweni yexabiso elinye, eliqinisekileyo. Esi sincoko sibaluleke kakhulu kubanjineli kunye neenzululwazi zezinto ezibonakalayo zisebenza ngefomati kwizicelo ezikhethekileyo.

Ukujonga izicelo zobushushu obuphezulu, zeziphi iibhloko zegrafu ezisetyenziselwa?

Iibhloko zegrafu zisetyenziswa ikakhuluKuluhlu olukhulu lweIqondo lokushisa eliphezuluIzicelo, ukuqalisa ukutya okukhethekileyoindawo ephezulu yokunyibilikakunye nezinye ingeneloIipropathi zegrafu. Kwishishini lentsimbi,Iibhloko zegrafu ezisetyenzisiweyonjengokoi-electrodeI-S kwi-Arc ye-ARC ye-ARC ibalulekile ekunyibilikeni isinyithi. Ezii-electrodekufunekai-nestskakhuluIqondo lobushushu ephezulusukungabi nantlonelo.

Ngaphaya kwentsimbi,igrafu esithe tyabaI-S iqeshelwe ngokubanzi ukunyibilikisa izinyithi ezahlukeneyo kwiindawo ezizisiweyo kwayeIziko leMetallical. Ukuxhathisa kwaboUkunganyangeki kothusakunye ne-intertrods yekhemikhali zenza ukuba balungele ukufumana izixhobo ezityhidiweyo.Iibhloko zegrafu ziyasetyenziswaukudalaILinengs kunye nezixhobo eziSebenzayongaphakathiUkumelana nezixhobokwaye nakwizixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezifanaIziko elinye lesikoIsetyenziswe kwimveliso ye-semiconductor. BaboUkuxhathisa ubushushu obuphezuluayifanelanga nje ezinye izinto ezininzi. Thina, njengeumzi-mveliso onemigca eyi-7 yemveliso, velisaIzixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezuluezihlangabezana nezi mfuno zifunwayo.

Nantsi ishwankathelo elikhawulezayo lokuba ungalufumana phi iibhloko zethu zegrafu kwisenzo:

• Imikhono yentsimbi:NjengeI-ENCOMODS ye-ARC yoMbane.
• Iziseko:Ngaphakathiigrafu esithe tyabas ekunyibilikise iintsimbi ezahlukeneyo.
• Iinkampani zeMetalggy:NjengeILinengs kunye nezixhobo eziSebenzayongaphakathiIziko leMetallical.
• Ishishini le-elektroniki:NgaphakathiIziko elinye lesikos kunyeI-Electron Tube Anodes.
• Ishishini leekhemikhali:KubaUTSHINTSHO LWEZOBUCHULE KWISEBE LEMICIMBIngenxa yaboUkunganyangeki.

Ngaphaya kokuxhathisa ubushushu: Zeziphi ezinye iipropathi ezibalulekileyo zeebhloko zegraphite ekufuneka ndikwazi?

Ngelixa iphawulekaindawo ephezulu yokunyibilikayiyomiselo ephambili,Igrafu ineempawu ezininzi ezilungileyoOko kwenza ukuba kube yinto eguquguqukayo. Ngokwahlukileyoukuqhubela phambili kwe-thermalivumela ukutshintshelwa okusebenzayo kobushushu, kubalulekile kwizicelo ezifanaUTSHINTSHO LWEZOBUCHULE KWISEBE LEMICIMBI. Ngaphaya koko, imiboniso ibalaseleyoUkuqhutywa kombane, yenze ukuba ilungelei-electrodes. Ikwaqhayisa iphantsiukwanda kwe-thermal, oko kuthetha ukuba ayisandi kakhulu xa ifudumele, ebalulekile ekugcineni ukuzinza ngaphakathiIqondo lokushisa eliphezuluiindawo ezihlala

Elinye ilungelo elibalulekileyo yi-cografitity yendalo. Iibhondi ezibuthathaka phakathi kweendawo zibavumela ukuba batyibilike ngokulula, besenza igrafu esebenzayo. Ngapha koko, imiboniso phlititeUkunganyangeki, ngakumbi kwii-acids kwayealkali, ngakumbi wandisa ixesha layo lobomi balo ekuhlaleni. Indibaniselwano yei-thermal, umbane, umatshini, kunye nemichizaIipropathi zegrafuiyenza ibe yinto ebalulekileyo kumashishini amaninzi.

Ngaba ukuqhuba igrafu ephezulu ye-gramal inzuzo ingenelwa njani iqondo lobushushu?

Iukuqhubela phambili kwe-thermal ephezuluIgrafu idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni nasekusebenzeniisithando somlilos. Le ndawo ivumela ubushushu ukuba busasazwe ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke iisithando somlilo, ukunciphisa amabala ashushu kunye nokuqinisekisa ukufudumeza izinto ezifanayo. Kwizicelo ezinjeIziqithi ze-Silicon Carbide, apho ulawulo lobushushu oluchanekileyo lubalulekile, ukukwazi kwegrafite yokuqhuba ubushushu buyinto ebalulekileyo.

UkusebenzisaIibhloko zegraphite ezisetyenziselwa iqondo lobushushu obuphezuluUkwakhiwa okanye njengezinto zangaphakathi kukhokelela kwimijikelezo yokufudumeza kwaye kuncitshiswe amandla amandla. Oku kuguqulela kwiindleko eziphantsi zokusebenza kunye nokunyusa imveliso kumashishini axhomekeke kwiubushushu obuphezuluiinkqubo. Udluliselo olusebenzayo lobushushu lunegalelo kobomi obude beentonga ngokwayo ngokunciphisai-thermaluxinzelelo kwezinye izinto.

Kuthekani ngokuxhathisa ukunqongophala? Ngaba i-phycks inokuphelisa iibhloko zokubonisa indawo ezinobunzima?

Ukunganyangekilolunye uphawu oluphambili olwenza igrafu efanelekileyoisithando somliloiindawo ezihlala Ngokungafaniyo nezinyithi ezininzi eziveze xa zivezwa kubushushu obuphakamileyo kunye nezinto ezihlaziyiweyo, igrafu zibonisa ukungangqinelani okumangalisayo. Ingai-nestsUkuvezwa kwiikhemikhali ezininzi ezibonakalayo, kubandakanya i-asidi eyomeleleyo kwayealkali, yenze kufanelekile ukuba isetyenziswe ngaphakathiIziko leMetallicalkunye nezixhobo zokuqhubekisa nemichiza.

Olu thintelo lwendaloI-alkali kunye ne-organic slinventkakhulu kakhulu i-wospan yeizixhobo zegrafu, ukunciphisa isidingo sokutshintsha kabini kunye nokuncitshiswa kwexesha lokuncipha. Nokuba kukho ubukho beentsimbi ezityhidiweyo kunye ne-slag, igrafikhi ephezulu, njengawethuukwenza okuphezuluIibhloko, igcina ingqibelelo yayo ngokwamaseko, iqinisekisa ukusebenza okungapheliyo kunye nokuhlala ixesha elide. LeUzinzo lweekhemikhali ezifanelekileyoluncedo olubalulekileyo ngaphezulu kwezinto ezinokubakho.

Ngaba kukho amabakala awo ahlukeneyo eebhloko zegraphite ezisetyenziselwa iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zobushushu obuphezulu?

Ewe, umhlaba wegrafu uhlukahlukene, kwaye izicelo ezahlukeneyo zifunwaIimpawu zegrafu. Ke ngoko, amabakala ohlukeneyoIibhloko zegrafuzenziwa ukuba zihlangabezane nezi mfuno ezahlukeneyo. Ukunyanzelwa kwezicelo ze-UltraI-Ultra ephezuluamandlai-electrodes ngembeko,I-UHP ye-IHPRODRODRODRODRODSzisetyenzisiwe, ziphawulwa bubunyulu kunye nobunzima. Ngezicelo ezingathethekiyo, amanye amabakala anjengegunya eliphezulu (i-HP) okanye i-RP) igrafu inokwanela.

IUmthamo wegrafuKwaye uxinzelelo lwalo luhlala ludlala indima ebalulekileyo. Umzekelo, bethuI-0.8mm ephezulu yegrafukwayeIbhlog ye-bulk ephezuluIminikelo yenzelwe izicelo ezifuna amandla aphezulu kunye noomatshini. IumatshiniUkukwazi kwegrafu kuyinto, kunye namanye amabakala ukuba lula ukubumba kwizinto ezinzima. Ukuqonda ezi zinto zivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bakhethe eyona ifanelekileyoibhloko yegrafuIbakala laboIqondo lokushisa eliphezuluiimfuno. Njengomntu ophambiliUmzi mveliso wegrafikhi, sinikezelaamabakala ahlukeneyoukulungela uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo.

Kutheni le nto kufuneka ii-mills zensimbi kwaye iziseko zithathela ingqalelo iibhloko ezisemgangathweni ezisemgangathweni ezifana neyethu?

Ngeempuku zentsimbi kunye nezicatshulwa, ukutyala imali ngaphakathiIibhloko ezikumgangatho ophakathisisigqibo sobuchule esinefuthe elisebenzayo ngokusebenza kunye nenzuzo. BethuIzixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezuluNikeza ngaphezuluUkuqhutywa kombane, ekhokelela kwiinkqubo ezisebenzayo ngakumbi kwiziko lombane ze-ARC. Okhethekileyoukuqhubela phambili kwe-thermalUkuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kobushushu, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wensimbi etyhidiweyo.

Ngaphezulu, obalaseleyoUkunganyangekikwayeUkunganyangeki kothusaIibhloko zethu zegraphite Tetch Twit ukuya kwi-Liesusan ende, ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nexesha lokuphumla. BethuicinyiweIibhloko Qinisekisa ukusebenza ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokusebenza ngokuthembekileyo. Siyayiqonda inkxalabo ebalulekileyo yabathengi bethu abanokubakho njengoMark Thompson, ngakumbi malungaUvavanyo olusemgangathwenikunye nemfuno yezixhobo ezithobelaImigangatho yeHlabathi. Ukuzibophelela kwethu kumgangatho kunye novavanyo olungqongqo kuqinisekisa ukuba iibhloko zegrafu zethu zizise intsebenzo engaguqukiyo nethembekileyo.

Ndingalufumana phi iibhloko ezinokuthenjwa kwaye zisebenza kakhulu kwi-physites yomzimba wam wobushushu besithando somlilo?

Ukufumana umthengisi othembekileyo weIibhloko ezisebenzayo ezisebenzayoibalulekile kumashishini asebenzaisithando somlilos. Njengokuphindekaumzi-mveliso onemigca eyi-7 yemvelisongokusekweChina, thina, kwigama lakho lenkampani - iallen], ekucingetweni ekuveliseniIgrafu electros kunye neemveliso zegrafuihlangabezana neemfuno ezifumeneyo amashishini kwiI-USA, North Melika, Europe, Australia, nangaphaya. Siyayiqonda iimfuno zeImigca yentsimbi, Abarhwebi bemitya yombane ye-ARC, iziseko, kwayeIinkampani zeMetalggrandla.

Ukuzibophelela kwethu ekusebenziseniIzixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, idityaniswa neenkqubo zethu zemveliso, iqinisekisa ukuba iibhloko zegrafu zethu zihambisa intsebenzo ekhethekileyo kunye nobomi obude. Sinikezela ngoluhlu lwamabanga, kubandakanyaI-UHP ye-IHPRODRODRODRODRODS, ukulungiselela iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zesicelo. Unokuphonononga uluhlu lwethu lweUkusebenza okuphezulu kwe-Anode Carbon, Amandla aphezulu ebhloko, kwayeI-graphite yegrafu ye-graphite ye-electrodesUkufumana isisombululo esifanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho. Ngeenkqubo ezithile ezinjengemigaqo yombane yombane, sikwanikezelaI-EDM igraphite. Siyakumema ukuba ubeHlaziya ukhetho lwakhokwaye siyiqwalasele njengeqabane lakho elithembekileyo kuzo zonke iimfuno zakho zegrafu.

Iqhosha le-Geaways:

• Igrafu iqhayisa ngokukhethekileyoindawo ephezulu yokunyibilikamalunga ne-4000 ° C, eyenza ilungele ukusetyenziswa kobushushu obugqithisileyo.
• Le nqaku liphezulu elinyibilikayo libangelwa kukuqinaIibhondi ezinamachaphazaphakathiI-carbon atoms kwimo yayo eyahlukileyo.
• Iibhloko zegrafu ziyasetyenziswakakhulu ngaphakathiisithando somlilos,igrafu esithe tyabas, kwaye njengokoi-electrodes ngembeko.
• Ngaphandle kokumelana nobushushu, igrafu inika imbekoukuqhubela phambili kwe-thermal, Ukuqhutywa kombane, kwayeUkunganyangeki.
• Amabakala ahlukeneyo e-graphy, anjeI-UHP ye-IHPRODRODRODRODRODS, ukulungelelaniswa iimfuno ezithile zomsebenzi.
• UkukhethaIibhloko ezikumgangatho ophakathiUkuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle, ixesha elide, kunye nokusebenza ngempumelelo kwimisebenzi yemizi-mveliso.
• Cinga ukuphonononga uluhlu lwethu lweI-cografite eqhelekileyokwizicelo ezingaphantsi kakhulu.

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