NGABA ukhe uzibuze ukuba sihlukane njani namanzi kwi-hydrogen neoksijini okanye njani izinyithi? Impendulo ihlala ilele kwihlabathi elinomdla leelectrodes. Ezi zixhobo zisebenzayo ngamagorha angazinziyo kwiinkqubo ezininzi zesayensi nezimezo, ezenza njengesango lombane langoku lokunxibelelana nezinto. Eli nqaku ligqogqa nzulu kwindaloIzinto ze-electrode, ndikhangela ukuba kutheniigrafu, ecaleniizinyithi, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwizicelo ezinjei-electrolysiskwaye okuninzi ngakumbi. Ukuqonda iipropathi ezenza okuhlei-electrodeIqhosha lokuvula uluhlu lwetekhnoloji.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-electrode kwaye iyenza ntoni e-Electrolysis?
Kwindlela yayo elula, ai-electrodengumqhubi wombane osetyenziselwa ukunxibelelana nenxalenye engeyiyo i-nometallic yesekethe, njengeElectrolyte. Kwimeko yei-electrolysis, inkqubo esetyenziselwa ukuqhuba i-on-sport doct Rempleselectrodeszibaluleke kakhulu. Udinga ubuncincielectrodes: aanodekwaye ai-cathode. Okwangoku kudlulele kwiElectrolyteNgeeelectrodes. Ei-cathode, oko ikukuthiihlawulisiwe kakubi, ukuncitshiswa kwenzeka, intsingiselo yeminqwazii-elektronis. Ngokuchaseneyo, kwiI-electrode eyakhayo, okanyeanode, i-oxidation yenzeka, apho izinto ziphulukanai-elektronis. LeUkudluliselwa kwe-elektroniiqhutywa yielectrodesNgaba isiseko esisisiseko sei-electrolysis. Cinga ngei-electrodes njengamaqonga apho amandla ombane adibana khona nezinto zekhemikhali, ezenza ukuba batshintshe.
Yintoni eyenza ukuba kubekho izinto ezilungileyo ze-electrode?
Eyona nto ilungileyoIzinto ze-electrodeinamba-nye yeqhosha eliqelaukuqhubela phambiliIimpawu. Okokuqala kwaye uphambili, phezuluUkuqhutywa kombaneyinto enkulu. Oku kuvumela ukuhamba okufanelekileyo kwei-elektronis ngelahleko yamandla amancinci. Okwesibini, kulungileUkunganyangekiibalulekile, ngakumbi xaIzinto ezisebenzayo zisebenza kwiindawo ezivulekileyo okanye ezivulekileyo. Ii-electrodekufuneka ikwazi ukumelana nokungafikeleliElectrolytekunye ne-byproducts yeelectrochemicalimpendulo. Amandla omatshini kunyeubunzimaikwabalulekile ukuba ukhule, ngakumbi kwizicelo zemveliso aphoelectrodesinokuphathwa gadalala uxinzelelo lomzimba. Ngapha koko, iUkukhetha kweZixhobo zeMibonisoihlala ibandakanya ukuthathela ingqalelo iindleko kunye nokufumaneka kweizixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo. Ngokufanelekileyo, aIzinto ze-electrodekufuneka ifikeleleke ngokulula kwayeixabiso eliphantsingaphandle kokusebenza kakuhle. IIzinto ezibonakalayo ze-electrode zibhekisakwinto eyenza kakuhle iququzelela inkqubo yekhemikhali okanye yenkqubo yombane.
Kutheni le nto izinyithi zihlala zisetyenziswa njenge-electrode?
Izinyithibahlala bekhethwa njengeIzinto ze-electrodengenxa yepropathi yabo yendalo. Uninziizinyithibonisa kakhuluUkuqhutywa kombanengenxa yolwandle lwabo lwe-elektroni "i-elektronis zikhutshiwe kwaye zikhululekile ukuhamba, ziququzelela ezothutho olusebenzayo. EqhelekileyoIzinyithi ezisetyenziswa njengezixhobo ze-electrodekubandakanyaubhedu, eyaziwa phezuluukuqhubela phambilikunye neixabiso eliphantsi, nangona inokuthathwaoxidationphantsi kweemeko ezithile.Iplatinam (I-pt) lolunye ukhetho oludumileyo ngenxa yokukhethekileyoUkunganyangekikwaye iphakamileyoukuqhubela phambili, nangona iyoIxabiso eliphezuluimida yokusetyenziswa kwayo kwizicelo ezizodwa.I-titaniumIxabiso ngenxa yayoUkunganyangekikunye nokukwazi ukwenza ukukhuselaoxideungqimba.Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo, isabelo esinentsimbi, i-chromium, kunye nezinye izinto, inika ibhalansi elungileyo yeUkunganyangeki, amandla, kunye nenkcitho. Ukukhetha okukodwaintsimbiKuxhomekeka kwisicelo esithile kunye nendawo yasekhemikhali iya kuba isebenza ngaphakathi.
Kuthekani ngegrafu? Kutheni le nto igrafu enjalo?
Ngelixaizinyithiziqhelekile,igrafuiphumile njenge-non-metricIzinto ze-electrode. Igrafu ngumqhubi olungileyowombane ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esahlukileyo. I-atom nganye ye-carbon ngaphakathiigrafuibotshwe kwezinye ezintathu, ishiya enye yasimahlai-elektroniinokuhamba ngokukhululekileyo ngaphakathi kwezingqengqelelo, igalelo kwiUkuqhutywa kombane. Ngokubalulekileyo,igrafuinika imbekoUkunganyangekiNgokonaiinkqubo ze-elektroniki, yenze ilungele ezahlukeneyoi-electrolysisizicelo, nokuba kunoburharhaElectrolytes. Xa kuthelekiswa nexabiso elifanelekileyoizinyithinjengeiplatinam, igrafuInexabiso elikhulu kakhulu. Indibaniselwano yeUkuqhutywa okuphezulu, Ukunganyangeki, kwayeixabiso eliphantsiyenzaigrafuinqweneleka kakhuluIzinto ze-electrode. Uya kuhlala uyifumanaI-phydite rodsokanyeigrafuiibhloko ezisetyenziswa njengeelectrodesKwimizi-mvelisoi-electrolysisIinkqubo zokuveliswa kwe-chlorine kunye ne-aluminium, phakathi kwezinye. IUkufikelela ngokululakwayeI-bulk ye-BulkUkufumaneka ngakumbi ngegalelo ngakumbi ekusebenziseni kwayo.
Ukhetho lwezinto ezibonakalayo ezichaphazela iinkqubo ze-elektroniki?
IUkukhetha kweZixhobo zeMibonisoinefuthe elinzulu ekusebenzeni nakwisiphumo seiinkqubo ze-elektroniki. IUkuqhutywa kombaneyei-electrodeIphembelela ngokuthe ngqo iI-Voltageifuneka ukuqhuba impendulo. InkuluIzinto ezisebenzayoUkunciphisa ilahleko yamandla ngenxa yokumelana. Ielectrochemicaliipropathi zeIzinto ze-electrode.i-electrolysis. Umzekelo, usebenzisa iIzinto ze-electrodeNgokuphathelele phambili kakhulu kwindalo yeoksijini emanzinii-electrolysisinokufuna amandla amaninzi ukuvelisa i-hydrogen. IUkunganyangekiyei-electrodechaza umphefumlo wayo kunye nokucoceka kweemveliso. Ukubai-electrodeI-corrode, i-ion yentsimbi inokungcolisaElectrolytekunye neemveliso zokugqibela. Ngapha koko, iindawo yomphezuluyei-electrodeinefuthe phantsi kwenqanaba lokuphendula; aindawo enkulu yomphezuluibonelela ngeendawo ezininzi zeUkudluliselwa kwe-elektroni, ekhokelela kwimpendulo ekhawulezileyo.
Yeyiphi eminye imizekelo ethile yezicelo ezithile ze-elecrode ngaphaya kwe-electrolysis?
Ngelixai-electrolysissisicelo esikhulu,electrodeszibalulekile kuluhlu olubanzi lwenye itekhnoloji. Ngaphakathiiiseli zepetroli, electrodeskhonza njengabakhathaliyoelectrochemicalUkuphendula okuvelisa umbane kwi-fuels njenge-hydrogen. IIzinto ze-electrodengaphakathiiiseli zepetrolikufuneka ibe yeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwayei-corrosioni--urestident. NgaphakathiumatshiniIinkqubo ze-Eng njengokuphumeza kombane (i-EDM),i-electrodeyenziwe ngezinto ezinobuchuleigrafuokanyeubheduzisetyenziselwa ukuphelisa aumsebenzi wokusebenzangokulawulwaUkukhutshelwa kombane. Ukuchaneka kwayeubunzimayeIzinto ze-electrodezibalulekile e-Edm.Electrodeszikwizinto ezisisiseko kwiibhetri, kubandakanyaIbhetri ye-lithium-ion, phiigrafuihlala isetyenziswa njengeanodeisixhobo. Ngapha koko, ngaphakathii-electronalyticalchemistry, ekhethekileyoelectrodes, njengeidiski yediski ejikelezayo, zisetyenziselwa ukufunda iindlela zokuphendula kunye nezinto ezibonakalayo. Le mizekelo ibalaselisa ukubaluleka kweelectrodesnokubaluleka kokukhetha ngokufanelekileyoIzinto ze-electrodekwisicelo ngasinye esithile.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-electrode eyakhayo kunye ne-cathodede?
Nangayiphi naelectrochemicaliseli, nokuba yiyoi-electrolysisiseli okanye ibhetri, zimbini ezibalulekileyoelectrodes: II-electrode eyakhayokwaye ii-cathode. Imigaqoanodekwayei-cathodeChaza indlela yokuhamba kwangoku. Ianodekulapho i-oxidation iyenzeka, kwaye yiyoi-electrodengokuhamba kwesiqhelo ngokuhambakwiisixhobo. Kwii-electrolysisiseli, ianodeIngaba iI-electrode eyakhayo. Ngokuchaseneyo,i-cathodeNgaba apho kuncitshiso khona, kwaye yiyoi-electrodengokuhamba kwesiqhelo ngokuhambangaphandleyesixhobo. Kwii-electrolysisiseli, iI-Cathode electrode kufunekayibaihlawulisiwe kakubi. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba uphawu lwei-electrode(I-Hous okanye i-Dof) inokuxhomekeka ekubeni iseli ichitha umbane (njengei-electrolysis) okanye ukuvelisa umbane (njengebhetri). Nangona kunjalo, iinkcazo zeanode(oxidation) kwayei-cathode(Ukuncitshiswa) HLALA.
Ngaba zikho ezinye izinto ezingezizo ezingezizo zentsimbi ngaphandle kwegrafiti?
NgelixaigrafuNgaba i-non-metallic engaqhelekangaIzinto ze-electrode, naziezinye iintlobo ezininziisetyenziswe kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.Ukuqhuba izinto zePolymers, umzekelo, bayinkcitho ngenxa yaboUkuguquguquka okuhlekunye nokubanakho kokusetyenziswa ngempumelelo. Ezi polymers zinokuba njalongokwendlela ye-electrocamicallyiguqulwe ukuphucula kwaboukuqhubela phambili. I-carbon-esekweI-nanomastetials njengeigraphenekunye ne-carbon natoutubs (UKUSETYENZISWA KWE-CSS) Kukwafundwa ngenxa yokukhethekileyoukuqhubela phambilikwayeindawo enkulu yomphezulu, ebanzisanga iziceloI-Hybrid Supercaciterskunye nezinyiso eziphambili.OxideIzixhobo, ngakumbiintsimbi yentsimbithandai-rhehenium oxide(ROO2) kunye ne-Iridiumoxide(Iro2), isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengokoIzinto ze-electrodeKwizicelo ezifuna umsebenzi ophezulu, ezinjengeekoygen indaleko emanzinii-electrolysis. I-carbon evuliwe, ngokuphakama kwaboindawo yomphezulu, zihlala zisetyenziswa kwizixhobo ze-supercacitors zokugcina amandla. Nezinto ezinjeI-Silicon carbideFumana izicelo ze-niche njengeelectrodesphantsi kweemeko ezithile.
Zeziphi izinto eziphambili ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha i-elektroniki?
Xa ukhetha ilungeloIzinto ze-electrode, Izinto ezininzi zifuna ukuqwalaselwa ngononophelo.Ukuqhutywa kombaneihlala ixhalabisa iphambili ekuhanjisweni kwentlawulo efanelekileyo.Ukunganyangekiibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ii-electrodeUbomi obude kwaye bakhusele ungcoliseko. Ielectrochemicaliwindow yeisixhobo, echaza uluhlu lweI-Voltagengaphezulu kwei-electrodeuzinzile, ibalulekile. Iindawo yomphezulukwaye ukhathalelo lwei-electrodeinokuchaphazela kakhulu amaxabiso okwenza izinto, ngakumbi kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo. Iipropathi zoomatshini, ezinjeubunzimanamandla, zibalulekile kwii-electrodeUkuqina. Iindleko kunye nokufumaneka kukuqwalaselwa okusebenzayo, ngakumbi kwizicelo ezinkulu zemveliso. Okokugqibela, imeko ethile yekhemikhali kunye nenjongoiinkqubo ze-elektronikiUya kuvuma ukufaneleka kwento ethileIzinto ze-electrode. Abaphandi bahlala behlola intshaI-nanomastetialskwayeI-Multilayer ElectrodeUyilo lokwandisa ezi ndawo.
Ndingazifunda phi ngakumbi malunga ne-electrochemists yezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zombane?
Kwabo bafuna ulwazi olunzulu malunga nobunzima beIzinto ze-electrodekunye nokuziphatha kwabo,Izihloko zenzululwaziinikezela ngobutyebi bolwazi. Esi sixhobo se-Intanethi sinika uviwa ogqithiso olubanzi lwezifundo ezahlukeneyo zesayensi kunye nobugcisa, kubandakanya neengxoxo ezineenkcukachai-electrochemistry, eyahlukileyoIzinto ze-electrode, kunye nezicelo zabo. Ungafumana iinkcazo ezinzulu zeUkudluliselwa kwe-elektroniiindlela,electrochemicalIIMPENDULO NGOKUGQIBELAi-electrodeiindawo ezinokubakho emva kweendlela ezifanaelektrodiyo. UkuhlolaIzihloko zenzululwaziuhlobene neelectrodes, i-electrolysis, kunye nezinto ezithile ezifanaigrafu, iplatinam, kwayeintsimbi yentsimbis ziya kubonelela ngesiseko esomeleleyo sokuqonda le ntsimi inomdla nebaluleke kakhulu. Unokufumana ulwazi olunxulumene nokukhethekileyoi-electrodeiintlobo ezifana neI-graphite i-icode, i-charbon ye-vitreon ehlelweyo, okanye nokumiliselwa kubandakanyaI-mesh engenasitayile. Khumbula, ukuqonda intsingiselo yeIzinto ze-electrode ziyasebenzaIqhosha lokuqhubela phambili iitekhnoloji ezininzi.
Iqhosha le-Geaways:
- ElectrodesNgaba ababalulekileyo ngabaqhubi abaqhubela phambiliUkudluliselwa kwe-elektronikwiinkqubo ezifanai-electrolysis.
- Iimpawu eziphambili zokulungileyoIzinto ze-electrodeQuka okuphakamileyoUkuqhutywa kombane, Ukunganyangekinamandla omatshini.
- Izinyithinjengeubhedu, iplatinam, kwayeI-titaniumziqhelekileIzinto ze-electrodengenxa yaboukuqhubela phambili.
- IgrafuNgaba lukhetho olungathethekiyo olungeyoUkuqhubela phambili kombane, Ukunganyangeki, kwayeixabiso eliphantsi.
- IUkukhetha kweZixhobo zeMibonisoichaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nesiphumo seiinkqubo ze-elektroniki.
- ElectrodesFumana izicelo ezingaphayai-electrolysis, kubandakanya ngaphakathiiiseli zepetrolikwayeumatshiniIng (i-EDM).
- Ianodekulapho i-oxidation iyenzeka khona, kunye nei-cathodeyindawo apho kuncitshiswa khona.
- Ngaphandleigrafu, enye i-itallicIzinto ze-electrodekubandakanyaUkuqhuba izinto zePolymers kunye ne-carbon nanomasmamatialsigraphene.
- Ukukhetha ilungeloIzinto ze-electrodeifuna ukuthathelwa ingqalelo ngenyameko yayoukuqhubela phambili, i-corrosionUkuxhathisa, iindleko, kunye nesicelo esithile.
- Izixhobo ezinjeIzihloko zenzululwaziNika ulwazi oluxabisekileyo kwii-electrochemistryeyahlukileyoIzinto ze-electrode.
Sinikezela ngoluhlu oluphezuluigrafuIimveliso ezifanelekileyo ngokwahlukeneyoi-electrodeizicelo. Cinga ukuphonononga kwethuI-Ecpitite ePhakamileyo ye-Eclineukufunwai-electrolysisiinkqubo okanye yethuI-graphite yegrafu ye-graphite ye-electrodeskwizicelo ezizodwa. Unokufumana kwakhona izinto ezihle kakhulu kwizicelo ze-EDM kwi-Amandla aphezulu ebhloko.
Ixesha leposi: 01-20-2025
