Igrafu eBanzi yeGrafiti

Eli nqaku libonelela ngokunzulu kwimiba ebaluleke kakhulu echaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwegrafu ye-elektroniki kwiziko lombane ze-ARC (EAF). Ukuqonda ezi zinto kubalulekile kwii-mills zentsimbi, iziseko, kunye neenkampani ze-metallggrarggerggy ezijolise ekwenzeni imisebenzi yazo, ukunciphisa iindleko, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle. Esi sikhokelo sikufanele ukuba sifundwe kuba sinika ukuqonda okusebenzayo ukusuka kwimbono yomenzi onamathuba, ukubonelela ngolwazi olusebenzayo ukuphucula ukusebenza kwakho.

Yintoni igrafu yokusetyenziswa kwe-elektrode e-Ectrose kwi-EAF ye-EAF?

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-electrode electrode kubhekisele kwinani lemifanekiso ye-elektrode ye-elektrode esetyenziswayo ngexesha le-Arc ye-ARC ye-ARC (EAF) yenkqubo yensimbi. Olu ncedo lulinganiswa ngeekhilogrem zegrafu nganye ye-ton yentsimbi (kg / t). Iisithando somliloisebenzisa i-ARCS enamandla aphezulu, iveliswe yiigrafu electroniki, ukunyibilikaI-Scrapintsimbi kunye nezinye izinto ezingafunekiyo. IInkqubo yokunyibilikainamandla, ibandakanya kakhuluIqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, kwaye ke ngokuqinisekileyo ikhokelela ekukhokeleni ngokuthe ngcembe kunye nokusebenzisa iElectrodes ngombanei-arcisithando somlilo.

Inkqubo inzima, kwaye izinto ezininzi eziguquguqukayo zichaphazela inqanaba leUkusetyenziswa kwe-electrode. Yindleko ezisebenzayo zokusebenza kwe-EAF ye-EAF, ukuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo inzuzo kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso. Ukuqonda kunye nokulawulaUkusetyenziswa kwe-elektrodesyeyona njongo iphambili kuyo nayiphi naI-Steeelmenkingukusebenza.

Kutheni le nto ukulungiswa kwe-electrode kubalulekile?

UkuqondaIgrafu yokusetyenziswa kwe-electrodeibalulekile ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi, ezichaphazela zombini izinto ezisebenzayo kunye nezezimali ze-EAFI-Steeelmenking. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-elektrodeIgrafu electronikiziindleko ezinkulu, kwaye zinciphise ukusetyenziswa kwazo zinokuphucula kakhulu umgca osezantsi kwi-Mills yentsimbi.

Ukungaphaya kweendleko, ukusetyenziswa kwe-elektrode ngempumelelo kunegalelo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle. Ukusetyenziswa okukhulu kwe-electrode «Inqaku elincitshisiweyo lokutyibilikwa ixesha elide kunye nokunyusa imveliso. Ingayichaphazela kakuhle ukuguquguquka kweInkqubo yokunyibilika, ekhokelela kwintsimbi esemgangathweni ephezulu. Ngokufanelekileyoisithando somliloukusebenza kwaye uncitshisweUkusetyenziswa kwe-electrodeKukwanegalelo kwindalo esincinci yokusingqongileyo ngokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kwayeukukhutshwa.

Zeziphi izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwegraphite

EzininziIzinto ezichaphazela Igrafu yokusetyenziswa kwe-electrodekwi-EAFI-Steeelmenking. Ezi zinto zinokuhlelwa ngokubanzi zibe ziindidi ezintathu: Iipropathi ze-electrode,isithando somliloIiparamitha zokusebenza, kunye nezinto ezinxulumene nezinto eziphathekayo.

Izinto eziphambiliIbandakanya:

1. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-etrodeOlu lukhuthazo ngqo lweIngcebiso ye-electrodeNgenxa yobushushu obukhulu kunye nokuphendula kwekhemikhali kwi-ARC.Icephuichukunyiswa zizinto ezifanaUkuxinana okwangoku, I-Voltage, kwayeUzinzo lwe-arc.
2. I-Ectrode Eadewall Oxidation:Oku kubhekisa kwioxidationyomphezulu we-electrode kunye nobude bayo.Ukuphulukana kwe-oxidationngokuyintloko ibangelwa kukuvezwa kweoksijini kunye nezinye iiarhente ze-oxiding kwiisithando somliloImozulu kwiIqondo lokushisa eliphezulu.
3. Ukwaphuka: Igrafu electronikizibrittle kwaye zinokuba njaloUkusetyenziswa ngenxaukuyaukwaphuka, le inokuba kungenxa yeumgangatho okanye ukungalungangaukusebenza kwe-electrode.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqonde kwaye ulawule eziIzinto eziphambiliukuphucula iUbomi benkonzo kunye nokusetyenziswayeIgrafu yamandla e-Electrodes.

Unjani umgangatho wokusebenzisa impembelelo ye-Electros eqinileyo?

IUmgangatho we-electrodesyenye yezona zintoIzinto ezibalulekileyoukuphembelela ukusetyenziswa. Umgangatho ophezuluigrafu electroniki, ngokwesiqhelo senziwe kwipremiyamuInaliti cokeokanyeI-Petroleum Coke, bonisa iipropathi eziphezulu ezikhokelela kumanqanaba asezantsi osetyenziso. Ezi ndawo zibandakanya:

• Ukuqhutywa kombane okuphezulu:Ngconoukuqhubela phambiliUkunciphisa ilahleko yamandla kwaye kunciphisa ubushushu obuveliswe ngaphakathi kwi-electrode ngokwayo, thambisa iInkqubo yokunyibilikakunye nokusebenzisa.
• Ukunganyangeki kombane okuphantsi:Oku kunciphisa ukubethelwa kukaJoule, nto leyo enegalelo ekunxibe i-elektroniki.
• Ukuqhutywa okukhulu kwe-surmal:Ukuchitheka okusebenzayo kobushushu kuya kuthintela ukugqithisa kwendawo kunye nokunciphisaoxidationkwayeUkukhanya.
• Ukunganyangeki kwe-oxidation okugqwesileyo:Umgangatho ophezuluIzinto zegrafuichaphazeleka engaphantsioxidation, ukusongeza ixesha layo lobomi.
• Amandla oMatshini oPhezulu:I-Encroder eyomeleleyo iphantsi kweukwaphukakunye nokutshisa.
• Ukunganyangeki kwe-thermalAmandla okumelana nokuhamba ngokukhawuleza kweqondo lobushushu ngaphandle kokuqhekeka.

Ukukhethaigrafu electronikiihlangabezana nemigangatho yengqolo yehlabathi kwaye ilunge ngakumbiUkunganyangeki kothusayo kwi-elektrodes ye-elektronikiibalulekile ekusebenziseni ukusetyenziswa.

Ngaba yeyiphi intsebenziswano yokusebenza kwiDlulelo lokusetyenziswa kwe-electrode?

Isithando somliloIiparamitha zokusebenza zinefuthe elibonakalayo kwiUkusetyenziswa kwe-electrode. Izinto ezininzi eziphambili zibandakanyekile:

• Ukuxinana okwangoku:NgaphezuluUkuxinana okwangokukukhokelela ekunyukeni ubushushu kwiIngcebiso ye-electrode, ukukhawulezisa ukusetyenziswa.
• I-Voltage:Ilunge ngakumbiI-VoltageIzicwangciso zibalulekile. NgokugqithileyoI-Voltageinokubangela ukungazinzi kwe-ARC kwaye inyukeoxidation. IchanekileI-Voltage kunye okwangokuzibalulekile ukugcina i-arc ezinzileyo.
• Ubude be-ARC:Ukugcina ichanekileubude be-ARCibalulekile. Mfutshane kakhulu i-arc inokubangela ukufudumeza kakhulu kweIngcebiso ye-electrode, ngelixa i-arc ide ikhokelela ekungazinzini kwaye inyukeoxidation. Ngokwesiqhelo,I-ARCS ephakathi nefutshanebaqeshiwe.
• Igalelo lamandla:Igalelo lamandla ngokubanzi kwiisithando somliloIchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amandla afumanekayo ukuze anyibilike kwaye, ngenxa yoko, irhafu yokusetyenziswa kwe-electrode. IUkukhetha amandlaIiparameter zidlala indima ephambili.
• Inkqubo yokumisela i-electrode:Inkqubo yokumiselwa ngokulandelelana iqinisekisa ulawulo lwe-ARC olugqibeleleyo, ukunciphisaisishwankathelokunye nokucutha ukusetyenziswa.I-arc yangokukufuneka zizinzile.
• Ukupholisa kwamanzi:NgokufanelekileyoUkuphola kwamanziAbanini-e-electrode banceda ekunciphiseni ubushushu kwaye banciphiseoxidation.

Kufanelekileisithando somliloUkusebenza, kubandakanya ukulawulwa ngononophelo kwezi parameter, kubalulekile ekufezekiseni ngokupheleleyoUkusetyenziswa kwe-electrode.

Igalelo njani le-oxidation kwigrafu yokusebenzisa i-elektrode?

OxidationIgalelo elikhulu kwiIgrafu yokusetyenziswa kwe-electrode. Yenzeka xa ishushuigrafu electrodeI-projeks ngeoksijini kwiisithando somliloI-Atmosphere, i-carbon monoxide (CO) kunye ne-carbon diokside (CO2). Le nkqubo ngokuthe ngcembe itya kwi-elektroni ye-electrode, inciphisa ububanzi bayo kunye nobomi.

Izinto ezininzi zinefuthe kumanqanaba eoxidation:

• Iqondo lokushisa:Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu akhawulezisa ioxidationinkqubo.
• Uxinzelelo lweoksijini:Ukwanda kweoksijini kwiisithando somliloImozulu ikhokelela phezuluoxidationamaxabiso.
• Ukuhamba kwegesi:Ireyithi ephezulu yokuhamba kwegesi inganyusa ukuhanjiswa kweoksijini kwiUmphezulu we-electrode, ukukhuthazaoxidation.
• I-electrode Coomd:Ezinye ii-electrode zinezikhuselo ezikhuselayo ezinceda ukunciphisaoxidation. Anti-oxidationIingubo zangaphantsi zinokwandisa kakhulu ubomi be-elektrode.

UkunciphisaUkuphulukana kwe-oxidationibalulekile ekwenzeni ubomi be-elektrode. Oku kunokufezekiswa ngokulawula ngononopheloisithando somliloI-Atmosferal, usebenzisa efanelekileyoioksijiniIindlela zobuchule, kunye nokusebenzisa i-elektrode ngengubo esebenzayo ye-oxidation.

Ngaba unokwenza ukonyuswa kwe-elektroniki yonyusa ukusetyenziswa?

Ewe, i-electrodeukwaphukainokunyuka kakhuluUkusetyenziswa kwe-electrode. Igrafu electronikizibrittle, kwaye ngelixa beyilelwe ukumelana noxinzelelo lwenziwa yi-EAF, banokuzaphula phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Ukuqhekezwa kunokubangelwa:

• I-thermal yothuka:Utshintsho lobuchule obunobunkumelo lunokuphembelela uxinzelelo olukhokelela ekuqhekekeni kwayeukwaphuka.
• Uxinzelelo lomatshini:Amandla agqithisileyo, anjengezo zibangelwa kukuwaIntsimbi yentsimbiokanye ukuphatha kakubi, kunokubangela ukugqatswa.
• Iziphene ezibonakalayo:Iimpazamo zangaphakathi okanye ukungangqinelani kwimibandela ye-electrode kunokwenza buthathaka kwaye kwandise umngcipheko weukwaphuka.
• I-fient engahambelaniyo: Sebenzisa i-torque kunye neenkqubo ezichanekileyo kubalulekile.
• Ikholamu yekholamu ye-electrode: Ukuhlalisa okugqithisileyo kunokubangela ukuqhekeka.

Xa ikhefu le-electrode, icandelo elikhulu layo lingaqhelekanga, likhokelela kunyuka kakhuluUkusetyenziswa kwe-elektrode ye-elektrode. Ukuthintelaukwaphukayindawo ephambili yokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-elektrode.

Wenza njani ukuba uqiniseke ukubaluleka kombane: Iindlela ezilungileyo kakhulu

UkuqhubaIgrafu yokusetyenziswa kwe-electrodeIfuna indlela epheleleyo, ebandakanya ukhetho lwe-electrode,isithando somliloUkusebenza, kunye nokulungisa. Nazi ezinye iindlela ezilungileyo:

• Khetha i-elektrodes ephezulu:Khetha i-electrode ngeepropathi ezifanelekileyo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali, ezifanelekileyo okuthileisithando somlilokunye neemeko zokusebenza.
• Qinisekisa iParameting yokuSebenza:Ulawulo ngononopheloUkuxinana okwangoku, I-Voltage, ubude be-ARC, kunye negalelo lamandla lokunciphisa i-electrode.
• Gcina i-Arc eqingqiweyo:Qinisekisa i-Arc eqingqiweyo ngommiselo ofanelekileyo we-electrode kunye nolawulo lwe-slag chemistry.
• Nciphisa i-oxidation:Lawula iisithando somliloImozulu, sebenzisa iindlela ezifanelekileyo zeoksijini, kwaye uqwalasele i-electrode ngengubo ye-anti-oxidation.
• Thintela ukwaphuka:Bamba i-electrode ngononophelo, phephe ukothuka, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba kufanelekile ukuqinisa.
• Vavanya ii-elektroniki:Ukubeka iliso kwimeko ye-electrode kwaye uchonge naziphi na iimpawu zomonakalo okanye ukunxiba kakhulu.
• I-electrode efanelekileyo:Landela iinkqubo ezicetyiswayo ukongeza amacandelo amatsha e-electrode.
• Yenza i-scrap sharmation:Ukuqinisekiswa kokuhanjiswa okufanelekileyo kwe-SCRAP ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-electrodes.
• Uqeqesho loMsebenzisi:UQEQESHO OQHAWULEKILEYO NGEXESHA LOKUGQIBELAisithando somliloUkusebenza kunye nolawulo lwe-electrode.
• Uhlalutyo lwedatha: Landela idatha yokusetyenziswa kwe-electrode yokuchonga iindlela kunye neendawo zophuculo.

Ngokuphunyezwa kwezi ntshukumo zilungileyo, iinyibilika zentsimbi zinokunciphisa kakhuluUkusetyenziswa kwe-electrode, okukhokelela kwisongela indleko kunye nokuphuculwa kokusebenza kakuhle.

Ngawaphi amabanga ahlukeneyo e-electros kunye nefuthe labo?

Igrafu electronikiziyafumaneka kumabanga ahlukeneyo, nganye ineepropathi ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu zentsebenzo. AmaBanga aphambili:

• Amandla aqhelekileyo (RP):Le yimigangatho ye-electros ilungele iziko elincinci elinemfuno yamandla asezantsi.
• Amandla aphezulu (HP):Ezi electrods zenzelwe izibongo eziphezulu zombane kwaye zinike ukuphuculwa kokuphucula umbane kunye nokuchasana kwe-thermal eyothusayo xa kuthelekiswa ne-RP Electrodes.
• I-Ultra enkulu yamandla (UhP):Le yeyona nto iphakamileyo i-electrodes, yenziwa kwipremiyamuInaliti cokekwaye yenzelwe ezona zinto zifunwayo zifuna imisebenzi ye-EAF. I-UHP ye-Electrodes incokorment intsebenzo ngokwendlela yokuqhutywa kombane, ukuxhathisa ukothuka, kwayeoxidationUkuxhathisa.

Ukukhetha iBakala le-electrode kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zeisithando somlilokwaye iI-Steeelmenkinginkqubo. Ukusebenzisa inqanaba elifanelekileyo kubalulekile ekufezekiseni ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuncitshiswaUkusetyenziswa kwe-electrode. Sebenzisa i-Wehp Ectrode kwinqanaba eliphantsiisithando somliloIngabiza kakhulu, ngelixa usebenzisa i-elektrode ye-rp kwi-Eightisithando somliloikhokelela ekugqithisweniukuselwakunye nokubanakhoukwaphuka.

Ndingawukhetha njani umthengisi wasekunene kwigrafu electros?

Ukukhetha umthengisi ofanelekileyo weigrafu electronikisisigqibo esibalulekileyo esinokuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kwakho kwe-EAF. Khawuqwalasele ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Udumo kunye namava:Khetha umthengisi ngerekhodi eqinisekisiweyo kunye namava abanzi kwishishini.UAllen waseTshayina, enemigca eyi-7 yemveliso, umele olu hlobo lwabathengisi abathembekileyo.
• Umgangatho wemveliso:Qinisekisa ukuba umthengisi ubonelela nge-elektrods ekumgangatho ophezulu ohlangabezana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye neemfuno zakho ezithile.Gxila kwiimpawu ezifana nokuxhathisa kombane ophantsi, ukuqhutywa kwe-right ephakamileyo, kunye nokuchasana okuqinisekileyo kwe-oxidation.
• Uxhaso lobuchwepheshe:Khetha umthengisi obonelela ngenkxaso yezobugcisa kwaye unokukunceda ngokukhetha i-electrode,isithando somliloUlungiselelo, kunye nokuhlaziya ingxaki.Oku kujongana neentetho zentlungu ye-thompson ye-thompson yokuphelisa ubuchwephesha bobuchwephesha.
• Izixhobo kunye nokuHanjiswa:Qinisekisa ukuba umthengisi unezakhono ezinokuthenjwa kwaye angenise i-electros ngexesha lokuphepha ukulibaziseka kwemveliso.Oku kuthetha ngokuthe ngqo inkxalabo yokuxhalaba malunga nokulibaziseka.
• Izatifikethi:Qinisekisa ukuba umthengisi uneziqinisekiso ezifanelekileyo, njengamanqanaba ee-ISO, ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokuthobela.Oku kunciphisa ixhala likaMark malunga nobuqhetseba besiqinisekiso.
• Amaxabiso:Ngelixa ixabiso libalulekile, ayifanele ibe yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Cinga ngexabiso elipheleleyo, kubandakanya umgangatho wemveliso, inkonzo kunye nenkxaso.Yamkela into oyithandayo yamaxabiso okhuphiswano ngelixa ugxininisa ukubaluleka komgangatho.
• Unxibelelwano: Qinisekisa ukuba umthengisi unenkxaso yamagama amaninzi kwaye uyafumaneka ngexesha leyure yokwenza isicelo.Oku kujongana nenqaku leentlungu zikaMarpala malunga nonxibelelwano olungalunganga.
• Izalathiso: Cela kwaye ujonge izingqinisiso kwabanye abathengi.

Ngokuzihlola ngononophelo ezi zinto, unokukhetha umthengisi ohlangabezana neemfuno zakho kwaye uyanceda ukuba ufezekise kakuhleigrafu electrodeintsebenzo. Ukusebenza ngomthengisi othembekileyo njengomzi-mveliso we-china, okuthunyelwa kwelinye ilizwe kwiimarike eziphambili ezinjenge-USA, eNyakatho Melika, eYurophu nase-Australia, unokubonelela ngoxolo lwengqondo kwaye uncede.

Yeyiphi indlela yexesha elizayo enxulumene ne-elektrode ye-elektrode?

Iindlela ezininzi ezivelayo zizonakalisa ikamva leigrafu electronikikwi-EAFI-Steeelmenking:

• Ibango elonyukayo le-UHP electrodes:Njengoko i-EAFS iba nkulu kwaye inamandla ngakumbi, imfuno ye-UHP ye-UHP, enokuphatha uxinzelelo lwangoku kwaye lisebenze kakuhle, kulindeleke ukuba likhule.
• Gxila kuzinzo:II-SteeelmenkingUmzi mveliso uphantsi koxinzelelo olongezelelekileyo lokunciphisa ifuthe laso. Olu luqhuba uphando kunye nophuhliso ukuba luzinzo oluzinzileyoigrafu electrodeIinkqubo zemveliso kunye nezixhobo, ezinjengee-bibors ezisekwe kunye negrafu ehlaziyiweyo.
• I-caatsings ePhambili:Ukuphuhliswa kweengubo ze-anti-oxidation ngakumbi kuyaqhubeka, kujolise ekuqhubeleni phambili uBomi be-elektrode kwaye unciphiseukuselwa.
• I-Enctrodes Electrodes:Umdibaniso wezinzwa kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha ngaphakathiigrafu electronikiiyaphononongwa. "I-Smart" Electrodes inokubonelela ngedatha yexesha lokwenyani kwimozulu ye-electrode kunye nendlela yokusebenza, eyenza ukuba ilawulwe ngakumbi yokulawula nokusebenza kwenkqubo ye-EAF.
• Ezenzekelayo: Ukunyuka kwe-Automation kwi-electrode ukuphatha kunye nokutshintsha ukuphucula ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
• Ezinye izinto ezingafunekiyo: Uphando luqhutywa ekusebenziseni ezinye izinto ezingafunekiyo ukunciphisa ukuthembela kwi-Petroleum Coke.

Ezi meko zibonisa ukugxila okuqhubekayo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwe-elektrode, ukunciphisaukuselwa, kunye nokuphucula uzinzo lwe-EAFI-Steeelmenking.

Iqhosha lezitshixo

• Igrafu yokusetyenziswa kwe-electrodeYinto ebalulekileyo kwi-Eas Steeelmenking, iindleko zempembelelo, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nenqanaba lokusingqongileyo.
• IIzinto eziphambiliUkusetyenziswa kokusetyenziswa yipropathi ye-electrode,isithando somliloUkusebenza kweeparamitha, kunye ne-oxidation.
• Ukukhetha umgangatho ophezuluigrafu electroniki, ukwenzaisithando somliloukusebenza, kunye nokunciphisaoxidationzibalulekile ekusebenziseni ukusetyenziswa.
• I-electrodeukwaphukainokunyusa ukusetyenziswa ngokutsha kwaye kufuneka ithintelwe.
• Ukukhetha umthengisi othembekileyo ngerekhodi eqinisekisiweyo, iimveliso ezisemgangathweni, kunye nenkxaso ebalaseleyo kubalulekile.
• Ukuqonda iukunyibilika kunye nenkqubo yezixhobo zombane ze-ARCibalulekile ekulawuleniUkusetyenziswa kwe-electrodes.
• IIziko lombane ezahlukeneyokunye nefuthe labo leparameterigrafu elecliterodes ngombaneIziko le-ARC.
• Iindlela eziqhubekayo, njengokusetyenziswa kwe-UHP kwaye kugxilwe kuzinzo, kuya kudala ikamva lemifanekiso yegrafu.
• Ukubeka iliso kunye nokuqalisa i-electrodeUkusetyenziswa kwiItoni yentsimbi evelisiweyo ibalulekile.
• Ngokuqonda ubudlelwane phakathi kweUkusetyenziswa kwegrafukwaye iIzinto ezahlukeneyoUkubandakanyeka, abaqhubi be-EAF bangenza izigqibo ezizizo zokuphucula ukusebenza nokunciphisa iindleko.
• I-Insovauvations yexesha elizayo iya kuqhubeka nokujongana nemiceli mngeni kwayeyenza incincikodwa ukuphuculwa okukhulu kokuncitshiswaUkusetyenziswa kakhulungaphakathi kwishishini.

Ngokuphunyezwa kwezona ndlela zilungileyo kunye nokuhlala uzisiwe malunga neendlela zeshishini, iimayile zentsimbi zinokuphumelelaigrafu electrodeintsebenzo kunye negalelo kwizinto ezinzileyo nefanelekileyoI-Steeelmenkingishishini.
MalungaIgrafu electrode, zive ukhululekile ukukhangela iphepha lethu lasekhaya. SikwabonelelaIibhloko zegrafu, zive ukhululekile ukucela iikowuteshini. Unokufunda ngakumbi malungaIgrafu ye-electrode yexabiso nge-2024 ihlaziyiwe

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