Inkosi yobugcisa: Imiyalelo yenyathelo lenyathelo lokucoca igrafiki ye-elektrode

Igrafu eleckite lezinto zibalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemizi-mveliso, ngakumbi kwiziko le-ARC le-ARC (EAF) kwimveliso yentsimbi nakwizicelo ezahlukeneyo ze-elektroniki. Imeko yei-electrodeImpembelelo ngokuthe ngqo intsebenzo, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nobomi obude. Igcinwe okanye igcinwe ngokungafanelekangai-electrodeingakhokelela ekubeni inyukeukuselwa, ukusebenza ngokomoya, kunye nentlekeleukwaphuka. Esi sikhokelo sinikezela ngokubanziumyalelomalunga nendlela efanelekileyoicocekilekwaye ugcine eyakhoigrafu electrodeUmphezulu, ukuzoba ukusuka kwi-Instals yomzi-mveliso. Nokuba ungumsebenzi we-EAF onjengophawu lwe-thompson, oxakekileyo ngomgangatho kunye nokusebenza kwexabiso, okanye ainzululwaziUkulungiselela i-PRCIREelectrochemicalImilinganiselo, ukuqonda ezi nkqubo kubalulekile kwiziphumo eziphezulu. Masibephononongakutheni aicocekile i-electrodeizinto kunye nendlela yokufezekisa.

1. Kutheni le nto i-elektrodrode ye-elektrote ecocekileyo?

Ukusebenza kweigrafu electrodeidityaniswe ngemeko yemeko yendawo yayo. Kwizicelo zobushushu obuphezulu njengeziko lombane ze-ARC, aicocekileUmphezulu uqinisekisa ukuqhutywa kombane ngokugqibeleleyo. I-Compants Act isebenza njengezilwanyana, ukwandisa ukunganyangeki kombane. Oku kunyanzela inkqubo yokutsala amandla amaninzi ukufezekisa ubushushu obufanayo bokunyibilika, okhokelela kumandla aphezuluukuselwakwaye kuncitshiswe ukusebenza-inkxalabo ephambili kubaqhubi beendleko. Ngaphaya koko, ukuhanjiswa okungapheliyo okubangelwa kukungcola komhlaba kunokwenza iindawo ezishushu zengingqi, ukwandisa uxinzelelo lwe-thermal kunye nomngcipheko weukwaphukaokanye ukunxiba kwangaphambili.

Ngaphaya kwe-Eafs, kwielectrochemicalIzicelo,Umphezulu we-electrodekulapho inyathelo liyenzeka-yingqongqoisinxibelelanisi sokukhangelaphakathi kwei-electrodeIzixhobo kunyeElectrolyte. Ungcoliseko unokubhlokheza iisayithi ezisebenzayo, iindlela zokutshintsha kwendlela, okanye zazise ukuphendula okungafunekiyo. Oku kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuchaneka kunye nokuzala kwemilinganiselo. Umzekelo, kwi-voltammetry, emdakaukusebenza kwe-electrodeUmphezulu unokukhokelela ekutshintshweincophoiimilo, zitshintshiweincophoIzinto ezinokubakho, kwaye zincitshisiweuphawuubukhulu, kukwenza kube nzima ukumisela uhlalutyouxinzelelookanye ukufundwa kweendlela zokuphendula. Aicocekile i-electrodeUmphezulu usisiseko sokufumana ukuthembekaelectrochemicalidatha. Ukugcina i-pistinenei-electrodeumphezulu uqinisekisa ukuba ilinganayoelectrochemicalImpendulo ibonisa ngenkqubo ephantsi kophando.

Ukuthembeka kwamanqaku onxibelelwano, ngakumbi iintamboamacandelo aphoezimbini ze-electrodesJoyina nge-apple, ikwabaluleke kakhulu. Ungcoliseko njengothuli okanye igrisi kwiintamboUngayiphazamisa ukuhamba kwangoku kwaye kukhokelele ekuhambeni kakhulu kwiNtlawulo. Le yindawo eqhelekileyo yokusilela, ihlala ikhokelelaukukhulula, ukunyusa ukunganyangeki kombane, okanyeukwaphuka. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba sobabini umzimba ophambiliumphezulukunye nokudibanisaintamboIindawo zisebenza kakuhleicocekileibalulekile kwingqibelelo yombane kunye nombane kuyo yonkei-electrodeikholamu, ngakumbi xa ujongene nobubanzi be-electrodes efuna ukuphakamaitotangexesha lendibano.

2. Ngawaphi amahlano aqhelekileyo igrafikhi yefonti ye-elektrode?

Igrafui-electrodeIindawo eziphezulu zinokungcoliswa ngamanqanaba ohlukeneyo-ngexesha lokugcina, ukuphatha, nokusebenza. Ukuqonda abaqhelekileyo abaqhelekileyo bobuqhetseba kuyanceda ukukhetha iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokucoca. Omnye umthombo ophambiliioyile kunye namanziIntsalela, ihlala idluliselwa kwizixhobo zokuphatha okanye zezandla zabasebenzi. Uthuli kunye namathambisi kwindawo yokugcina okanye kwimozulu yezityalo inokuhlala ngokulula kwiumphezulu, ngakumbi ngaphakathi kwe-porous ye-poiroune iintlobo ezithile zegrafu. Ezi zinokubonakala zincinci, kodwa kwanegama elincinci elinokuba nefuthe kwimpembelelo kwintsebenzo.

Ngexesha lokusebenza, ngakumbi kwi-EAFS,igrafu electronikibavezwa kwiimeko ezinzima. Slag Splash, i-metallicidipozithiamasuntswana, kunye nezinto ezi-oxidd ezinokubambelela ngokuqinileyo kwii-electrode umphezulu. Ezi nkqubo ezingcolisekileyo zenkqubo zihlala zinzima ukuba zisuse kwaye zinokutshintsha kakhulu ii-electrode'sIipropathi zombane kunye ne-thermal. NgaphakathielectrochemicalUseto, ungcoliseko luvela kwiElectrolytengokwayo (ukungcola, iimveliso zokuthambisa), ireferensii-electrodeukuvuza, okanye i-adsorvo yeemolekyuli ezivela kwi-matrix yesampula kwiUmphezulu we-electrode. Ezi ntlobo ze-adsorupes zinokudluliselai-electrode, ukuhambisa i-elektroni.

Kukwabalulekile ukuqwalasela iintsalela ezivela kwinzame okanye imveliso. I-Arhente yokuCoca ngokungafanelekanga okanye izinto eziguqulweyo ze-Phollise (njenge-alumina okanyeidayimaneCola isetyenzisiweelectrochemical i-electrodeUkulungiselela) Amalungiselelo asebenza asebenza njengezingcongconi. Nditsho nokubambelela ekukhuseleniiteyiphuisetyenziswei-electrodeImisonto inokushiya intsalela enamathelayo ukuba ayisuswanga ngokufanelekileyo. Ke ngoko, ukucocwa ngokucokisekileyoInkqubokufuneka isuse ekususeni i-disky nje i-dirt yangaphandle kodwa nawaphi na intsalela enokubakho kwinkqubo yokucoca ngokwayo. Kufuneke sihlalutyaImithombo enokubakho yokujonga ukukhetha esona sicwangciso sokucoca.

3. Izixhobo ezibalulekileyo kunye nezixhobo zoCwangciso olusebenzayo lwe-electrode?

Ukuba nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nezixhobo ngesandla kwenza inkqubo yokucoca ikhuseleke kwaye isebenze ngakumbi. Izinto ezithile ezifunekayo zinokwahluka kancinci kuxhomekeke kwii-electrodeUhlobo kunye nosetyenziso (EAF vs.electrochemical iseli), kodwa ikhithi esisiseko kufuneka ibandakanye:

• Igiya yokhuseleko:Soloko ubeke phambili ukhuseleko. Oku kubandakanya iigloves ezifanelekileyo (E.G., i-nitrle okanye i-nitrene yokuxhathisa izinyibilikisi) kunye neeglasi zokhuseleko okanye iiglasi ukukhusela ngokuchasene ne-splashes kunye namasuntswana aqhelekileyo.
• Ibrashi:Iibhulashi ezithambileyo (njenge-nylon) zikhethwa ngokubanzi ngokucoca rhoqo ukunqanda ukukrala iigrafu electrode umphezulu. Aucingo ibrashi(ngokukhethekileyo ubhedu, ukuthambisa kunokubaintsimbi) inokusetyenziswangobunonoUkususa iidipozithi ezivuthiweyo kwi-electrodes electrodes, kodwa soze zibe kukutyaelectrochemicalelectros. NgqointamboUkucoca iibrashi kukwacetyiswa.
• Amalaphu:I-Lint-free isule okanyeilaphu. Iitawuli zephepha eliqhelekileyo kufuneka zithintelwe.
• Izinyibilikisi:Ukhetho lweisolventKuxhomekeka kwi-componing.
  • I-Iyopropyl Utywala (IPA)okanyei-acetoneNgaba ukhetho oluqhelekileyo lokususa igrisi,ioyile kunye namanzi. Soloko ujonge ukungqinelana okukhethekileyoigrafu electrodeIbakala kunye ne-Dowwream SATAM (ngakumbi ekuthatheni ingqaleloelectrochemical ulingosebenza).
  • I-Deoried (di) amanziokanyemamanzi amisiwekubalulekile ukuba uqonde, ngakumbi ngaphakathielectrochemicalIzicelo, ukuphepha ukwazisa ungcoliseko lwe-Ionic.
• Umoya oxinzelelweyo:Umthombo wokucoceka, owomileyoumoya oxinzelelweyoIbaluleke kakhulu ekuvuthuzeli uthuli olukhulu kunye nenkunkuma, kunye nokomisa ii-electrodeemva kokuhlamba. Qinisekisa ukuba unikezo lomoya lwasimahla lweoyile.
• Izixhobo zePolleding (kwi-electrodes ye-electrodes):UkulungiselelaelectrochemicalElectroderrodes, amabakala ohlukeneyo osasazo afunekayo, anje:
  • I-Alumna Sutorry (E.G., 1.0μm, 0.3μm, 0.05μm)
  • IdayimaneI-Pastes / i-sprays (uluhlu olufanayo lwesahlulo)
  • Iipads eziPhepha (Indwangu ye-Emeryihamba kakhulu kakhulu, amalaphu athile asetyenzisiweyo ayasetyenziswa)
• Izikhongozeli:I-beabs ecocekileyo okanye iitreyi zokubamba izinyibilikisi ngexesha lokuhlamba okanyei-ultrasonicukucoca.

Nantsi itafile ekhawulezileyo:

Ukukhetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo linyathelo lokuqala lokucoca ngokufanelekileyoigrafu electrode.

4. Isikhokelo senyathelo lenyathelo lenyathelo: Ungahlamba ngokukhuselekileyo nangokucoca igrafiti ye-elektroniki?

Ukucocaigrafu electroniki, nokuba zenkulu zezikweni okanye ezincinci zelebhu, zifuna indlela eyiyo indlela. Nantsi ngokubanziInkqubo, onokuziqhelanisa ngokusekwe kwii-electrodeUbungakanani kunye nenqanaba lokungcolisa:

1. Uvavanyo lokuqala noKhuseleko:Beka iiglasi zakho zokhuseleko kunye neegloves.Ngononophelohlolai-electrodekuba nayiphi na ibonakalaumonakalo, ukungcola, okanye ungcoliseko olukhulu. Jongaintamboiindawo ezithile.
2. Icocwa ngokomisa:Sebenzisa i-Hoce, i-oyileumoya oxinzelelweyoukuvuthuza naluphi na uthuli olungenamkhethe kunye namathambisi avela kuyo yonkeumphezulu, kubandakanya nemisonto. Ibrashi ethambileyo inokunceda ukukhupha amasuntswana alandelwayo kancinci. Sebenza kwindawo enomoya ongenampilo.
3. Sula kwi-Solvent (ukuba iyafuneka):Ukuba iintsali zeGrisi (ioyile kunye namanzi) bakhona, moring-freeilaphuNgefanelekileyoisolvent(njenge-isotoptropy utywala). Sula ngobunono iindawo ezingcolileyo. Kunqande ukuthoba ii-electrode, ngakumbi iindidi ezimbi, ngaphandle kokuba ngabomhlamba. Sula kwiindawo ezicocekileyo ukuya kwiindawo ezimnandi. Imisonto, sebenzisa ibrashi enikezelweyo okanye ilaphu elisongelwe ngesixhoboicocekileii-grooves.
4. I-SUBBEALSEITSKuba i-Electrodes ehleliweyo ebomvu kakhulu (E.G., EAFi-electrodenge-slag), ukucoca umatshini kunokuba yimfunekongaphambiliukuhlamba. Oku kunokubandakanyangononopheloUkukrokrela ngesixhobo esingafunekiyo okanye ukusetyenziswa komntu ngobheduucingo ibrashi. Isilumkiso esigqithisileyoiyafuneka ukuphepha ukonakalisa ii-electrode umphezulu. Eli nyathelo ngokubanzihayiisebenza ukufihlakalaelectrochemicalelectros.
5. Hlamba:Ukuba izinyibilikisiwe, okanye ukuhlamba jikelele,hlambaii-electrodengokucokisekileyo. KubaelectrochemicalI-Electrodes, sebenzisa amandla aphezulu e-sulner dis okanye ukucoceka okufanayoisolventisetyenziselwa ukucocwa. Kwi-electros emveni, kuxhomekeke kwiarhente yokucoca kunye neemfuno, amanzihlambailandelwe ngokuqinisekisa ukomelela ngokupheleleyo kusenokwanela. Injongo kukususa yonke imikhondo yearhente yokucoca kunye ne-omphunga. Amantshontsho amaninzi anokuba yimfuneko.
6. Ukomisa:Vumelai-electrodeUkuya kumoya owomileyo ngokupheleleyo kwindawo ecocekileyo. Ungakhawulezisa ukuSebenzisaumoya oxinzelelweyo(Qinisekisa ukuba icocekile). Ukufudumeza okuthambileyo (E.G., kwi-oveni engezantsi kwe-100° c) Unokusetyenziswa, kodwa uphephe amaqondo obushushu amaninzi anokufumanaoxidizeokanye ukothusa igrafu. Ii-electrodekufuneka yomile ngokupheleleyo ngaphambi kokugcinwa okanye ukusetyenziswa, ngakumbi ngaphambi kokudibanisa amalungu okanye ukuntywila kwiElectrolyte. IXESHA LOKUGQIBELA LOMNYANGO OLULANDELAYO LIYAMKANI 30imizukuya kwiiyure ezininzi, kuxhomekeka kubungakanani kunye nokukhathazeka. I-electrode kufuneka ibeivunyelwe ukuba yomengokucokisekileyo.
7. Uvavanyo lokugqibela:Nje ukuba yome, yenza uvavanyo lokugqibela lokuqinisekisa iumphezuluikwahlobo elifanayoicocekilekwaye simahla kwiintsalela okanyeumonakalo. Jonga imisonto kwakhona.

Le ndlela yokucwangciswa iqinisekisa ukubaigrafu electrodeicocwe ngempumelelo ngelixa inciphisa umngcipheko weumonakalo. Khumbula ukuphatha ii-electrodengononophelo kuyo yonke le nkqubo.

5. Iyintoni indima yokucoca i-ultrasonic kwi-elektrodes ye-elektroniki?

I-ultrasonicUkucocwa kubonelela ngendlela yokucoca kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nokuqhekeza okulula okanye ukuxubha. Isebenzisa amaza aphezulu e-free upes avelise iiblub ze-caviting ngaphakathi kulweloisolvent. Ezi gubble issode kufutshane nei-electrodeumphezulu, ukuvelisa i-jets encinci, enamandla kunye neendlela zoxinzelelo zendawo eziguqukayo ezivela kwiumphezulu, kubandakanya iipores kunye neempawu ezinzima ezinje ngemisonto. Cinga ngayo njengesenzo se-microscopic scrubb.

Le ndlela isebenza ngokukhethekileyo ekususeni inkani, i-Gredming programs, iintsalela ezifakwe kwi-surusity, okanye ezingcolisekileyo kwindawo enzima yokufikelela kwingcambu yeintambo. KubaelectrochemicalElectrodes, ai-ultrasonic hlamba(Ngokwesiqhelo 5-15imiz) kwinto efanelekileyoisolvent(Njengamanzi edi okanye i-Iyopropanol) emva kokuba ipoling yokuqala okanye phakathi kovavanyo inokuphucula ukucoceka okungaphezulu kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukuba isebenze ngakumbi, iphinde ivelisei-electrode umphezulu. Inyathelo eliqhelekileyo kwiiprotokholi ezingqongqo ezijolise kwi-pristineUmphezulu we-electrode.

Nangona kunjalo,i-ultrasonicUkucocwa kufuneka kusetyenziswe ngokugwebayo. Amandla amakhulu anokubangela ukuba kube kubangele umhlabaumonakalookanye ukhukuliseko, ngakumbi ngamabakala omzobo wegrafikhi okanye amaxesha abonakale ixesha elide. Kubalulekile:

• Khethakufanelekileisolventiyahambelana negrafu kunye ne-prominants.
• Lawula ixesha (qala ngamaxesha amafutshane, ewe.,Imizuzu emi-2ukuya kwi-5imiz, kwaye wanda kuphela xa kukho imfuneko).
• Qinisekisa ii-electrodeayiphumi ngokuthe ngqo ezantsi kwei-ultrasonicUkuhlamba (sebenzisa aumniniyookanye ukunqumamisa).
• Hlambangokucokisekileyo emva kwei-ultrasonicInyathelo lokususa ubugqwirha obenziweyo kunye nentsalelaisolvent.

I-ultrasonicUkucoca sisixhobo esinamandla kwii-electrodeUkucoca i-arsenal, kodwa ayisoloko iyimfuneko okanye ifanelekile. Vavanya uhlobo longcoliseko kunye nemvakalelo yei-electrodeNgaphambi kokuba uqale le ndlela. Kwimisebenzi emininzi yokucoca amasiqhelo, iindlela ze-sumas echazwe ngaphambili zanele.

6. Uzilungiselela njani i-electrodes zovavanyo lwe-elektroniki?

Ukulungiselela ii-electrodeyeelectrochemical ulingoIfuna ukuthathelwa ingqalelo kumhlaba ococekileyo kunye nemeko, njengoko ukulandela ukungcola kunokuchaphazela kakhulu iziphumo. Injongo kukufezekisa i-facum, iphinde ivelise, kwaye isebenzeumphezulu. NgqoInkqubokuxhomekeke kwii-electrodeIzixhoboulingo, kodwa ngokubanzi kubandakanya ukuguqula, ukucoca, kwaye ngamanye amaxeshaelectrochemicalimpatho yonyango.

Ukulandelelana okuqhelekileyo okucwangcisiweyoigrafu electrode(njengekharbon yeglasi) inokubonakala ngoluhlobo:

1. I-Poilling Pholeling:Eli nyathelo lijolise ekususeni nayiphi na into engcolileyo okanye iileyile ezidlule kwaye zenze intsha, igudileyoumphezulu.
   • Qala ngeMidiya yePoarder Poiding (E.G., 1μmi-alumina okanyeidayimaneCola) kwiPolingilaphu. I-Polish kwi-10-thy-thy-1-Imizuzu emi-2.
   • Hlambangokucokisekileyo ngamanzi.
   • Yiya kwimithombo yeendaba yePolisi yasePoland (E.G., 0.3μm, emva koko i-0.05μmi-alumina). Ipolishi ye-1-Imizuzu emi-2kwibanga ngalinye.
   • HlambaNgokucokisekileyo kunye namanzi phakathi kwenqanaba ngalinye.
2. Ukucoca i-ultrasonic:Emva kokuphumelela, beka ii-electrodeIngcebiso kwi-boaker ngamanzi at (okanye ngamanye amaxesha e-ethanol / i-Iyopropanol) kunye ne-bonicete yabaliqelaimiz(E.G., 5imiz) Ukususa inkunkuma yePosilingweyo kwi-microscopic crevices.
3. Rinse yokugqibela: Hlambakakhulu kunye nokucoceka okuphezulu amanzi. Ezinye iiprotocol zinokubandakanya okokugqibelahlambaneElectrolyteukuba isetyenziswe kwiulingo.
4. I-Electrochemical Pre-Unyango (ngokuzithandela):Kuxhomekeka kwisicelo,i-electrodeinokufunaelectrochemicalUkusebenza okanye ukucoca. Oku kuhlala kubandakanya ukujikeleza ngebhayisikile ngaphakathi kuluhlu oluthile ekuxhaseniElectrolyte. Eli nyathelo linokunceda ekususeni ii-oxiles zantsalela okanye ii-adker ferked ntlobo kwaye uzinzei-electrode umphezulu. Uluhlu olufanelekileyo kunyeumjikeloIiparamitha zikhethekileyo kwii-electrodeIzixhobo kunyeElectrolyteInkqubo. Injongo ihlala ifezekisa isitali esizinzileyo, esisezantsi sangoku kwaye sichazwe kakuhleelectrochemical incophoIimpendulo zezibini ezaziwayo ze-resox (njenge-feerrocene okanye i-potassium ferricynide) njengetshekii-electrodeUmsebenzi.
5. Ukomisa (ukuba kuyafuneka):Ukubai-electrodeayisetyenziswanga kwangoko, kufuneka yomiswe ngononophelo (i.G., ngomjelo othambileyo we-nitrogen okanye i-argon) kwaye igcinwe ngokufanelekileyo.

Umgangatho weelectrochemical iseliUkuseta, kubandakanya ireferensi kunye ne-countertrodes, kunye nokucoceka kweElectrolytekunye nezinyibilikisiweyo, zibalulekile ngokulinganayo. Ilungiselelwe ngokugqibeleleyoukusebenza kwe-electrodeayizukuvelisa idatha elungileyo ukuba ezinye izinto zinempazamo okanye zingcolile. Ukufezekisa i-Sharp, ichazwe kakuhleelectrochemical incophoNgamandla obulindelekileyo kuhlala kuyinto ephambili yokulungiswa ngokufanelekileyoi-electrodekwayeiseli.

7. Ukuthintela umonakalo: zeziphi izilumkiso eziphambili ngexesha lokucoca electrode?

Ngelixa ukucoca kubalulekile, ubuchwephesha obungafanelekanga kunokubangela ingozi ngakumbi kunokuba kufanelekile. Igrafu, ngaphandle koqeqesho oluphezulu oluphezulu, lunokuba brittle kwaye lubetheleleka ku-Meyilicalumonakalo. Nazi izilumkiso eziphambili zokuthatha:

• Khusela amandla agqithisileyo:Ungaze usebenzise amandla agqithisileyo xa uxubha, wasusa, okanye ukuphatha ii-electrode. Igrafu inokukrola okanye i-chip. Sebenzisa iibrashi ezithambileyo kunye neelaphu zasimahla. Kulumkele ukulahla okanye ukuchaphazelai-electrode, njengoko oku kunokukhokelela kwintlekeleukwaphuka.
• Khusela imisonto:IintamboAmacandelo kubalulekile kunxibelelwano kwaye ukutshintshelwa okwangoku kodwa kukwasengozini.
  • NjaloicocekileImisonto ngononophelo, iqinisekisa ukuba akukho nkunkuma.
  • Sebenzisa i-caps yokukhusela okanyeiteyiphungaphezulu kwemisonto ngexesha lokucocwa kwabantu umzimba okanye ngexesha lokugcina / ukuthutha ukuyathintela i-electrodeImisonto ivelaumonakalo.
  • Xa uqhagamshelaezimbini ze-electrodes, qinisekisa ukuba intambo ihambelana ngokuchanekileyo ngaphambi kokuqina. Sebenzisa okhuphisiweyoitotaUkucaciswa-Ukugxininisa kunokonwabaintambokwaye ukhokeleukwaphukakamva, ngelixa i-filoting inokubangelaukukhululanokugxeka kakhulu. Sebenzisa ngokufanelekileyoumniniyookanye i-clamp ngexesha lendibano / ngoku. Kulumkele ukusebenzisaintsimbiIzixhobo ngqo kwigrafu ukuba kunokwenzeka, okanye uzisebenzise ngononophelo olukhulu.
• Ukuhambelana kwamachili:Qinisekisa ukuba nayiphi na i-slives okanye iiarhente zokucoca ezisetyenzisiweyo ziyahambelana nenqanaba elithile leigrafu electrodekwaye ayizukushiya intsalela eyingozi yesicelo esicetywayo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwigrafu ephambili okanyeelectrochemicalizicelo apho kufuphi nombuso ongazenzisiyo. Njalohlambangokucokisekileyo.
• I-thermal yothuka:Kulumkele ukutshintsha okukhawulezayo. Sukuthatha ishushui-electrodekwaye intywila kulwelo olubandayo olubandayo, okanye ubushushu omanzii-electrodengokukhawuleza kakhulu. Utshintsho lwamaqondo obushushu oluhamba kancinci luphambili ukuthintela uxinzelelo lwe-thermal kunye nokuqhekeka (ukwaphuka). Ukuba ufunaibhakeai-electrodeyomile, sebenzisa ubushushu obuphilayo (i.G., <100-120° c) kwaye uvumele ukufudumeza ngokuthe ngcembe kunye nokupholisa.
• Amagqabantshintshi e-Ultrasonic:Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ukunciphisa ixesha kunye nobunzulu bei-ultrasonicUkucoca ukunqanda ukubetha okanye ukuvula ii-electrode umphezulu.

Ngokunamathela kwezi mvume, unokusebenza ngokufanelekileyoicocekileyakhoigrafu electronikiNgaphandle kokulalanisa kwingqibelelo yabo yendlela okanye ukusebenza. Ukuthintelaumonakaloibaluleke kakhulu njengoko isusa ungcoliseko.

8. Ungayihlola njani kwaye uqinisekise ucoceko lwe-electrode?

Emva kokucoca, Wazi njani ukubai-electrodeNgokwenyaniicocekilekonele? Ukuqinisekiswa linyathelo elibalulekileyo, ngakumbi kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo. Iindlela eziqala kwiitsheki ezilula ezibonakalayo kwiindlela zokuhlalutya ezinobunkunkqele.

I-Electrodes Jikelele yeShishini (njenge-EAF Electrodes), uhlolo olubonakalayo olucokisekileyo yindlela ephambili. Njonga i:

• Inkangeleko efanayo:Iumphezulukufuneka ibonakale icocekile ngokungapheliyo, ngaphandle kweepakethi zonokwazi, amasalela, okanye ezingcolisekileyo ezibonakalayo njenge-oyile okanye iiphuli zothuli.
• Imeko yeTrical:Hlawula ngokusondeleyo kwiintamboi-grooves kunye nobuso. Bafanele ukuba bakhululeke kwinkunkuma, igrisi, kwayeumonakalo.
• Uvavanyo lokuGcina:Sula ngobunono indawo encinci yendawo ecocekileyo, eyomileyoumphezuluNgomhlophe ococekileyo, omhlophe, ongenamakhuluilaphu. Ilaphu kufuneka lihlale licocekile, libonisa ukuba akukho ntsalela ikhutshiwe idlulisela.

KubaelectrochemicalI-Electrodes, apho imeko yomhlaba ibaluleke kakhulu, ukuqinisekiswa kuhlala kuyinto engqongqo ngakumbi:

• Uvavanyo olubonakalayo (microscopic):Ukuhlola i-zungudumphezuluNgaphantsi kokukhulisa kunokutyhila ukukrwada, imingxunya, okanye izinto zokuhlawula i-Pholidal.
• Uvavanyo lwe-electrochemical:Ukuqhuba i-cyclic voltammom (CV) kumgangathoElectrolyteIsisombululo esine-Resox enesibini esiziphethe kakuhle (E.G., 1 MM Fitsium Fersricunanide kwi-0.1 MM KCL) sisixhobo esiqhelekileyo sokuxilonga. Icocekile kwaye ivuliwei-electrodekufuneka ibonise:
  • Imvelaphi ephantsi yangoku.
  • I-oxidation ichazwe kakuhle kunye nokuncitshiswaincophoiimilo.
  • IlindelweincophoUkwahlula (δEP), eyona nto isondeleyo kwi-59 / nv kwiqondo lobushushu kwigumbi lenkqubo ye-Electroni eguqukayo. Ukuphambuka kuhlala kubonisa isidenge okanye ukungcolisekaumphezulu.
  • Isikishi esivakalayo malunga nokuhamba ngebhayisikile okuphindaphindiweyo.
• Nxibelelana nomlinganiselo we-Angle:Indlela yokuphosa amanzi okanyeElectrolyteubuhlalu (okanye ukusasaza) kwii-electrodeUmphezulu unokubonelelaukuqondaUkucoceka kwayo kunye nokucoceka kwayo / i-hydrophobility / i-hydrophicicity, enokuthathela ingqalelo i-componings yomphezulu.
• Iindlela ze-spectroscopic ze-spectroscopic (Advanced):Kwisetingi yophando, ubuchule obunjenge-x-ray fotoctroscoptroscopy (i-XPS) okanye iRaman Spectrascopy inokusetyenziswahlalutyaukwakhiwa kwesimilo kunye nemo yemichiza yei-electrode umphezulu, eqinisekisa ukungabikho kwamachaphaza ahlanganisiweyo. Eli nqanaba leuhlalutyoIinkcukacha zihlala zigcinelwe i-R & D.

Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokuqinisekiswa, kufanelekile kwisicelo, qinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yokucoca iyasebenza kwayeigrafu electrodeilungele ukusebenza kakuhle. Oku kunceda ukukhusela iindleko zendleko okanye ezingachanekangaumlinganisoiziphumo.

9. Ukugcina ukucoceka: Ungayigcina njani i-graphite yegraphite electroni?

Ukucocaigrafu electronikiibalulekile, kodwa ukuthintela ungcoliseko kwindawo yokuqala lungcono. Inkqubo yokugcina efanelekileyo kunye neenkqubo zokuphatha ibalulekile ukugcina ucoceko kunye nokuthintelaumonakalo. Nazi ezinye iindlela ezilungileyo:

• Ukugcina kunye nokuGcina eyomileyo:Gcina i-electrodes kwindawo ecocekileyo, eyomileyo, kude nothuli, umswakama, umsikhemikhali, kunye neempembelelo zomzimba ezinokubakho. Kulumkele ukuzigcina ngqo phantsi. Sebenzisa iiracks ezichongiweyo okanye iipallets.
• Ukupakisha okukhuselekileyo:Gcina i-electrodes kwipakethi yabo yokukhusela ixesha elide. Kwi-eleclidrodes yezamashishini, oku kuhlala kubandakanya ukuguqula kunye nokusela. I-Nipples (iPIN) kufuneka igcinwe ngononophelo, ihlala ikwiibhokisi ezinikezelweyo.
• Ukukhuselwa kwentambo:Soloko usebenzisaukukhuselaI-CAPS okanye iiplagi kwii-electrodekunye nemisonto ye-nipiled ngexesha lokugcina nokuphatha. Oku kuthintela zombini ungcoliseko kunye nomzimbaumonakalokwezi ndawo zibalulekileyo. Qinisekisa ukuba iicaphu zicocekile.Iteyiphuinokusetyenziswa njengemilinganiselo yethutyana kodwa iqinisekise ukuba ingashiyi intsalela.
• UKUKHUSELEKA:
  • Soloko usebenzisa izixhobo zokuphakamisa okucocekileyo (i-slings, i-clamps,umniniyoizixhobo). Ukuqinisekiswa kwezixhobo zokuphakamisa akuziseli igrisi okanye ubumdaka. Iiplagi ezithile zokuphakamisaisikerekwii-electrodeIsokethi ihlala isetyenziselwa i-electros ezinkulu.
  • Nciphisa ukuphatha. Cwangcisa intshukumo ukuthintela ukufuduswa okungafunekiyo.
  • Ukuphatha kwabasebenzi e-elektroniki kufuneka banxibe iigloves ezicocekileyo ukuthintela ukuhanjiswaioyile kunye namanziokanye ubumdaka ezandleni zabo.
• Uhlobo:Ukuba kunokwenzeka, gcina i-electrodes entsha ngokwahlukeneyo ukusuka kwi-pris esetyenzisiweyo okanye ngokuyinxenye ithengiswe ukhusela ungcoliseko olunqamlezileyo.
• Ulawulo lweNdawo:Kwizicelo ezibuthathaka (njengegumbi lokuhlambululaelectrochemicalUmsebenzi okanye ukulungiswa kwe-semiconductor), gcina ulawulo olungqongqo lwendalo ukuze unciphise iinkcukacha zomoya.

Ukuphunyezwa kwezi ndawo zokugcina ezilula kodwa ezisebenzayo zinokunciphisa kakhulu isidingo sokucoca ubuchule, ukwahlulai-electrodeubomi, qinisekisa ukusebenza okungaguqukiyo, kunye nokuthintela iindlekoukwaphukaokanye imiba yokusebenza. Njengomnini-mzi-mveliso (njengam, iAllen), sizigxininisa ezi zinto kwaye sicebisa ukuba abathengi bethu njengoMark Thompson, abaxabisa ukuthembeka nokusebenza kakuhle. Ukutyala imaliIzixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezuluyinxalenye ye-equation; Unonophelo olufanelekileyo lubalulekile ngokulinganayo.

10. Ngaphaya kokucoca: Ukuphonononga unyango oluphambili lwezinto zegrafikhi ye-iphonerodes?

Ngelixa ukucocwa komzimba kugcinwa iipropathi zemveloigrafu electrode, ngamanye amaxesha izicelo zifuna iimpawu zentsebenzo eziphuculweyo. Oku kukhokelele ekuphuhlisweni konyango olwahlukeneyo lonyango kunye nohlengahlengiso. Ezi hamba ngaphaya kokucoca njeumphezulukwaye ujonge ukutshintsha isiseko sayoipropathiIprofayili yezibonelelo ezithile. MasibephononongaImizekelo embalwa:

• Ingubo yokuthintela iinguboIgrafu idlaoxidizekubushushu obuphakamileyo phambi komoya, okhokelela ekwandiseniukuselwa, ngakumbi kwii-EAFS okanye ezinye iinkqubo zobushushu eziphezulu. Ukufaka isicelo semali ekhethekileyo (E.G., esekwe kwiisiliconI-carbide, i-alumina, okanye ezinye izinto zokutshata) zinokwenza umqobo okhuselweyo, ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwe-oxidation kunye nokwandisai-electrodeUbomi. Ezi zipapashi kufuneka zikhethwe ngononophelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba abachaphazeli kakubi ukuqhekeka kombane okanye bangcolise ukunyibilika.
• Ukusebenza komphezulu (i-electrochemical):KubaelectrochemicalImvakalelo kunye ne-cataisis, iigrafu electrode umphezuluinokuguqulwa ngabom ukuphucula ukusebenza kwayo. Oku kunokubandakanya:
  • ElectrochemicalUkufakwa kweisinyithiI-nanopalicles (njengegolide okanye iplatinam) ukuya kwinqanaba elithile.
  • I-Covales eqhotyoshelweyo yeemolekyuli ezithile okanye ii-polymers ukwenza indawo ezikhethiweyo zokubopha izinto ezijolise kuzo.
  • Unyango lwePlasma ukwazisa amaqela asebenzayo asebenzayo (njengeoksijini okanye amaqela e-nitrogen) etshintsha amandla omgangatho kunye nokusebenzisana neElectrolyteokanye i-reas.
    Olu hlengahlengiso lujolise ekuphuculeni uvelwano, ukukhetha, okanye amaxabiso okuphendula ngokukodwaelectrochemicalimilinganiselo, ukutyhala imida engaphaya kwendlela elulaigrafu electrodeunokufezekisa. Sisoloko sibona aumlinganisoUkulungelelaniswa ngakumbiUmphezulu we-electrodeehamba phambiliuhlalutyochemistry.
• Ukungavavanywa:Amabakala athile egrafu anokubanjwa ngezixhobo ezifana ne-resins okanye i-pitch phambi kwegrafition yokugqibela kunye nokubhaka ukunciphisa ukuthambeka kunye nokuchasana nokuchasana. Ngelixa i-uqhelane nenkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso, unyango emva konyango olubandakanya ukungena kwizixhobo ezithile (ezinje ngobhedu olusebenzayo kwezinye iinkqubo ze-niche, okanye i-antimony yokunxiba, nangona ixhaphakileigrafu electroniki.

Olu nyango luphucukileyo lumele izisombululo ezizodwa ezilungiselelwe imiceli mngeni ethile. Ngelixa ukucocwa komgangatho kugxile ekugcineni ukusebenza kweziseko zemvelisoI-UHP ye-IHPRODRODRODRODRODSokanyeIibhloko zegrafu, Uhlengahlengiso olungaphezulu lubonelela ngendlela yendlela yokuphucula izicelo. Oku kubonelela ngexabiso elifanelekileyoukuqondaKwindawo eqhubekayo kwishishini legrafire. Ukhetho kunye nokusetyenziswa kolu nyango lufuna ubuchule obukhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba bazisa izibonelelo ezinqwenelekayo ngaphandle kokwazisa iingxaki ezintsha.

I-theays ephambili yokucocwa kwe-electrode kunye nokulungiswa:

• Ukucoceka kubalulekile:Icocekileigrafu electrode umphezuluibalulekile ekuphumeni kombane ngokugqibeleleyo, iphantsiukuselwa, ukusebenza okungaguqukiyo (kwi-efs), kwaye kuchanekileelectrochemicalImilinganiselo (ebukhaliincopho, inokuthenjwauphawu).
• Yazi amanyala akho:Chonga imithombo ye-foulling (ioyile kunye namanzi, uthuli, iintsalela zenkqubo) ukukhetha indlela efanelekileyo yokucoca.
• Sebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo:Qesha iibrashi ezithambileyo, amalaphu angenazintlukwano, izinyibilikisi ezifanelekileyo (iPa, i-acetone, eng), kunye negiya yokhuseleko. Kulumkele ukuthembeka kwe-harsh ngoomatshini ngaphandle kokuba kunyanzelekile kwaye kwenziwe ngononophelo.
• Landela inkqubo yokufihlakeleyo:Vavanya, womileicocekile (umoya oxinzelelweyo),hlamba. Khusela imisonto.
• Cinga nge-ultrasonic kancinci:Iluncedo ekucoceni okunzulu kodwa ukusetyenziswa ngononophelo ukuthintelaumonakalo. Lawula ixesha kunyehlambaKulungile.
• I-preptrochemical prep rigous:Ifuna iPolile (i-AlumIna /idayimane), i-rinsing echanekileyo, rhoqoi-ultrasonicUkucoca, kwaye ngamanye amaxeshaelectrochemicalUkusebenza ukuze kufezekiswe kwakhonaumphezulu. Ukubeka iliso kwi-CVincophoUhlalutyo.
• Thintela ukonakala:Phatha ngononophelo, husela imisonto, sebenzisa ngokuchanekileyoitota, uphephe ukothuka okuthe tye, kwaye ujonge ukungangqinelani kwamakhamamikhali. Ukuthintela ukwaphuka kweqhosha.
• Qinisekisa ukucoceka:Sebenzisa uhlolo olubonakalayo, uvavanyo lokusula, kunyeelectrochemicalUmsebenzi, uvavanyo lwe-CV.
• IVenkile kunye nokuPhelela kakuhle:Gcina i-electrodes icocekile, yomile, ikhuselweyo (ingakumbi intambo), kwaye ikhuse izixhobo ezicocekileyo / iigloves ukunciphisa ungcoliseko.
• Unyango oluphambili lukhona:I-Poedings kunye nokuSebenza kuPhumelelayo kunokuphucula iipropathi ezinje ngokuchaseneyo kwe-oxidation okanyeelectrochemicalUmsebenzi weemfuno ezithile.

Ngokuphunyezwa kwezi zikhokelo, abasebenzisi beigrafu electronikiUnokuqinisekisa ukuba bafumana eyona ntsebenzo ilungileyo kunye nexesha lokuphila ukusuka kwezi zinto zibalulekileyo, ukunciphisa imiba yokusebenza kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza ngokukuko.