I-Electros ye-imeyile isebenza njani kwi-Arc ye-ARC

Igrafu eleckiterodes ngamagorha angazinziyo ye-Steelmaking yanamhlanje, edlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiIsiko le-ARC le-ARC (Ewe) Inkqubo. Ukuqonda indlelaIgrafu electroni isebenza nge-arc yombaneIqhosha lokuxabisa ukubaluleka kwabo kwaye ukhethe iimveliso ezifanelekileyo kwimveliso efanelekileyo yensimbi. Eli nqaku ligqogqa nzulu kwimisebenzi, imveliso, nokusetyenziswa kweigrafu electroniki, echaza ukuba kutheni bengabalulekileyo ekunyibilikeniI-Scrapintsimbi kwaye iveliseintsimbi kunye nezinye izinyithi. Nokuba uliGosa eliPhezululo njengoMark Thompson, iEweUmqhubi, okanye unokufuna ukwazi ngeenkqubo zemizi-mveliso, funda ukufumanisa isayensi ebangela umdla kunye nobunjineli emva kwezi zinto zibalulekileyo, kwaye ufunde ukukhetha ithemba lokuthembekaUmvelisi we-elektrodeNjengathi siqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokusebenza.

1. Yintoni kanye kanye i-elektrode ye-elektroniki esetyenziselwa?

Kwinkangeleko yayo, aigrafu electrodeIkholamu enkulu ye-cylindrical yenziwe ngokuyintloko yegrafu, uhlobo lwekhabhoni. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukusebenza njengeumqhubi wesifundoUmbane ngaphakathi kweendidi ezithile zeshishiniiziko, kakhuluIsiko le-ARC le-ARC (Ewe) kwaye iIsiko leLadle. Cinga ngayo njenge-guint, ucingo oluchasene nobushushu. Eyona nto iphambiliIgrafu Electrode isetyenziswaijikeleza ngeenxa zonke kwiimali ezinkulu zeamandla ombaneukusuka kumthombo wamandla kwizinto ngaphakathiisithando somlilo.

Olu mbane olukhuluUkupasa okwangokungeigrafu electrodekwaye yenza ishushu kakhului-arc yombane-Ukuyiluleka kombane olawulwayo-phakathi kwengcebiso ye-electrode kunye nentlawulo yentsimbi (ihlala ihleliIntsimbi yentsimbiokanye ngokuthe ngqongaphakathi kwiziko lesithando. UbunzuluUbushushu buvelisiweNgale-ARC, ukufikelela kumaqondo obushushu ngaphezulu kwe-3000 ° C (5400 ° F), yintoniinyibilikisa intsimbi. Ke,I-Ilectrose ye-ictrode isetyenziswa ikakhuluUkudlulisela amandla afunekayonyibilikaphantsi kwezixhobo eziqinileyo zeinyibilikisi. Babalulekile kwiinkqubo ezifanaI-Arc ye-Arc ye-ARC ye-ARC, ukunyibilikisa i-ferroalloys kwiIziko le-ARC eliphantsi, kunye nokucocaIntsimbi yezixhobo zeLadle.

A igrafu electrodeayisiyontonga yento elula; Yinxalenye yonjineli enzelwe ukumelana neemeko ezigqithisileyo. KufunekaAmandla amakhulu oMatshiniUkuthintela ukwaphula ngexesha lokuphatha okanye ukusebenza, ukugqwesaukuqhubela phambili kwe-thermalUkulawula ubushushu obukhulu, kwaye kakhuluukuxhaphaka okuphantsiUkuqhuba umbane ngokufanelekileyo ngaphandle kokuzibulala.I-Incretite electrodes zisetyenziswa ngokubanziKungenxa yokuba igrafiti ikhethekileyo inendibaniselwano yepropathi, iyenza ukuba ihambeIzixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyokwezi zicelo zifunwayo. Ngaphandle kweigrafu electrode, kwanamhlanjeEwengekhe isebenze.

2. Isebenza njani i-Arc ye-ARC ye-ARC (EAF)?

AIsiko le-ARC le-ARC (Ewe) Ngaba ngumzi mveliso onamandlaisithando somlilongokuyintloko isetyenziselwa ukunyibilikaI-Scrapisinyithi ukuvelisa intshaintsimbi. Ngokungafaniyo nemveliisililo somliloindlela esebenzisa i-iron ore, iEwelilitye lesibiniI-Steeelmenking, egxile ekuphinda-phambilisweni. Umsebenzi osisiseko ubandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi. Okokuqala,isithando somliloinqanawa, iqokobhe elikhulu, elinentsimbi-i-teect-linet, ihlawuliswaisinyithi. LeI-Scrapinokuhluka ukusuka kwiimoto ezindala kunye nezinto zombane kwizinto ezibonakalayo zomsebenzi. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukunciphisa ngqo i-Iron (i-DRSI) okanye i-iron ye-pig yongezwa.

Nje ukuba ihlawulwe, iisithando somlilouphahla, olubambe iigrafu electroniki, inyibilikisiwe ibe yindawo. Abasebenzi abanamandla banikezela AUmbane ophezulu wevolthi yangokukwiigrafu electroniki. Njengeelectrodeszihlisiwe kwiisinyithi, ai-arc yombaneUkubetha phakathi kweengcebiso ze-electrode kunye nentlawulo yentsimbi. Lei-arc phakathi kwe-elektroderkwaye iI-ScrapUkukhupha izixa ezikhulu zamandla, ukuvelisa ubushushu obukhulu. IUbushushu buvelisiwengokukhawuleza kuqalanyibilikaiIntsimbi yentsimbi. Ioksijini ihlala ikhutshiwe ukukhawulezisa inyibilikisi kunye nenkqubo yokuphucula.

Yonke inkqubo ngaphakathiIsiko le-ARC le-ARCulawulwa ngononophelo. IUmqhubi kufuneka ahlengahlengise okwangoku kunye nevolthi yokusebenzisaiigrafu electronikingempumelelo, ukulawula ubude be-ARC kunye negalelo lamandla. NjengeIinyibilika, ukwenza ichibi leIntsimbi enyibilikayoemazantsi eisithando somlilo, Izinto zokwenza i-Slag zongezwa. Ezi zixhobo zinceda ekususeni ukungcola kwiinyibilikisi. Kanyeintsimbiifikelela kubushushu obufunayo kunye nokuqulunqwa, iisithando somliloichithwe (tywina ukuze ugalele) kwaye iIntsimbi enyibilikayoifakwe kwiladleukuqhubela phambili okanye ukuphosa. IEweInika ukuguquguquka kwimveliso kwaye ithathelwa ingqalelo kwindalo inobuntu kunemveliI-SteeelmenkingIindlela ngenxa yokuxhomekeka kwawo ngokutshaI-Scrap. Iiceliwe yenziwaUkuphatha imijikelezo ephindaphindiweyo yokutshaja, ukunyibilikisa, nokutsala.

3. Kutheni le nto i-Ectrodes Electros ibalulekile kwi-EAF ye-EAF?

Igrafu i-electrodes ibalulekileizinto kwiI-EAF SteeelmenkingInkqubo yezizathu ezininzi ezisisiseko. Umsebenzi wabo ophambili kukungafikeleli: Ziphakathi apho kuyimfunekoamandla ombaneNgenaisithando somliloukuyanyibilikaisinyithi. Akukho enye into ebonelela ngokudibeneyo kweepropathi ezifunwayo zokumelana nemeko enobungozingaphakathi kwiziko lesithandongelixa iqhuba ngokufanelekileyo imibane enkulu yombane.I-electrodes ibalulekile ekusebenzeni ngezixhobo zombane ze-ARCngempumelelo.

IEweInkqubo ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kubushushu obukhulu oveliswa ngui-arc yombane. Igrafu electronikiUkuba nentengo ephezulu kakhulu ye-thermal kunye nendawo ephezulu kakhulu (inqaku eliphezulu kakhulu (laxakala i-3650 c), ivumela ukuba basebenze ngokuqhubekayo kwi-ultra-amaqondo obushushu aphezuluiveliswe yi-ARC ngaphandle kokunyibilika okanye ukusilela. Ngaphaya koko, igraphinte igcweleUkuqhutywa kombane (ukuxhaphaka okuphantsi), ukunciphisa ilahleko yamandla njengobushushu ngaphakathii-electrodengokwayo kwaye wandise amandla ahanjiswe kwinyibilika. Oku kusebenza kakuhle kubalulekile kwi-uqoqoshoI-EAF Steeelmenking.

Ngapha koko,Igrafu ye-electrodes DlalaIndima ebalulekileyo kwi chemistry yeInkqubo yokuthambisa i-Steeelm. Ngelixa isebenza njengeumqhubi wesifundo, enye ikhabhoni evela kwii-electrodeIngcebiso isetyenzisiwe kwaye ingenisa iIntsimbi enyibilikayoUkuhlamba, igalelo kumxholo we-carbon wokugqibela weintsimbi, ihlala ifunekaalloyinto. BaboAmandla amakhulu oMatshiniUkuqinisekisa ukuba banokumelana noxinzelelo lokuphatha, ufakelo, kunye neemeko zesiphithiphithi ngaphakathi kokusebenzaisithando somlilo. Inikezwe ezi mpawu, Igrafu elektroniki isetyenzisiwephantse kuphelaEwekwayeIsiko leLadleIzicelo kwihlabathi liphela. YonkeI-Arc ye-Arc ye-ARC ye-ARCUmjikelo uxhomekeke kwintsebenzo ethembekileyo yeziigrafu electroniki.

4. I-Electronet ye-Electrodes isebenza njani nge-arc yombane ukuze inyibilike?

Umlingo weEwekwenzeka xaIgrafu electroni isebenza nge-arc yombane. Inkqubo iqala xa kuphakamaUmbane wangokuinikezelwa kwiigrafu electronikiinqunyanyisiwe ngaphezulu kwentlawulo (ngokwesiqheloisinyithi) kwiisithando somlilo. Njengoko i-electrodes ihlisiwe, umsantsa womoya phakathi kweengcebiso ze-electrode kwaye intlawulo yentsimbi iyancipha. Ngokwenqaku elithile, i-voltage ephezulu yoyisa iipropathi zomoya, ezibangela ukuba umbane utsiba ngaphaya kwesap - le yii-arc yombane.

Lei-arcNgokwenyani yinto eqhubekayo, ye-plassma yeqondo eliphakamileyo. Isebenza njengebhulorho yeUmbane wangokuUkuhamba ukusuka kwiigrafu electrodekwiisinyithi(okanyeIntsimbi enyibilikayoUkuhlamba) kwaye rhoqo phakathi kwee-elektroniki ngokwazoI-AC ye-ACC ye-ACC ye-ARC. Ukuxhathisa kudibana nangoku njengoko kuhamba nge-Arc Plasma kuvelisa ubushushu obuqinisekileyo, ukufikelela kubushushu obugqithileyo bokunyibilika kwentsimbi yentsimbi yentsimbi. Obu bushushu obunzulu, obujolise ngokukhawulezaInyibilikisa izinto ezingafunekiyongezantsi. Inkqubo efunekayoamandla ombanekumandla e-shirmal ngokuchanekileyo apho kufuneka khona.

UkuyaYenza i-arc xa idlulilengokufanelekileyo kufuna ulawulo ngononophelo. Abaqhubi balawula iUkuxinana okwangokukunye nesikhundla seigrafu electronikiukugcina i-arc eqinileyo nenamandla. Ubude be-Arc bubalulekile; mfutshane kakhulu, kwaye umngcipheko we-electrode unxibelelana nokunyibilika; Kude kakhulu, kwaye i-Arc iba yinto engazinzanga kwaye amandla okudlulisela okuncinci. IIhambo ye-Electrodele yangoku, kunyeUbushushu buvelisiwengei-arc iyanyibilika isinyithi. Nokuba yiI-DC okanye i-AR ye-AR ye-ARC, umgaqo osisiseko uhlala ufanayo: Iigrafu electrodeihambisa amandla, kwayei-arc yombaneibonelela ngobushushu obukhulu ekuneneyo ukuze kunyibilike kwiisithando somlilo.

5. Yintoni eyenza igrafu eyona nto ifanelekileyo kwiziko le-Electrodes?

Igrafu imele njengenkulumbusoIzixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyokwi-electrodes kwiIziko le-ARC le-ARCkwayeIziko leLadleNgenxa yokudityaniswa okhethekileyo nenamandla kunye nobuchule beekhemikhali. Ayikho enye into efumanekayo ngokululaIzinto ze-electrodeUngadibanisa iprofayile yayo yokusebenza kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo. Ukufaneleka kwayo kwizinto ezininzi eziphambili:

1. Ukunganyangeki kobushushu obuphezulu:Igrafu yenye yezona zinto ziphakamileyo zayo nayiphi na impahla eyaziwayo (malunga ne-3650 ° C), okuthetha ukuba ayinyibiliki yeqondo lokusebenza kweEwe(ezinokudlula kwi-3000 ° C kwindawo ye-ARC). Ihlala iqinile kwaye isebenza apho uninzi lwezinye izinto ziya kuthintela okanye ulukatywala. IqinisekileUkunganyange ubushushu.
2. Ukuqhutywa kombane okuhle:Igrafu yinto ekhethekileyoumqhubi wesifundowombane, obonisa kakhuluukuxhaphaka okuphantsi. Oku kuvumela izixa ezikhuluUmbane wangokuUkuhamba kwiigrafu electrodeNgomsebenzi omncinci wamandla njengobushushu ngaphakathi kwi-electrode ngokwakho. Phezuluukuqhubela phambilikuthetha ukuba amandla amaninzi afikelela kwi-ARC ukuyanyibilikaiI-Scrap.
3. Ukuqhubela phambili kwengqondoNgokungakhathali, ngelixa kuxhathisa ukunyibilika, igrafu nayo ineukuqhubela phambili kwe-thermal ephezulu. Oku kunceda ukubufumana ubushushu bude bude kweyona nqaku ishushungaphakathi kwiziko lesithando.
4. Ukunganyangeki kothusayo:Inkqubo ibandakanya utshintsho lobuchule ubushushu. Igrafu inokumelana nokuhamba kuka-shino olugqithisileyo ngaphandle kokuqhekeza okanye ukuphakamisa, ipropathi ebaluleke kakhulu kwi-overclic umsebenzi we-cyclic kwintsebenziswano ye-cyclicEwe.
5. Ukungazithembi kweekhemikhali:Ekuhambeni kwamaqondo obushushu, igrafu yi-Intert ye-Intert kwi-Atmosphecast efumanekayo efumaneka kwiEwe, nangona ithe chu ngokuthe ngcembe (tshisa) phambi komoya okanye ioksijini, eyona ndlela iphambili yokusebenzisa.
6. Okwekiweyo:Ngaphandle kwamandla ayo, igrafu inokuba ngoomatshini ngokuchanekileyo kwiMilo yeCylindrical enkulu efunekayoigrafu electroniki, kubandakanya neziseko ezicetyiweyo zifuna ukujoyina amacandelo kunye.
7. Umxholo ophantsi we-Ash: I-Eight-Comiterodes ephezuluzenziwe ukuba zikhethwe ngononopheloiimpahla ezingekasilwanjengeI-Petroleum CokekwayeInaliti coke, igqityiwe ukuba ichaphazeleke kakhulu (i-ash). Oku kuthintela ungcoliseko lweIntsimbi enyibilikayo. Ii-cografikiInkqubo, ebandakanya ukufudumeza kubushushu obuphakathi kakhulu (malunga ne-3000 ° C), ukuqhubela phambili i-carbon kwaye iphuhlise ubume be-crystalline oyifunayoukuqhubela phambilinamandla.

Indibaniselwano yenza igrafuIzinto ezisebenzayoKwimeko efunwayo yeIsiko le-ARC le-ARC.

6. Ukuqonda amabakala e-elektrode ye-elektrode: HP vs. Uhp

Igrafu electronikiayikazeki yonke ilinganayo. Ngokwesiqhelo bahlelwa kumabakala ahlukeneyo esekwe kwipropathi yabo kunye nesicelo senjongo, ngokuyintloko basebenza, i-RP), amandla aphezulu (i-HP), i-UHP). Olona phawu luphambili lulele kumgangatho weImpahla engekasilwaisetyenzisiwe, inkqubo yokuphuhlisa, kunye neepropathi zomzimba ezikhokelela kwiUkuxinana okwangokubanokujongana.

• Amandla aPhezulu (HP) I-EIRRERERODSERODSERODSERDES:La sisikrini ukusuka kwi-rp electrodes.I-HP igraphite ye-hprodeszenziwa ukusuka kumgangatho ophezuluI-Petroleum Cokekwaye ngamanye amaxesha zibandakanya inxenye yeInaliti coke. Basebenza ngokuqinileyo kwenkqubo yemveliso engqongqo ngakumbi, ekhokelela ngconoUkuqhutywa kombane, amandla okuphezulu koomatshini, kunye nokuphuculwa kokuchasana nokothuswa kwe-thermal othuswe kwi-RP.I-HP igraphite ye-hprodeszilungeleIziko le-ARC le-ARCisebenza kumanqanaba ombane aphakathi kunyeIziko leLadle. Banika ibhalansi phakathi kokusebenza kunye neendleko zezicelo ezifunwayo. Ungalufumana ukhetho oluthembekileyo olufana nethuI-Ecpitite ePhakamileyo ye-Ecline.
• I-Ultra-ephezulu yamandla e-UltraNjengoko igama libonisa,I-UHP ye-IHPRODRODRODRODRODSzenzelwe ezona zicelo zifuna kakhulu kwimveliso ephezuluIziko le-ARC le-ARC. Zenziwa zisebenzisa iBanga lePremiyamuInaliti cokenjengeyona nto iphambiliImpahla engekasilwa. Inaliti cokeune-crystalline eninzi, inaliti efana nesakhiwo, emvai-cografiki, iziphumo ze-electrodes ngaphandleUkunganyange kombane okuphantsi,, ukuchasana nokugqwesa okuqinisekileyo kwengqondo, kwayeAmandla amakhulu oMatshini. Oku kuvumelaI-UHP ye-IHPRODRODRODRODRODSukuphatha phezuluUkuxinana okwangokungaphandle kokufudumeza kakhulu okanye ukwahlula. UkusebenzisaUhpI-Electrodes yenza ukuba amaxesha anyibilikayo anyibilikayo kunye nemveliso ephezulu kakhulu, enamandlaI-efs. BethuI-Ultra-ephezulu yamandla e-IltradeUkhetho luhlangabezana nale mfuno mahlumelo.

Ukukhetha ibanga elifanelekileyo (I-HP ye-HP ye-imeyile ye-HPokanyeUhp) kubalulekile ukuba uqinisekeisithando somliloUkusebenza, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-electrode, nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo. Ukusebenzisa inqanaba eliphantsi kunokuba kuyafuneka kukhokelela kwi-elektrode kunye nokulibaziseka kokusebenza, ngelixa usebenzisa inqanaba eliphezulu kunokuba kubiza kakhulu. NjengeUmvelisi we-elektrode, sinceda abathengi bakhetha inqanaba elifanelekileyoisithando somlilokunye nenkqubo.

7. Zifakwe njani i-electros eqingqiweyo kwaye isetyenziswe ngaphakathi kwiziko?

Ukufakwa nokusebenzisaigrafu electronikikwiIsiko le-ARC le-ARCyinkqubo efuna ukuchaneka kunye nokukhathalela, iphathwe ngokuqeqeshwaAbasebenzi bensimbi. Igrafu electronikiNgokwesiqhelo yiza ngamacandelo, rhoqo iimitha ezininzi ubude. Kuba icandelo elinye alikho ngokwaneleyo lokufikelela kwiI-ScrapIntlawulo kunye nokuhlalisa impahla, amacandelo amaninzi adityanisiwe ukuze enze ikholamu yexesha elide esebenzisa imiphetho esetyenzisiweyo eyodwa yokudibanisa (i-niples), nenziwe ngegrafu.

Inkqubo ihlala ibandakanya:

1. Ukulungiselela:Intshaigrafu electrodeI-GEGSESS kunye neengono zihlolwe ngononophelo kuwo nawuphi na umonakalo ohleli ngexesha lokuthuthwa okanye ukuphatha. Imisonto icocwe kwaye ihlolwe.
2. Ukujoyina:I-nipple ikhutshiwe kwisokethi yecandelo elinye electrode. Emva koko, elinye icandelo liphakanyisiwe ngononophelo (lisebenzisa i-clamps ekhethekileyo ukuthintela ukonakala) kwaye ikhutshiwe kwi-protle evele yecandelo lokuqala. Oku kuhlala kwenziwa kusetyenziswa i-toroches yeTorque ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukudibana kuqinile kodwa kungabi ngaphezulu. Le nkqubo yokujoyina inokwenzeka ngokuma kufutshane neisithando somlilookanye ngokuthe ngqo ngaphezulu kweisithando somlilongokwayo.
3. Ufakelo:Idityanisiweigrafu electrodeIkholamu (enokuba lide kakhulu kwaye inzima) ithenjiswa nge-crane kwaye icothwe ngocoselwe ngenyameko kwiisithando somlilouphahla. Iqhotyoshelwe kwingalo yomnini-e-electrode, enikezela zombini inkxaso yoomatshini kunye nonxibelelwano lombane. Oku kuphindwayo kuzo zontathu ii-electros ngendlela eqhelekileyoI-AC ye-ACC ye-ACC ye-ARCokanye i-electrode enye kwiI-DC Looce ye-ARC ye-ARC. Abasebenzi bafaka igrafuI-Electrodes Meticaictoly.
4. Ukusebenza:Nje ukuba ifakwe, ielectrodeszihlisiwe kwiisinyithi. IUmqhubi kufuneka ahlengahlengise okwangoku kunye nevolthi yokusebenzisaInkqubo ngokufanelekileyo. Iinkqubo zokulawula ezinobunkunkqele zilawula ngokuzenzekelayo isikhundla se-electrode, sikhulisa kwaye sizinciphise ukugcina ubude be-arc efanelekileyo njengeIinyibilikaphantsi kwayeigrafu electrodengokwayo ichithwa kancinci. Injongo kukugcina i-arc ezinzileyo ukuze inyibilike efanelekileyo. Iutshintsho lwangokufuna uhlengahlengiso rhoqo.

Kuyo yonke le nkqubo, ukubeka esweni ukusebenza kwe-electrode kunye nokusetyenziswa kubalulekile. Amalungu kufuneka aqhubeke eqinile, kwaye iinkqubo zombane kunye neenkqubo zombane zixhasaigrafu electrodekufuneka isebenze ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuphatha ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokufakwa kubalulekile ukuthintela ukungaphumeleli ngaphambi kwexesha kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kweisithando somlilo.

8. Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lomjikelo wokunyibilikisa kwiziko lombane ze-ARC?

Umjikelo wokunyibilika kwiIsiko le-ARC le-ARC (Ewe) Ngaba inkqubo enamandla kunye nenkulu yenzelwe ukuguqula ngokuqinileyoisinyithikulwelointsimbi. Iqala emva kweisithando somliloihlawulisiweI-Scrap. Iigrafu electronikizihlisiwe, kunye nei-arc yombaneiqalile.

Ekuqaleni, ii-ARCs zaya phantsi ngokululaI-Scrapngaphezulu. ImkhuluUbushushu buvelisiweNgee-Arcs (ngaphezulu kwe-3000 ° C) iqala ukunyibilikaisinyithingqo phantsi kwaye ujikeleze indawo ye-ARC. Njengechibi leinyibilikisiifom, baqokelela emazantsi eisithando somlilo. I-ARCs ke idlulise ubushushu ngakumbi kulolu hlaselo lukhulayo lweIntsimbi enyibilikayo. Ukukhawulezisa ukunyibilika kunye neqondo lobushushu lase-homonize, ioksijini inokungena kwiisithando somlilo, qhubeka ngokukhuphela izinto ezinje ngekhabhoni, isilicon, nakwintsimbi, ivelisa ubushushu obongezelelweyo. Izitshisi zerhasi zinokusetyenziswa kwangoko kumjikelo.

NjengeIinyibilika,igrafu electronikizilungiswe ngokuqhubekayo phantsi kwenkqubo yolawulo ukugcina i-ARC kwaye ilandele inqanaba lokuhlawula. Injongo kukonyibilikangokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ngeli nqanaba, iiarhente zokwenza i-Slag (njenge-lime kunye ne-dolomite) zongezwa. Ezi zixhobonyibilikakwaye udibanise ngokungcola (njenge phosphorus kunye ne-phosfur) kunye ne-oxide, zenza i-slag ye-slag ye-slaats edadayo ngaphezulu kweIntsimbi enyibilikayo. Lo mmandla we-slag uyancedahlaziyaIntsimbi, yikhusela kwi-themospic ungcoliseko, kunye nokufaka ibhafu, ukunciphisa ilahleko yobushushu. Umsebenzi onzulungaphakathi kwiziko lesithandoKubandakanya imitha ukusuka kwi-ARC, intlanganiso ngaphakathi kwiinyibilikisi, kunye nokuphendula kwemichiza. Kanye yonke iI-ScrapInyibilikisiwe kwaye intsimbi ifikelela kubushushu ekujoliswe kuyo kunye nokuqulunqwa (itshekishwe ngesampulu), amandla ancitshisiwe okanye anqunyulwe. Iisithando somliloemva koko icinyiwe-ted ukuba igalele iIntsimbi enyibilikayokwiladle, ukwahlula kwi-slag, edla ngokugalelwa ngokwahlukeneyo. Oku kugqityweI-Steeelmenkingumjikelo, kunye neisithando somliloilungiselelwe intlawulo elandelayo.

9. Kukhuphela njani igrafu esemgangathweni esemgangathweni ye-ECHORTRODE

Umgangatho weigrafu electronikiisetyenziswe kwiIsiko le-ARC le-ARCokanyeIsiko leLadleInempembelelo ethe ngqo nebaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kakuhle kunye neendleko zemveliso ngokubanzi. Ukusebenzisaumgangatho ophezuluI-Electrodes, ezinje ngokunyanisekaI-UHP ye-IHPRODRODRODRODRODS, ifunyenwe kwi-go edumeUmvelisi we-elektrode, kubalulekile ukuba senze umsebenzi kakuhle. Umgangatho ophantsi we-electrode ungakhokelela kwiingxaki ezininzi kunye neendleko.

Enye into ephambili yileUkusetyenziswa kwe-electrode. I-electrodes ichithwa kwi-tible suble (i-vaportion kwi-ARC), i-Oxidall Easidation (ivutha kwiisithando somliloImozulu), kunye nokuqhawula.I-Eight-Comiterodes ephezulubonisa amaxabiso okusebenzisa okusezantsi ngenxa yokuImpahla engekasilwaUkukhetha (Inaliti cokekubaUhp).Amandla amakhulu oMatshini. Ukusetyenziswa kwezantsi kuguqula ngokuthe ngqo kwiindleko zokuthenga eziphantsi ze-electrode ngetoni nganye yentsimbi.

Ukuqhawula iEnye inqaku elinzima. Ukwaphula umthetho we-elektrode, ngokufuthi kwenzeke kumalungu okanye kungenxa ye-thermal eyothukiyo / ngoxinzelelo, kunokubangela ukulibaziseka okubonakalayo. Iisithando somlilokufuneka iyeke, icandelo elaphukileyo lisusiwe (ngamanye amaxesha umsebenzi onzima ukuba uwela kwiinyibilikisi), kunye nentshaigrafu electrodeIkholamu idityaniswe kwaye ifakwe. Eli xesha lokuphumla linciphisa ukuvelisa kunye nokunyusa iindleko.Umgangatho ophezuluI-electrodes ezinamandla aphezulu kunye nokuchaswa kokothusayo kwenkukhu kunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba neziphazamiso zendleko. Ngapha koko, ngokungaguqukiyoUkuqhutywa kombane (ukuxhaphaka okuphantsi) Ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa ngokufanelekileyo kwamandla, kukhokelela ekukhawulezeni izinyibilikisi (Tap-to-Top-to-Top-Track Times) kunye nokusetyenziswa okukuko kwamandla (kWh ngetoni yentsimbi). Umgangatho ongahambelaniyo unokukhokelela kwii-ARCs ezingazinzanga kunye nokunyibilika kwawo. Abathengi njengoMark Thompson, ekulibaziseni ukutyeba okanye ubuqhetseba besiqinisekiso songeza olunye ungqindi lwengozi; Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho ongaguqukiyo kumthengisi yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthintela ukuphazamisa iishedyuli zemveliso kwiimpawu zentsimbi.

I-10. Ukuqwalaselwa okuphambili ngokuthenga i-elektroniki kumgangatho ophezulu

Iingcali zokuthengwa kwempahla ezinjengoMark Thompson, ukufunyanwaigrafu electronikiNgokufanelekileyo kufuna ukuqwalaselwa ngononophelo kwezi zinto zininzi ngaphaya kwexabiso lokuqala. Ukuqinisekisa ukubonelelwa okuthembekileyoumgangatho ophezuluI-electrodes ibalulekile ekugcineni ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokulawulwa kweendleko kwiI-EAF Steeelmenking. Nazi iindawo eziphambili ukuba zigxile:

1. Udumo lwabathengisi kunye nobuchule:Iqabane elisekweUmvelisi we-elektrodeNgengxelo eqinisekisiweyo kunye nolwazi olunzulu lolwazi olunzulu. Njengomnini-mveliso (i-allen) enemveliso eyi-7 yemveliso kwihlabathi liphela (i-USA, eYurophu, eOstreliya), siyaqonda iimfuno zobugcisa kunye nolindelo lobugcisa. Jonga ukungafihli kunye nobuchule.
2. Ukuqinisekiswa komgangatho kunye nokuqinisekiswa:Dibanisa kwiingxelo ezisemgangathweni ezisemgangathweni kunye neziqinisekiso ezifanelekileyo (E.G., ISO 9001). Qinisekisa ukucaciswa kwezixhobo (Impahla engekasilwanjengeInaliti cokeokanyeI-Petroleum Coke, ukumelana, amandla, uxinzelelo). Lumkela ubuqhetseba obunakho isiqinisekiso; Qwalasela uvavanyo lombutho wesithathu ukuba kukho imfuneko. Iimveliso zethu, njengeAmandla aphezulu e-greyitihlobo, kunamathela kwimigangatho engqongqo yehlabathi.
3. Ukukhetha ibakala (HP vs. UhP):Sebenza nomthengisi ukumisela inqanaba elifanelekileyo (I-HP ye-HP ye-imeyile ye-HPokanyeUhp) Ngokusekwe kwicandelo elithileisithando somliloChwetheza (Ewe, Isiko leLadle, Iziko le-ARC eliphantsi), umlinganiso wamandla, kunye neendlela zokusebenza. Sebenzisa ilungelo lokufumana igalelo elichanekileyo kunye neendleko.
4. Inkxaso yezobugcisa kunye nonxibelelwano:Unxibelelwano olusebenzayo lubalulekile. Khetha umthengisi ngentengiso ephendulayo kunye namaqela obuchwephesha abanokuthi baphendule imibuzo, banike inkxaso kunye nokulungisa imiba ngokukhawuleza. Oku kunceda ukoyisa amanqaku eentlungu eziqhelekileyo njengonxibelelwano olungafanelekanga.
5. Izixhobo kunye nokuHanjiswa:Ukuhanjiswa okuthembekileyo kunye nokuhamba kwexesha kubalulekile ukunqanda ukuma kwemveliso. Xoxa ngamagama okuhambisa, amaxesha akhokelela, kunye neemfuno zokupakisha. Qinisekisa ukuba umthengisi unamava kwingingqi yakho (i-E.G., eUni, eMantla Melika) kwaye unokulawula ngokufanelekileyo ukulibazisa ukulibazisa ukulibazisa ukulibazisa ukulibaziseka.
6. Ukungaguquguquki:Qinisekisa ukuba umthengisi unokubonelela nge-batch esemgangathweni emva kwebatch. Umahluko kwipropathi ye-electrode ingakhokelela ekungalindelekangaisithando somlilointsebenzo kunye nokunyuswa okunyusiweyo.
7. Ixabiso lilonke lobunini:Jonga ngaphaya kwexabiso lokuthenga nganyeigrafu electrode. Inqaku lezinto zokusetyenziswa, ukusebenza kwamandla, umngcipheko wokwaphula umthetho (iindleko zomsebenzi), kunye nokuthembeka kwe-Logime ukumisela ukusebenza kweendleko zokwenene.Umgangatho ophezuluI-electrodes ihlala ibonelela ngexabiso elingcono ekuhambeni kwexesha.
8. Immimiselo yokuhlawula:Xoxa kwaye uvume ngeendlela ezicacileyo nezikhuselekileyo ezifanelekileyo kwiintengiselwano ze-B2B zamazwe.

Ngokugxila kwezi zinto, abathengi banokuseka ubudlelwane obuqinileyo kunye nabathengisi abathembekileyo, ukunciphisa umngcipheko, kwaye uqiniseke ukuba bazoIziko le-ARC le-ARCisebenza ngokukuko ngokwenza ngaphezuluigrafu electroniki.

ISISHWANKATHELO

• Umsebenzi ophambili: Igrafu electronikiyenza ukuba ngabaqhubi, bahambisa phezuluUmbane wangokukwiIsiko le-ARC le-ARC (Ewe) okanyeIsiko leLadle.
• Indlela yokunyibilika:BonaYenza i-arcphakathi kwengcebiso ye-electrode kunye neisinyithi, ukuvelisa ubunzuluUbushushu buvelisiwe(> I-3000 ° C) loo ntoinyibilikisa intsimbi.
• Kutheni le nto igrafu?Igrafu ikhethiwe kwindibaniselwano yayo eyahlukileyo yeIqondo lokushisa eliphezuluUkuxhathisa, KuhleUkuqhutywa kombane, ukuqhubela phambili kwe-thermal ephezulu, Ukuchasana nokothuswa kwe-shirmal, kunye noomancili.
• Inkqubo ye-EAF:IEweisebenzisaigrafu electronikiukuyanyibilika intsimbi, ukuhambisa indlela eguqukayo kunye neyokuphinda isebenziseneI-Steeelmenking.
• Amabakala e-electrode: Igrafu electronikiyiza kumabakala e-HP (amandla phezulu) kwayeUhp (amandla e-ultra-ephezulu), wahlukile ngaphakathiImpahla engekasilwa (i-cokeuhlobo), iipropathi, kunye nokufaneleka kweisithando somliloAmanqanaba amandla kunyeUkuxinana okwangoku.
• Ufakelo:I-electrodes ijoyine kwiikholamu kwaye ifakwe ngononophelo kwiisithando somlilo, efuna ukuphatha ngokuthemba nokusebenza.
• Imicimbi esemgangathweni: I-Eight-Comiterodes ephezuluUkusuka kubavelisi abathembekileyo bakhokelela ekusebenziseni okusezantsi, ukuncitshiswa komngcipheko wesaphulelo, ukusebenza kwamandla angcono, kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokusebenza zeisithando somlilo.
• Ukuthengwa:Abathengi kufuneka bagxile kudumo lwabathengisi, ukuqinisekiswa komgangatho (i-CREDS, i-SPRS), ukuthembeka kwamalungelo, unxibelelwano, kunye nexabiso lilonke lobunini xa kufunekaigrafu electroniki.

Ukuqonda indlelaIgrafu ye-Electrodekubalulekile ekuxabiseni ukusebenza kunye nokubaluleka kwale mihlaI-Arc ye-Arc ye-ARC ye-ARC.