Master Bohlale: Ke litaelo tsa mohato ka mohato bakeng sa ho hloekisa graph ea motlakase

Li-motlakase tsa profin ke likarolo tsa bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tsa indasteri, haholo ne li ka bonoa bakeng sa tlhahiso ea motlakase le likoting tse fapaneng tsa elektrochemical. Boemo baElectrodeBokaholimo bo amang ts'ebetso, katleho le bophelo bo bolelele. E silafetseng kapa e sa nepahalangElectrodee ka lebisa ho eketsaTšebeliso, ho sebetsana le nako, esita le keketsehoho senya. Tataiso ena e fana ka phethoTaeoKa tsela e nepahetsengHloekisale ho boloka ea hauGraphie ElectrodeBokaholimo, li tsoa maemong a sebetsang a fekthering. Hore na u opereithara ea Bread joalo ka Mark Thompson, o amehile ka boleng le litšenyehelo kapa arasaenseHo itokisetsa ho nepahalaElectrochemicalLitekanyo, ho utloisisa lits'ebetso tsena ho bohlokoa bakeng sa litholoana tse khotsofatsang. Ha reBatlaHobaneng aHloekisa Electrodelitaba le tsela ea ho e fihlela.

1. Hobaneng ha setšoantšo se hlakileng sa graphine

Ts'ebetso ea aGraphie Electrodee hokahane le boemo ba eona. Ka likopo tsa mocheso o phahameng joaloka light Elecc light, aHloekisaHo potoloha ho netefatsa boitšoaro bo nepahetseng ba motlakase. Likalimo li sebetsa e le lisele, li eketsa tšitiso ea motlakase. Sena se qobella mokhoa oa ho sebelisa matla a mang ho fihlela mocheso o ts'oanang oa ho qhibiliha, o lebisang ho matla a phahamengTšebeliso'Me o fokotsehile - kameho ea bohlokoa bakeng sa basebetsi ba sebetsang ka litšenyehelo. Ho feta moo, kabo e sa lekanang ea hona joale e bakoa ke ho nka bofula e ka baka libaka tse chesang tsa lehae, ho eketsa khatello ea kelello le kotsi eaho senyakapa ho robala pele ho nako.

Ka nqane ho fetaElectrochemicalLikopo, Thebokantle ba elektrodeke moo ketso e etsahalang - ke eona ea bohlokoasemmusolipakeng tsaElectrodethepa leEletrilyte. Liponko li ka thibela libaka tsa marang-rang tse sebetsang, litselana tsa ho etsa lintho tsa moea, kapa ho hlahisa maemo a sa feleng. Sena se susumetsa ka ho toba le ho nepahala le tlhahiso ea litekanyo. Mohlala, ho VoltaMMerry, e litšilaHo sebetsa Electrodebokaholimo bo ka etsa hore ho sothaPeakMeetso, e fetotsoePeake ka ba teng, 'me e fokotseheSaenamatla, ho etsa hore ho be thata ho tseba ka nepo tlhahloboTLHOKOMELISOkapa mekhoa ea ho ithuta ea ho ithuta. AHloekisa ElectrodeBokaholimo bo na le taba ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho fumana botshepehiElectrochemicalya data. Ho Boloka PrissiineElectrodeHo hlaha ho netefatsa hore e lekantsoeElectrochemicalkarabelo e hlile e bonts'a ts'ebetso ea lipatlisiso.

Botšepehi ba lintlha tsa khokahano, ka kotlolohokhoeledikalletso mooLi-electrode tse peliKopana le nipple, le hape e bohlokoa. Lithibelo tse kang lerole kapa mafura hokhoelee ka susumetsa phallo ea hajoale 'me e etella pele ho feta lenokeng. Ena ke ntlha e tloaelehileng ea ho hloleha, hangata e ba tengho lokolla, ho thibela motlakase, kapa esita leho senya. Ho netefatsa mmele o ka sehloohongbokantlele ho hokahanakhoeleLibaka li na le matlaHloekisae bohlokoa bakeng sa botšepehi bo hlophisitsoeng le ba motlakase ba mmusoElectrodekholomo, haholo ha o sebetsana le li-elektrode tse kholo tse boholo bo boimatorquenakong ea kopano.

2. Ke lintho life tse silafetseng tse litšila tsa firagned graphite?

GraphiteElectrodeBokaholimo bo ka silafatsoa ka methati e fapaneng - nakong ea polokelo ea nakong ea polokelo, ho sebetsana le ho tšoara le ho sebetsa. Ho utloisisa bahlohletsi tse tloaelehileng ho thusa ha ho khetha mekhoa e nepahetseng ea ho hloekisa. Mohloli o mong o moholo keOli le metsimasala, hangata a fetisoa ho tsoa lisebelisoa kapa matsoho a basebetsi. Lerōle le karolo ea maemo a tsoang tikolohong ea polokelo kapa sepakapaka sepakapakeng se ka lula habonolo hobokantle, haholo-holo ka har'a sebopeho se phahameng sa mefuta e itseng ea li-firaphite. Tsena li ka utloahala li le nyane, empa esita le mokato o tšesaane haholo o ka amahanya haholo.

Nakong ea ts'ebetso, haholo-holo ho EAFS,graphite electrosesba pepesetsoa maemo a thata. Slag Splash, Metallicdepositilikaroloana, 'me lisebelisoa tse entsoeng ka mobu li ka latela ka tieo hoElectrode bokantle. Likarolo tsena tse amanang le ts'ebetso hangata li thatafalloa ho tlosa le ho fetola haholoElectrode'sthepa ea motlakase le ea futhumatsang. HoElectrochemicalLitlhophiso, lithibelo li ka tsoa hoEletrilyteka boeona (litšila, lihlahisoa tsa sopho), litšupisoElectrodeThe LeayageMaqhubu a motlakase. Mefuta ena e nang le tumello e ka kenyaElectrode, le ho furalla elektrole.

Ho bohlokoa hape ho nahana ka masala a tsoang boitekong ba ho hloekisa kapa ho etsa tlhahiso. Li-agents tse sa nepahalang tsa ho hloekisa kapa lisebelisoa tse setseng tsa pohing (joalo ka alumina kapadaemanePaseka e sebelisitsoeng hoElectrochemical ElectrodeHo itokisa) ho ka nka bohato joalo ka lithibelo. Esita le ho khomarela ho sireletsoatheipisebelisoa hoElectrodelikhoele li ka siea masala a thata haeba a sa tlosoe hantle. Ka hona, ho hloekisoa ka botlaloTsamaisoE tlameha ho ikarabella bakeng sa ho tlosa litšila tsa kantle empa hape le tefo ea hae ho tloha ts'ebetsong ea ho hloekisa ka boyona. Re tlamehaSekasekamehloli e ka bang teng ea ho itaola ho khetha leano le letle la ho hloekisa.

3. Lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa le lisebelisoa tsa ho hloekisa motlakase ka motlakase?

Ho ba le lisebelisoa le lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng ka letsoho ho etsa hore mokhoa oa ho hloekisa o bolokehile ebile o sebetsa haholoanyane. Lintho tse ikhethang tse hlokahalang li ka fapana hanyane ho latelaElectrodeMofuta le kopo (efs vs.Electrochemical sele), empa kit ea motheo e lokela ho kenyelletsa:

• Gear Gear:Tsoela pele hantle polokeho. Sena se kenyelletsa li-glows tse nepahetseng (e.g.
• Bshes:Brushes e bonolo (joalo ka nylon) ka kakaretso e khethoa bakeng sa ho hloekisa hangata ho qoba ho ts'oaraGraphie Electrode bokantle. Aterata brashi(Ho rata koporo, softer ho fetaTšepe) e kanna ea sebelisoaka hlokoBakeng sa ho tlosa li-amana haholo ho li-elektrone tsa lienjineri, empa ha ho mohla li bobebeElectrochemicalLi-electrodes. E ikhethangkhoeleHo hloekisa borashe ho boetse ho khothalletsoa.
• Masela:Litli tsa mahala kapalesela(Joaloka microfiber) ke tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho hlakola libaka ntle le ho siea likhoele. Tharollo tse tloaelehileng tsa pampiri li lokela ho qojoa.
• Solvents:Khetho easolventho ipapisitse le se kotsi.
  • Isopropyl joala (ipa)kapaAcetoneke likhetho tse tloaelehileng ho tlosa mafura,Oli le metsi. Kamehla sheba ka ho lekana le tse ikhethangGraphie ElectrodeSesebelisoa sa sehlopha le se nang le kopo (haholo-holo ho tebaElectrochemical Tekosebetsa).
  • Metsi a (Dio) metsikapaMetsi a Lekiloenge bohlokoa bakeng sa ho hlapanya, haholo-holo hoElectrochemicalLikopo, ho qoba ho etsa litloholo tsa Ionic.
• Moea o hatelletsoeng:Mohloli oa Hloeka, o omilengMoea o hatelletsoenge bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa ho foka lerole le litšila, le bakeng sa ho omisaElectrodeKamora ho hlatsoa. Netefatsa hore phepelo ea moea e se na oli.
• Lisebelisoa tsa Polish (bakeng sa elektrothemical electrochemical electrochemical):Bakeng sa ho lokisaElectrochemicalLi-electrode tse fapaneng tsa li-electrode tse fapaneng tsa mecha ea litaba li hlokahala, joalo ka:
  • Almina Slurries (e.g., 1.0μm, 0.3μm, 0.05μm)
  • Daemanelipampiri / li-sprays (likarolo tse tšoanang tsa ha li na
  • Lipampiri tsa polishing (Lesela la Emeryka kakaretso e ikoetlisa haholo
• Lijana:Barekisi ba hloekileng kapa li-trays bakeng sa ho boloka solven nakong ea ho hlatsoa kapaultrasonicho hloekisa.

Mona ke tafole e potlakileng:

Ho khetha lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng ke mohato oa pele oa ho hloekisoa ka nepoGraphie Electrode.

4. Tataiso ea bohato ba mohato:

Ho hloekisagraphite electroses, ebang ke ba boholo ka meharo kapa tse nyane bakeng sa matsuane, e hloka mokhoa oa mekhoa ea metho. Mona ke kakaretsoTsamaiso, eo u ka tloaelaneng le eona e thehiloeng hoElectrodeboholo le boemo ba litšila:

1. Tlhahlobo ea pele le polokeho:Beha likhalase tsa hau tsa polokeho ea hau le liatlana.Ka hlokoLekolaElectrodeBakeng sa eng kapa eng e bonahalangTšenyo, mapetso, kapa tlhekefetso e matla. Lekolakhoelelibaka tse ka ho khetheha.
2. Ho hloekisoa ho omileng:Sebelisa sephiri se hloekilengMoea o hatelletsoengho foka lerōle le leng le le leng le le leng le le leng le le leng le le lengbokantle, ho kenyeletsa le likhoele. Brashe e bonolo e ka thusa ho lahla likaroloana tse matlafatsang. Sebetsa sebakeng se nang le moea o lekaneng.
3. Solvent hlakola (haeba ho hlokahala):Haeba masea a mafura (Oli le metsi) li teng, ho hlakola litlololeselaka ho loketsengsolvent(joalo ka isopropyl joala). Hlakola libaka tse silafetseng. Qoba ho inelaElectrode, haholo-holo mefuta e nang le mocheso, ntle le haeba e etsa bulkhlatsoa. Hlakola libakeng tse hloekisitsoeng libakeng tse litšila. Bakeng sa likhoele, sebelisa brish e inehetseng kapa lesela le koahetsoeng ke sesebelisoa hoHloekisaGrooves.
4. Li-deponits tse manganga (li-electrode tsa indasteri):Bakeng sa litloholo tse ngata tsa litloebelele (e.g., maseaElectrodeka slag), ho hloekisa harani ho ka hlokahalapeleho hlatsoa. Sena se ka akaretsahlokolosiho kenella ka sesebelisoa se seng sa metallic kapa tšebeliso e bonolo ea koporoterata brashi. Tlhokomeliso e feteletsengho hlokahala ho qoba ho senyaElectrode bokantle. Mohato ona ka kakaretsoesenge sebetsang ho eletsaElectrochemicalLi-electrodes.
5. Rinse:Haeba li-solvents li ne li sebelisoa, kapa bakeng sa ho hlatsoa ka kakaretso,rinseTheElectrodeka botlalo. Bakeng saElectrochemicalElectrodes, sebelisa metsi a phahameng haholo kapa ho hloeka ka holimosolventsebelisoa bakeng sa ho hloekisa. Bakeng sa li-electrode tsa indasteri, ho latela moemeli le ts'ebetso ea ho hloekisa le lits'ebetso tsa ts'ebetso, metsirinsee lateloe ke ho netefatsa ho omella ho felletseng ho ka lekana. Morero ke ho tlosa lipapatso tsohle tsa moemeli oa ho hloekisa le ho qhalana. Lirota tse ngata li ka hlokahala.
6. Ho omella:LumellaElectrodemoeeng o omileng ka ho felletseng tikolohong e hloekileng. O ka eketsa ho omellaMoea o hatelletsoeng(Netefatsa hore e hloekile). E futhumatsang e bonolo (e.g., ka ontong e ka tlase ho 100° C) e ka sebelisoa, empa qoba lithemparetjha tse ngata tse ka bang tengoxidizekapa ea tšosa setšoantšo. TheElectrodee tlameha ho omella ka botlalo pele ho polokelo kapa ho sebelisa, haholo-holo pele u hokahanya manonyeletso kapa ho kenella hoEletrilyte. Nako e tloaelehileng ea moea e kanna ea ba 30minlihora tse 'maloa, ho latela boholo le litšeho. Motlakase o lokela ho balumelloa ho omellaka botlalo.
7. Tlhahlobo ea hoqetela:E kile ea omella, etsa tlhahlobo ea ho qetela ea ho qetela ho netefatsa horebokantleke ka mokhoa o tšoanangHloekisale ho lokoloha masala kapaTšenyo. Lekola likhoele hape.

Ho se sebetse hantle ho bolela horeGraphie Electrodee hloekisitsoe hantle ha u ntse e nyenyefatsa kotsi eaTšenyo. Hopola ho sebetsana leElectrodeka hloko ts'ebetsong.

5. Karolo ea ho hloekisa ha ultrasonic e le efe bakeng sa graphite electie e le 'ngoe?

UltrasonicHo hloekisa ho fana ka mokhoa o matla oa ho hloekisa o bapisoang le ho hlapaola kapa ho hlatsuoa. E sebelisa maqhubu a phahameng a ho etsa li-arcency tse phahameng ho theha likhoele tse bubble ka har'a metsisolvent. Bubble tsena tsa bubble indlode haufi leElectrodeBokaholimo, bo hlahisang jeme e nyane, bo matla le khatello ea khatello ea maikutlo tse sa feleng bo sa khaotseng lithibelo tse sa feleng ho tloha hobokantle, ho kenyelletsa le li-pores le likarolo tse thata joalo ka likhoele. E nahane ka eona e le ketso e sa sebetseng ka microscopic.

Mokhoa ona o atleha haholo ho tlosa tse manganga, matlopo a matle a lutse holim'a pelo e kaholimo, kapa litsing tsa libaka tse fihlang joalo ka motso oa Akhoele. Bakeng saElectrochemicalLi-electrodes, aultrasonic hlatsoa(hangata 5-15min) ka mokhoa o loketsengsolvent(joalo ka metsiElectrode bokantle. Ke mohato o tloaelehileng ho li-protocol tse thata tsa ho hloekisa tse shebileng pristineMaqhubu a motlakase.

Leha ho le joalo,ultrasonicHo hloekisa ho lokela ho sebelisoa ka botsitso. Matla a maholo a ka baka bokantleTšenyokapa khoholeho, haholo-holo le limaraka tsa softer graphite kapa linako tse sa feleng. Ho bohlokoa ho:

• Khethae loketsengsolvente tsamaisana le graphite le lithi-pele.
• Laola nako (qala ka linako tse khutšoane, e.g.,Metsotso e 2ho isa ho 5min, le ho eketseha ha ho hlokahala).
• Netefatsa horeElectrodeha e phomole ka kotloloho botlaaseng baultrasonicBath (sebelisa aHolderkapa ho emisa).
• Rinseka botlalo kamoraultrasonicMohato oa ho tlosa litšila tse tlotsitsoeng le tse setsengsolvent.

UltrasonicHo hloekisa ke sesebelisoa se matla hoElectrodeHo hloekisa Arsenal, empa ha ho hlokahale kamehla kapa ho loketse. Lekola mofuta oa litšila le kutlo eaElectrodepele o sebelisa mokhoa ona. Bakeng sa mesebetsi e mengata ea ho hloekisa mesebetsi, mekhoa e mengata e hlalositsoeng pejana e lekane.

6. U lokisetsa li-electrodes bakeng sa liteko tsa elektrocheme joang?

Ho Lokisa AElectrodebakeng saElectrochemical TekoHo hloka tlhokomelo ea mantlha ho holisa bohloeki le boemo, joalo ka ha trarissions li ka ama litholoana haholo. Morero ke ho fihlela motho ea boreleli, ea hlahisoang le ea sebetsangbokantle. Ho hlakileTsamaisoho latelaElectrodeLintho tse bonahalang (e.g.Teko, empa ka kakaretso e kenyelletsa ho parafo, ho hloekisa, 'me ka linako tse lingElectrochemicalpele ho kalafo.

Tatellano e tloaelehileng ea boitokisetso ba e tiilengGraphie Electrode(joalo ka khabone ea khalase) e ka shebahala tjena:

1. Mochini oa poshing:Mohato ona o ikemiselitse ho tlosa lithibela kapa tse fetisitsoeng ebe li theha se secha, se borelelibokantle.
   • Qala ka media e media e media (e.g., 1μmAlumina kapadaemanepaseka) ka polishinglesela. Sepolishe ka motsamao o mongata oa 1-Metsotso e 2.
   • Rinseka holim'a metsi.
   • Fetela ho Motheo oa Media oa Motheo (E.7.3μm, ka makhetlo a 0,05μmalumina). Sepolishe bakeng sa 1-Metsotso e 2ka mophato o mong le o mong.
   • Rinseka botlalo ka metsi a pakeng tsa mohato ka mong.
2. Ho hloekisa ultrasoc:Kamora ho roma, behaElectrodeKeletso ho beaker ka metsi ka metsi (kapa ka linako tse ling ethanol / Isipropanol) le scitate bakeng sa tse 'maloamin(e.7, 5min) Ho tlosa litšila tsa pohinking li ts'oarehile ka li-cravices tse microscopic.
3. Phello ea ho qetela: Rinsehaholo-holo ka metsi a phatlohang a phahameng. Li-protocol tse ling li ka kenyelletsa ho qetelarinseleEletrilyteho sebelisoa hoTeko.
4. Electrochemical pele-kalafo (ea boikhethelo):Ho latela ts'ebeliso,Electrodee kanna ea hlokaElectrochemicalts'ebetso kapa ho hloekisa. Hangata sena se kenyelletsa ho tsamaisa monyetla ona ka tsela e itseng maemong a tšehetsangEletrilyte. Mohato ona o ka thusa ho tlosa oxides kapa mefuta ea khalemelo e tsoetseng pele le ho tsitsisaElectrode bokantle. Sebaka se ka bang teng lepotoloholiparamente li tobile hoElectrodethepa leEletrilyteSistimi. Sepheo hangata ke ho fihlela setaele se tsitsitseng, se tlase se se nang moeli le se hlalositsoeng hantleElectrochemical PeakLikarabo bakeng sa botsoalle bo tsebahalang bo ratoang (joalo ka femisol kapa potasiamo ea Ferrocene kapa potasiamo ea festiumElectrodeketso.
5. Omella (haeba ho hlokahala):HaebaElectrodeha e sebelisoe hang-hang, e lokela ho omeloa ka hloko (E.G., e nang le molapo oa naetrojene kapa argon) ebile o bolokiloe hantle.

Boleng baElectrochemical selesethala, ho kenyelletsa le litšupiso le ho sebetsana le li-elektrode tsa elektrode le bohloeki baEletrilytele lipelaelo, li bohlokoa ka tsela e tšoanang. E lokiselitsoeng ka botlaloHo sebetsa ElectrodeHa e hlahise data e ntle haeba likarolo tse ling li fosahetse kapa li silafalitsoe. Ho fihlela e bohale, e hlalositsoeng hantleElectrochemical PeakKa lebaka la bokhoni bo lebelletsoeng hangata ke sesupo sa senotlolo sa ho inyehile ka nepoElectrodemmesele.

7. Ho thibela tšenyo: Litlhokahalo tsa bohlokoa nakong ea litokelo tsa motlakase ke life?

Ha ho hloekisoa ho na le mekhoa ea bohlokoa, mekhoa e sa nepahalang e ka baka kotsi ho feta e ntle. Graphite, leha e le ho mamella maemo a phahameng, e ka ba brittle ebile e ka ba kotsing ea mochiniTšenyo. Mona ke mehato ea bohlokoa eo re lokelang ho e nka:

• Qoba Ford Fround:Le ka mohla u se ke ua sebelisa matla a mangata ha a hlatsoa, ​​a hlakola, kapa a tšoereElectrode. Graphtite e ka oela kapa chip. Sebelisa li-brashe tse bonolo le masela a mahala a litlolo. Qoba ho oela kapa ho amaElectrode, kaha sena se ka lebisa ho koluoaho senya.
• Sireletsa likhoele:ThekhoeleLikarolo li bohlokoa bakeng sa khokahano le phetiso ea hona joale empa li boetse li hlaseleha habonolo.
  • KamehlaHloekisaLikhoele ka hloko, ho netefatsa maloanlahla a ntse a le masa.
  • Sebelisa li-cap tsa ts'ireletso kapatheipiholim 'a likhoele nakong ea ho hloekisa ka matla kapa nakong ea polokelo / ho tsamaisaThibela Electrodelikhoele ho tlohaTšenyo.
  • Ha o hokahanyaLi-electrode tse peli, netefatsa hore likhoele li tsamaisoa hantle pele u tiisa. Sebelisa tse khothalelitsoengtorqueTlhaloso - Ho Fetoha ho Fetoha ho ka hatellakhoelemme o lebise hoho senyahamorao, ha a ntse a tiisaho lokollale ho lema. Sebelisa e nepahetsengHolderkapa otla nakong ea kopano / koluoa. Qoba ho SebelisaTšepeLisebelisoa ka ho toba setšoantšong haeba ho khonahala, kapa ho li sebelisa ka tlhokomelo e feteletseng.
• Kamoo a lik'hemik'hale:Netefatsa li-solvents kapa li-agents tse amanang le tsona li tsamaisana le sehlopha se itseng saGraphie Electrodemme e ke ke ea tlohela masala a kotsi bakeng sa kopo e reriloeng. Sena se bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa setšoantšo sa khatello ea kelello e phahameng kapaElectrochemicalLikopo moo ho nang le bothata ba ho silafatsoa ke eng. Kamehlarinseka botlalo.
• TLHOKOMELISO EA PELE:Qoba liphetoho tse potlakileng tsa mocheso. Se ke oa chesaElectrode'me u e fetole moketeng o batang oa ho hloekisa, kapa o futhumatsa metsiElectrodeKa potlako haholo. Liphetoho tsa mocheso o potlakileng ke senotlolo sa ho thibela khatello ea kelello le ho lisa (ho senya. Haeba u hlokaBakeaElectrodeomella, sebelisa mocheso o itekanetseng (e.g., <100-120° C) 'me u lumelle ho futhumatsa butle-butle le ho futhumatsa.
• Tlhokomeliso ea Ultrasonic:Joalokaha ho boletsoe pejana, fokotsa nako le matla aultrasonicHo hloekisa ho qoba ho otla kapa ho sisinyehaElectrode bokantle.

Ka ho latela mehato ena ea ho itšireletsa, u ka atlehaHloekisaea haugraphite electrosesntle le ho tlohela botšepehi ba bona ba sebopeho kapa ts'ebetso. Ho thibelaTšenyoe bohlokoa joalo ka ho tlosa litšila.

8. Joang ho hlahloba le ho netefatsa bohloeki ba electrode ho hlatsoa

Kamora ho hloekisa, u tseba joang haebaElectrodeha e le hantle keHloekisaho lekane? Netefatso ke bohato ba bohlokoa, haholo-holo likopo tse mpe. Mekhoa e tsoang ho lichena tse bonolo tsa pono ho ea ka mekhoa e metle ea bonono.

Bakeng sa li-electrode tse akaretsang tsa indasteri (joalo ka elektrodes), tlhahlobo e hlakileng ea pono ke mokhoa oa mantlha. Batla:

• Ponahalo e ts'oanang:ThebokantleE lokela ho shebahala e sa tsoa hloeka e tšoanang, ntle le patches ea discoloration, masala a masala kapa litšoantšo tse bonahalang joalo ka mapolanka a oli kapa a lerole.
• Boemo ba Thread:E shebisisa ka hlokokhoeleli-grooves le lifahleho. Li lokela ho lokoloha maloanlahla, mafura, mmeTšenyo.
• Teko ea Wipe:Hlakola sebaka se senyenyane sa ho hloekisoa, ho omellabokantleKa le tšoeu, le tšoeu, le lokolohilenglesela. Lesela le lokela ho lula le hloekile, ho bontša masala a matle ho fetisetsa.

Bakeng saElectrochemicalLi-electrodes, moo maemo a ka holimo a nang le patsi, netefatso hangata e thata haholo:

• Tlhahlobo ea pono (microscopic):Lekola polasetikibokantleTlas'a ho phahamisa ho ka senola matsukha, likoti, kapa lisebelisoa tse setseng tsa polasetiki.
• Teko ea electrochemical:Ho tsamaisa volta voltammogram (CV) ka tekanyetsoEletrilyteTharollo e nang le banyalani ba redox e sebetsang hantle (e., 1 mm E hloekisitsoeng hantle ebile e sebetsaElectrodee lokela ho bonts'a:
  • Semelo se tlase sa hajoale.
  • Oxidation e hlalositsoeng hantle le phokotsoPeaklibopeho.
  • Ho lebelletsoePeakKarohano (ΔEP), e leng haufi le 59 / n mv ka mocheso oa kamore bakeng sa ts'ebetso e khutliselitsoeng. Hangata ho kheloha ho bontša ho thella kapa ho silafalabokantle.
  • Makala a hlekefetsang ha a ne a tsamaisa baesekele.
• Tekanyo ea taba ea Angole:Tsela ea metsi a metsi kapaEletrilyteli-bead (kapa li pharalletse) hoElectrodebokaholimo bo ka fana katemohisisoBohloeki ba eona bo ea bohloeki le hydrophphilicity / hydrophphilicity, e ka tsotellang litšila tsa bokaholimo.
• Mekhoa ea potoloho ea Specroscopic (e tsoetseng pele):Litlhophiso tsa lipatlisiso, mekhoa e kang X-Ray Photolectronic Spectroscopy (XPS) kapa Raman Spectroscopy e kanna ea sebelisoa hoSekasekaSebopeho sa mantlha le boemo ba lik'hemik'hale tsaElectrode bokantle, netefatsa hore ho ba sieo ha litloholo tse ikhethang. Boemo bona baTlhahlobolintlha hangata li bolokiloe R & D.

Tlhahlobo ea kamehla le netefatso, e loketseng kopo, netefatsa hore ts'ebetso ea ho hloekisa e ea sebetsa le horeGraphie Electrodee loketse ts'ebetso e nepahetseng. Sena se thusa ho thibela liphoso tse theko e boima kapa tse sa nepahalangtekanyoLiphetho.

9. Ho boloka bohloeki: Joang ho boloka motlakase hantle le ho boloka li-li-lilectide tse hlakileng hantle?

Ho hloekisagraphite electrosesHo bohlokoa, empa ho thibela litšila haheng pele ho molemo le ho feta. Ho boloka mekhoa e nepahetseng le ho sebetsana le ho sebetsana le ho hlokomela bohloeki le ho thibelaTšenyo. Mona ke mekhoa e metle:

• Ho boloka polokelo e hloekileng le e omileng:Boloka li-eleptrode tikolohong e hloekileng, e omileng, hole le lerōle, mongobo, mongobo o mongobo le litlamorao tseo e ka bang tsa 'mele le litšusumetso tseo' meleng. Qoba ho ba boloka ka kotloloho fatše. Sebelisa li-racks tse khethiloeng kapa li-pallet.
• Liphutheloana tse sireletsang:Boloka li-electrode ka har'a sephutheloana sa bona sa ts'ireletso tsa mantlha ka nako e telele kamoo ho ka khonehang. Bakeng sa li-electrone tsa lieni, hangata sena se kenyelletsa ho akheha le ho kuta. NIPPPS (Pin e hokahanyang e boetse e lokela ho bolokoa ka hloko, hangata ka mabokoseng a lumellani a inehetseng.
• Ts'ireletso ea Khopo:Sebelisoa ka linako tsohleE sirelletsali-caps kapa plugs hoElectrodele likhoele tsa nipple nakong ea polokelo le ho sebetsana le tsona. Sena se thibela litšila le 'meleTšenyolibakeng tsena tse mahlonoko. Netefatsa hore likampong ka botsona li hloekile.Theipie ka sebelisoa e le mohato oa nakoana empa netefatsa hore ha e siee masala a khang.
• Ho sebetsana:
  • Kamehla sebelisa lisebelisoa tse hloekileng tsa ho phahamisa (li-slull, litsotsi,Holderlisebelisoa). Etsa bonnete ba hore lisebelisoa tsa ho phahamisa li sa hlahise grease kapa litšila. Li-plugs tse ikhethang tseoscrewhoElectrodeSocket hangata e sebelisoa bakeng sa li-elekde tse kholo.
  • Fokotsa ho sebetsana. Rala metsamao ho qoba phalliso e sa hlokahaleng.
  • Ho sebetsana le li-elekde tsa basebetsi ho lokela ho apara liatlana tse hloekileng ho thibela ho fetisoaOli le metsikapa litšila tse tsoang matsohong a bona.
• Setlama:Haeba ho khonahala, boloka li-elektrothe tse ncha ka thoko ho sebelisoa kapa tse jeleng tse jeleng tse lekantsoeng ho thibela tšilafalo ea sefapano.
• Taolo ea Tikoloho:Likopo tse ntle (joalo ka li-creams tsaElectrochemicalSebetsa kapa semiconductor ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso), boloka lits'itiso tse matla tsa tikoloho ho fokotsa lintho tse tsamaeang le sefofane.

Ho kenya tšebetsong mekhoa ena e bonolo empa ho sebetsana le mekhoa e metle e ka fokotsang tlhoko ea bohloeki bo matla, eElectrodeBophelo, netefatsa ts'ebetso e sa fetoheng, 'me u thibele litšenyeheloho senyakapa litaba tsa ts'ebetso. E le mong'a fektheri (joalo ka 'na, Allen), re hatisa mekhoa ena ka ntle ho bareki ba rona joaloka litlatsetso tse bohlokoa le ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso. Ho tsetela hoLisebelisoa tsa boleng bo holimoke karolo feela ea equation; Tlhokomelo e nepahetseng e bohlokoa ka tsela e tšoanang.

10. Ntle le ho hloekisa: Ho hlahloba kalafo e tsoetseng pele bakeng sa li-profiniti tsa graphite elefie?

Le ha ho hloekisoa ka hloko ho boloka thepa ea tlhaho eaGraphie Electrode, ka linako tse ling lits'ebeliso litloaelo tse ntlafatsang tsa ts'ebetso. Sena se lebisitse ho nts'etsopele ea mekhoa e mengata e tsoetseng pele. Tsena ha li fetele feela ke ho hloekisabokantlele sepheo sa ho fetola kholo ea eona ea bohlokoaThepaboemo ba hau bakeng sa melemo e itseng. Ha reBatlaMehlala e 'maloa:

• Likotsi tsa Anti-Oxida:Graphite e batla hooxidizeBoemong bo phahameng ba mocheso boteng ba moea, ba etsang hore ba eketseheTšebeliso, haholo-holo ho li-yafs kapa mekhoa e meng e phahameng ea mocheso. Ho etsa kopo e ikhethang ea likopano tse khethehileng (e.g., ho ipapisitsoe lesiliconCarbide, alumina, kapa lisebelisoa tse ling tsa Refractory) li ka theha tšitiso e sirelletsang, haholo ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea oxida le ho atolohaElectrodeBophelo. Likotsi tsena li hloka ho khethoa ka hloko ho netefatsa hore ha li na tšusumetso e mpe kapa e silafatsang moea o qhibilihang.
• Ts'ebetso ea pele (Electrochemical):Bakeng saElectrochemicalho lemoha le hoGraphie Electrode bokantlee ka fetoloa ka boomo ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea eona. Sena se ka kenyelletsa:
  • ElectrochemicalTekanyetso eaMetallicnanopartstic (joalo ka khauta kapa platinamu) ho etsa karabelo e tobileng.
  • Covalent khokahano ea limolek'hule tse tobileng kapa li-polymers ho theha libaka tsa ho khetha libaka tsa ho khetha tse ikhethileng bakeng sa litlhahlobo.
  • Kalafo ea plasma ho hlahisa lihlopha tse khethehileng tsa ts'ebetso (joalo ka lihlopha tsa oksijene kapa tsa naitrojene) e nang le matla le ho sebelisana leEletrilytekapa baithaopi.
    Liphetoho tsena li ikemiselitse ho ntlafatsa kutlo, khetho, kapa litheko tsa karabelo bakeng sa tse tobilengElectrochemicallitekanyo, li sututsa meeli e fetang eo ho nang le bokoang bo tlokomangGraphie Electrodea ka fihlela. Hangata re bona aTloaeloho isa ho tse lingMaqhubu a motlakaseHa e le hantleTlhahloboChemistry.
• TLHOKOMELISO:Mekhatlo e meng ea graph e kanna ea kenella ka lisebelisoa tse kang tsa ho qetela le ho baka ho fokotsa pelo le ho ntlafatsa matla kapa ho hana matla kapa ho hana matla kapa ho hanyetsa matla. Ha e ntse e le karolo ea ts'ebetso ea ho etsa thepa, liphekolo tse amanang le lisebelisoa tse itseng (joalo ka koporo bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse ntlafalitsoeng) le tsona li atile haholo bakeng sa maemographite electroses.

Mekhoa ena e tsoetseng pele e emela litharollo tse khethehileng tse lumellanang le mathata a khethehileng. Le ha ho hloeka tse tloaelehileng ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho boloka ts'ebetso ea motheo ea lihlahisoa tse kangUhp graphite electrodeskapagraph, phetoho ea motheo e fana ka tsela ea ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba ho batla likopo. Sena se fana ka bohlokoatemohisisoho ipeha ka tlase ho indastering ea graph. Khetho le ts'ebeliso ea kalafo ena li hloka tsebo ea bohlokoa ho netefatsa hore ba fana ka melemo eo e lakatsehang e sa ka ho tsekeng mathata a macha.

Senotlolo sa senotlolo sa ho hloekisa le ho lokisa le ho lokisa:

• Bohloeki boa hohela:E hloekileGraphie Electrode bokantlee bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea motlakase, tlaseTšebeliso, ho sebetsa hantle (ho bacha), 'me u nepahetseElectrochemicalTekanyo (e bohalePeak, ea ts'epahalangSaena.
• Tseba litšila tsa hau:Tseba mehloli ea ho ba litšila (Oli le metsi, lerōle, e leng lerōle la tšebetso) ho khetha mokhoa o nepahetseng oa ho hloekisa.
• Sebelisa lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng:Sebelisa borashe bo bonolo, masela a mahala a litlolo, solvene e loketseng (IPA, Aetene, Diter, Aeropong), le lisebelisoa tsa polokeho. Qoba liketso tse thatafatsang ntle le haeba ho hlokahala ebile o etsoa ka hloko.
• Latela mokhoa oa mokhoa:Hlahloba, ho omellaHloekisa (Moea o hatelletsoeng,hlatsoa(Solvent Dpop / Rinse), o omelle ka botlalo, hape e hlahlobe bocha. Sireletsoa likhoele.
• Nahana ka Ultrasonic e potlakileng:E na le thuso bakeng sa ho hloekisoa ka ho tebileng empa ho sebelisoa ka tlhokomeliso ho thibelaTšenyo. Taolo ea taolo lerinsehantle.
• Electrochemical Prep e thata:E hloka pohing (alumina /daemane), ho tsilatsila ho phefumoloha, hangataultrasonicHo hloekisa, 'me ka linako tse lingElectrochemicalts'ebetso ea ho fihlela ho tsoaloabokantle. Lekola CVPeaktlhahlobo.
• Thibela tšenyo:Sebetsana ka hloko, sireletsa likhoele, sebelisa nepotorque, qoba ho tsitsipana ho makala, 'me u hlahlobe takatso ea lik'hemik'hale. Thibelo ea ho senya ke senotlolo.
• Netefatsa bohloeki:Sebelisa tlhahlobo e bonahalang, ho hlakola liteko, le bakeng saElectrochemicalMosebetsi, liteko tsa CV.
• Boloka le ho sebetsana hantle:Boloka li-electrode li hloekile, li omme, tse sirelelitsoeng (haholo-holo likhoele), 'me u sebetsana le lisebelisoa tse hloekileng / liatlana ho fokotsa litšila.
• Mekhoa e tsoetseng pele e teng:Likotsi le ts'ebetso li ka ntlafatsa thepa joalo ka ha ho hanyetsa kapaElectrochemicalketsahalo bakeng sa litlhoko tse ikhethang.

Ka ho kenya tataiso tsena, basebelisi bagraphite electrosese ka netefatsa hore ba fumana ts'ebetso e ntle le e sebetsa hantle mekhahlelo ena e mahlonoko, e fokotsa litaba le ho holisa katleho.