Kuvhura simba re kabhoni: yakadzika marara mu graphite uye maapplication yayo

Ichi chinyorwa chinoongorora nyika inonakidza yekabhoni, zvakananga kutarisagraphite, zvinhu zvakasiyana uye zvakakosha mune maindasitiri akawanda. Isu tinonamira mumidziyo yayo, nzira dzekugadzira, uye maficha akasiyana, nekupa kunzwisisa kwakazara kunoita kuti izvi zvive zvakanaka kuverenga kune chero munhu anofarira sainzi yemidziyo, kana basa rakakosha rekabhoniMunyika yemazuva ese. Kubva pamabhegi emabhatiri,graphiteinotora chakakosha, kazhinji isingaonekwe, basa. Uku kuongorora kuchavhenekera basa iro uye kutsanangura kuti neikabhonimuchimiro chegrafiti chakakosha.

Chii chaizvo chinonzi gravara? Kusunungura chimiro uye mafomu ekaroni

Graphite chiitiko chemuchato, chichurallfomu ye kabhoni. Ndechimwe chakawandamafomu akagadzikana ekaronipasi pemamiriro ezvinhu. FungidzirakabhoniMaatomu akarongwa mune hexagonal lattice - ndiyo yekutanga kuvaka chivakwa chegrafiti. IzvikabhoniMaAtoms anoumba zvisungo zvakasimba mukati memahara mashizha, anozivikanwa seGripheres marita. Nekudaro, zvisungopakatiAya matanda haana kusimba (Van der waals zvisungo), kuvabvumira kutsvedza kupfuura mumwe nemumwe nyore. Ichi chimiro chakasarudzika ndechekuti chii chinopa graphite hunhu hwayo hunyoro uye humbolsating zvivakwa.

The themineralGraphite inozivikanwa nekugona kwayo kugona kuitisa kupisa uye magetsi. Izvo zvinoshamisa zvinokonzeresa kupisa kwakanyanya, zvichiita kuti zviite zvakaringana kune huwandu hwakawanda hwekushandisa maindasitiri ekushandisa maindasitiri. Funga nezvazvo seyakarongeka stack yekabhoniSheets, pane pepa rimwe nerimwe rakasimba kwazvo, asi nzvimbo yacho ichapfava uye inotsvedza. Izvi zvinoita kunge zvinopesana zvinopesana ndiyo kiyi yekuita graphite inowedzera.

Graphiti yakagadzirwa sei? Kuongorora maitiro ekugadzira

Synthetic graphite, zvakare anozivikanwa sefanial graphite, inogadzirwa kuburikidza neyekupisa kwekurapa maitiro. Zvigadzirwa zvemidziyo, kazhinji peturuCoke(byproduct yemafuta kunatsiridza) kana marasha tar gomba, akapfuma mukatikabhoni. Maitiro acho anosanganisira nzira dzinoverengeka dzinokosha:

1. Kusanganisa:The thekabhoni-rich zvishandiso zvakasanganiswa pamwe nebhuruwa, senge marara tarch pitch. Izvi zvinoumba musanganiswa we homogeness.
2. Extrusion kana kuumbwa:Musanganiswa wacho unobva waumbwa, kungave nekuzvidzora kuburikidza nekufa kana kuzviisa pasi pekumanikidzwa. Izvi zvinogadzira "girini"graphitezvigadzirwa.
3. Kubheka:Zvigadzirwa zvakasvibira zvakabikwa munzvimbo yakasununguka-isina emahara pakupisa kwakakomberedza 1000 ° C. Ichi chiitiko chinobvisa zvikamu zvisina kunaka uye zvinosimbisa zvinyorwa.
4. Graphifization:Nhanho inokosha! Zvigadzirwa zvakabikwa zvinobva zvadzika zvakanyanya zvakanyanyatembiricha yakawandisaof 2700 ° C, kazhinji inosvika zviuru zvitatu) c. Uku kupisa kwakanyanya kunoita kutikabhonimaatomu ekuzvirambidza pachavo mune yakarairwa, crystalline chimiro chegraphite.
5. Kusimbisa (kusarudza): Izvo zvinokwanisika kuwedzera resin pasi pekumanikidzwa kuzadza chero mapopoma akasara.

Iyi nzira yakakwirira-tembiricha inoshandura AmorphouskabhoniMune zvigadzirwa zvisina mbichana mune zvakarairwa zvakanyanya,Crystallinechimiro chesynthetic graphite. Mhedzisiro ndeyezvinhu zvakanakisa kuchena uye kusawirirana kunoenzaniswa nemamwe mafomu eNatural Graphite.

Natural vs. Synthetic graphite: Ndeupi mutsauko?

Nepo zvese zviri zviviriNatural Graphiteuyesynthetic graphitezviri nanikabhoni, ivo vakasiyana zvakanyanya mukutanga kwavo, chimiro, uye zvivakwa.Natural Graphitekunoitika nenzira yakasikwa mumadombo ematombo. Iyo yakaumbwa pamusoro pemamiriyoni emakore ari pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya uye kumanikidzwa kwakadzika mukati mekusuwa kwepasi. Kune akati wandeiMarudzi ezvisikwa Crystalline girazi, kusanganisiracrystalline flake graphite, orghous grirahite, uye vein graphite.

Synthetic graphite, kune rumwe rutivi, chigadzirwa chakagadzirwa. Izvo zvakagadzirwa kuburikidza nekukwirisa kwakanyanya kwekabhoni-Kuperera precursors, sekutsanangurwa pamusoro apa. Maitiro aya anodzorwa anobvumidza kutonga kwakanyanya pamusoro pezvivakwa zvechigadzirwa zvechigadzirwa, zvichikonzera kuchena kwakanyanya uye nekuwirirana kwakanyanya. Heino tafura kupfupisa misiyano mikuru:

Ndezvipi zvakakosha zvivakwa zvegirisheni? Kunzwisisa hunhu hwayo hwakasarudzika

Graphite ine iyo yakasarudzika musanganiswa wezvivakwa izvo zvinoita kuti zvive zvakakosha mune dzakasiyana siyana dzekushandisa. Izvi zvivakwa zvinobva kune yayo yakasarudzika crystal chimiro. Heano mamwe emamwe akakosha:

• High Thermal Underity:Graphi graphi ndeye yakanaka conductor yekupisa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvinogona kunyatso kuendesa kupisa kubva kune zvinobva, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakanaka kune zvinoshandiswa sekupisa kunoita uye kudzvanywa.
• Magetsi akakwirira magetsi:Graphite zvakare yakanaka citter yeMagetsi. Ichi chivakwa chakakosha kushandiswa kwayo mukatiGraphite Electrodesyekunzwa uye zvimwe electrochemical application.
• Lubricity:Iyo yakagadziriswa chimiro che graphite inobvumira izvo zvigadziko kuti zvidimbu zviri nyore pamusoro peumwe, zvichipa iyo yakanaka lubricating zvivakwa. Izvi zvinoita kuti ibatsire mune yakaoma lubriants uye mapenzura.
• Chemical Inerness:Grafiti ndeye inert kumakemikari mazhinji, zvichireva kuti hazviite nyore kuita nezvimwe zvinhu. Izvi zvinoita kuti zviite zvakakodzera kushandiswa munzvimbo dzinodzora.
• High Tembiricha Kudzivisa:Graphite inogona kumira zvakanyanya kupisa kwakanyanya pasina kunyungudika kana kuora. Iyo sublimeres Izvi zvinoita kuti ive yakakosha zvinhu.
• Michina yezvivakwa: Grafiti inoshandiswa sehwaro hwekuyera kugadzikana kwezvinhu chero zvipi zvacho.

Izvizvivakwa zvegiraziSanganisa kuti ugadzire zvinhu zvakasimba, zvinyoro-nyoro, kupisa-kuramba, maitiro ekuita zvisizvo, uye nemakemikari akagadzikana. Uku kusanganisa kwakasarudzika ndekwe nei grapite kuchiwana kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri mazhinji akasiyana siyana.

Grafiti inoshandiswa sei muindasitiri yesimbi? Kutarisa kuGraphite Electrodes

Chimwe chezvakanyanya kuwanda zvikumbiro zviri muindasitiri yesimbi, zvakananga mukugadzirwa kwesimbi uchishandisa magetsi arc machira (eafs). Mumashizha,Graphite Electrodesanoshandiswa kuitisa magetsi makuru magetsi anodiwa kuti anyungudike simbi simbi.

IzviGraphite Electrodesvanowanzogadzirwa kubvasynthetic graphitenekuda kwekunaka kwayo kwekuchena uye zvakaringana zvivakwa. Magetsi anofanirwa kukwanisa kutsungirira kupisa kwakanyanya, magetsi akanyanya, uye nharembozha yemakemikari mukati mevira. The themagetsi maitirouyeThermalZvivakwa zvine musoro, uye kuramba kune oxidation iclamount.

Magetsi anopedzwa zvishoma nezvishoma panguva yekuita steelmaking, saka ivo vanofanirwa kugara vachitsiviwa. Kunaka kweGraphite Electrodezvakananga zvinokanganisa kugona uye mutengo-kushanda kweiyo steelmaking maitiro. Zvinhu senge zvakadzika zvemagetsi kurwisa, kukwiriraThermalKuita, uye kwakanaka oxidation kuramba kwakakosha kuita kwakakwana.

Beyond Steel: Kuongorora zvimwe zvibodzwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvegirazi

Ipo indasitiri yesimbi iri mutengi mukuru wegirazi, maficha ayo anowedzera kure izvo. Pano pane dzimwe nzvimbo dzinokosha idzo grirafu inobatsira:

• Mabhatiri:Graphite chikamu chakakosha cheLithium-ion mabhatiri, ayo ane simba zvese kubva kuSmartphones kumotokari yemagetsi. Iyo inoumba iyo anode (iyo isina kunaka electrode) yebhatiri.
• Lubriants:Zvivakwa zveGraphier Izvo zvinonyanya kubatsira mukunyorwa-tembiricha ekushambadzira kuti lubricants ezvinyakare kwaizotyora.
• Refractories:Kupesana kwakanyanya-tembiricha kunoita kuti ive yakakosha zvinhu, inoshandiswa mumabhonzo emidziyo, kilns, uye imwe michina yakakwirira. Inoshandiswa seyefretamineral.
• Nuclear Repterors: Synthetic graphiteinoshandiswa semutorori mune mamwe marudzi e nyukireya nhambera. Iyo inodzikira neutrons, ichibatsira kudzora nyukireya keteni.
• Mapenzura:Iyo "kutungamira" mumapenzura iri musanganiswa wegirazi uye ivhu. Kupfava kwegrafu yaireya kunobvumira kusiya mucherechedzo papepa.
• Ipo.
• Edm (yemagetsi discharge machining): Graphite Electrodesvanoshandirwa muEdm kune chaiyo chimiro chimiro chakaoma simbi.

Rondedzero iyi inoratidza zvinoshamisa zvinoshamisa zvegirisheni. Kubva pamazuva ese penzura kune tekinoroji yekucheka-yemupendero wemotokari yemagetsi, graphite inoita chakakosha, kazhinji yakavanzika, basa.

Graphite vs. Diamondi: Chinhu chimwe chete, nyika dzakasiyana

Graphite nedhaimani zviri zviviri zvemarikabhoni, zvichireva kuti iwo akasiyana mafomu eiyo chinhu chimwe chete. Nekudaro, zvivakwa zvavo zvakasiyana chaizvo. Uyu musiyano unomuka kubva kune yavo yakasarudzika makristuru zvivakwa.

• Graphite:Sezvatakakurukura, graphi Izvi zvinoita kuti zvinyoro, zvichitsvedza, uye muitiki akanaka wemagetsi.
• Dhaimani:Diamond ane matatu-dimensional tetrahedral chimiro, pane imwe neimwekabhoniatomu yakasungwa zvakanyanya kune imwe minakabhonimaatomu. Izvi zvinoita kuti zviome zvakanyanya uye mutevedzeri wemarombo emagetsi (kunyangwe iri yakanaka yekudzidzisa citrector).

Musiyano uripo pakati pegirazi uye diamondi muenzaniso unoshamisa wekuti gadziriro dzematomu dzinogona kushandura zvinoshamisa sei zvivakwa zvechinhu. Nepo zvese zviri zviviri zvazarakabhoni, zvimiro zvavo zvakasiyana zvakasiyana zvinotungamira kune zvakakura zvinoshandiswa. Mubvunzo wegraphite uye diamondizvakanyatsonongedza pfungwa yeiyo vamiriri. Imwe yakapfava, demalubricant, imwe yakaomesesa, ine simba.

Chii chinonzi amorphous graphite? Kunzwisisa iyo isinganyanye crystalline fomu

Amorphous graphiterudzi rweNatural Graphiteiyo inoshaya iyo refu-rental crystalline kurongeka inowanikwa muFlake kana vein graphite. Iyo inonyanya kuita microcrystalline fomu yekabhoni, panekabhonimaatomu akarongwa mumasumbu madiki, akakanganisika.

Amorphous graphitekazhinji kazhinji inodhura fomu yeNatural Graphite. Zvinowanzowanikwa mumarasha eColam uye iri byproduct yemarasha emugodhi. Izvo zvinowanzoshandiswa mune zvekushandisa uko kuchena kwakanyanya uye kuchema hakuna kutsoropodzwa, sekuti:

• Wawanikwa Facings:Yaishandiswa kugadzira nzvimbo dzakasununguka pane kuumbwa kwesimbi castings.
• Lubriants:Inoshandiswa mune yakaderera-perform lubricant application.
• Brake Lines:Yakashandiswa sechinhu chezvinyorwa zvekushambadzira mumarinari ekuratidzira.

NepoAmorphous graphiteHaina mari yakasarudzika ye crystalline graphiti, ichiri chinhu chakakosha chakakonzerwa nekuwanda uye mutengo wakaderera.

Ramangwana reMafirita: midziyo uye zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa

Kudiwa kweMafirirwo kunotarisirwa kuenderera mberi nekukura mumakore anouya, kutungamirirwa nezviitiko zvinoverengeka:

• Mota dzemagetsi:Kukura kwekukura kweiyo yemagetsi mota yemusika iri kutyaira yakakosha kudiwa kweBlhium-ion mabhatiri, ayo anovhara zvakanyanya pairaira.
• Kuchengetedza Energy:Grafiti inoshandiswawo mune mamwe magetsi ekuchengetedza matekinoroji, senge mabhatiri ekuyerera uye makurukota.
• Grapheye:Grapheye, imwe chete yekabhonimaatomu akarongwa mune yehexagonal lattice, anotorwa kubva kugrafiti. Iyo ine zvinhu zvinoshamisa uye zviri kuongororwa huwandu hwakawanda hwekushandisa, kusanganisira zvemagetsi, manyadzo, uye kuchengetedza simba.
• Kabhoni nanotubes: Imwe nzvimbo inonakidza yekusimudzira.

Izvi zvinoshandiswa kubuda, pamwe chete nekuenderera mberi kwekuda kubva kuindasitiri echinyakare, taura ramangwana rakajeka regirazi.

Kusarudza mutengesi wegiramura: kiyi kufunga kwekuviga

Kusarudza iyo chaiyo graffer mutengesi akakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekusarongeka, akavimbika, uye mitengo yemakwikwi. Hezvino zvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha zvekufunga nezvazvo, zvinonyanya kukosha kune mumwe munhu seMako Thompson, yedu chaiyo yevatengi nhoroondo:

• Hwakanaka Kudzora:Ita shuwa kuti mutengesi ane hunhu hwekugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu munzvimbo. Kumbira Certification (i.e., iso zviyero, zvinyorwa zvedzidzo) uye zvirevo zvebvunzo kuti uone kunaka kwegirafu. Kunyatso kuongorora kwemhando. Izvi zvinotaura zvakananga kumako ane hanya nezvehunhu.
• Chigadzirwa Chigadzirwa:Sarudza mutengesi anopa huwandu hwakawanda hwemajipita zvigadzirwa kuti uwane zvaunoda chaizvo. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira mamakisi akasiyana eGraphite Electrodes(Uhp, HP), graphite block, graphite yakanzwa, kana zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvine hunyanzvi. Mutengesi anokwanisa kupa zvigadzirwa sengeYakakwira-simba graphite electrodechiratidzo chakanaka.
• Kugadzirwa kwekugadzira:Ongorora mutengesi wekugadzira mari yekugadzira kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti vanogona kuzadzisa vhoriyamu yako zvinodiwa uye kuendesa nguva yakatarwa. Fekitari ine mitsara yakawanda yekugadzira, seye iya i (Allen) maneja, chiratidzo chakanaka chechinzvimbo chakavimbika.
• Nyanzvi yehunyanzvi:Tsvaga mutengesi ane hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hunokwanisa kupa rutsigiro uye kutungamirirwa pakusarudza izvo zvakaringana grafiti zvigadzirwa zvezvinhu zvako zvekushandisa. Maka, kushaya hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi, kwaizokoshesa izvi zvakanyanya.
• Logistics uye kutumira:Funga nezveMutengesi's Logistics Capists uye Sarudzo dzekutumira. Ita shuwa kuti vanogona kuendesa zvigadzirwa kunzvimbo yako zvakanaka uye mutengo-zvinobudirira. Iyi kero yemako yekurwadziwa kwemako yekurwadziwa kwekutakura kunonoka.
• Kukurukurirana:Sarudza mutengesi ane akajeka uye anotaurira nzira yekutaurirana. Kukurukurirana kwakanyatsoenderana kwakakosha pakugadzirisa chero nyaya kana zvinokunetsa nekukurumidza. Izvi zvakananga kuverenga kwaMako kushungurudzika kwaMako nekusavimbika kwekutaurirana.
• Mitengo:Ipo mhando iri paramount, mutengo zvakare chinhu chakakosha. Enzanisa mitengo kubva kune vakasiyana vatengesi, asi iva unonyepedzera mitengo yakaderera zvakanyanya pane iyo yemusika pakati, sezvo izvi zvinogona kuratidza kuderera kwemhando. Maka ane mhando-inotarisisa asi zvakare inotsvaga inokwikwidza mitengo.
• Zvakaitika.
• Fekitori yakananga: Kuita zvakananga nefekitori, kupesana nemugovera, kazhinji kunogona kutungamira mukutaura kuri nani uye kutaurirana zvakananga.

Nekufunga nezvezvinhu izvi, mabhizinesi anogona kusarudza mutengesi akavimbika anotevedzana anosangana nezvavanoda chaizvo uye zvinovabatsira kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvavo zvebhizinesi. Funga nezve mutengesi ane hunyanzvi mukatiUltra-Yakakwira Simba Graphite Electrodekugadzirwa.

Pfupiso: Key kubvisa pane graphite

• Graphi graphi chiitiko chevadzidzifomu ye kabhoninechimiro chakasarudzika chakasarudzika.
• Zvivakwa zvayo zvinosanganisira zvakakwiriraThermaluye magetsi ekusangana, lubricity, makemikari kuita, uye yakakwirira-kupisa kuramba.
• Synthetic graphiteyakagadzirwa kuburikidza neyakaipisa-tembiricha, inopa yakanyanya kuchena uye kusawirirana kupfuuraNatural Graphite.
• Graphite Electrodesdzakakosha pakugadzirwa kwesimbi muImagetsi arc machira.
• Grafiti ine zvimwe zvakawanda zvinoshandiswa, kusanganisira mabhatiri, lubricants, Refraces, uye nhau dzenyukireya.
• Kusarudza mutengesi akavimbika wenhatidziro kunoda kunyatsofungisisa zvemhando, kugona, hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi, zvinhu, uye kutaurirana.
• Mutsauko uri mukabhonikugadzirwa kweatomu ndiko kunopa graphite hunhu hwayo hwakasiyana.
• Graphite zvigadzirwaIva nemhando dzakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira mune yakakwirira-tembiricha application.
• Kuwana Mutengesi Akanaka Kubva kuChina, seni, anogona kukoshesa zvakananga zvinowanzo kutenga zvinetso, sekuratidzwa kwaMark Thompson profile, uye kubatsira kupaMaitiro ekuitisa girazi reMagetsi.