Gufungura Imbaraga: Inyungu za Marbae za Goboni igishushanyo cya karuboni hamwe nibisabwa

Igishushanyo cya karuboneni ibintu bitangaje rwose, imfuruka mu nganda nyinshi zigezweho. Urashobora kwibaza icyatuma ibintu byijimye, bisa nkaho byoroshye cyane. Nibyiza, iyi ngingo iri hano kugirango isukure ku bidasanzweInyungu za Karuboni. Kuva ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwihanganira ubushyuhe bukabije kumiterere yihariye yo kwihisha,igishushanyo cya karuboneTanga guhuza ibiranga ibindi bikoresho bishobora guhuza. Waba ukoresha urusvu nka Mark Thompson, injeniyeri ashaka ibice byimikorere, cyangwa amatsiko gusa kubijyanye nibikoresho byateye imbere, gusobanukirwaigishushanyo cya karuboneni urufunguzo. Nka nyiri uruganda, Allen, ushingiye mubushinwa hamwe numurongo wa 7 umusaruroIbishushanyo bya electrode nibicuruzwa bishushanyije, Nabonye ubwanjye uburyo iyi ngingo ihindura inganda. Tweherezwa ku isi, muri Amerika, Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, Uburayi, na Ositaraliya, kandi ndashaka gusangira impamvu ibi bikoresho bishakishwa cyane. Iyi ngingo irakwiye gusoma kuko izarikuramoigishushanyo cya karubone, sobanura ibyiza byayo, kandi ukwereke uko ihindura ejo hazaza.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwa karubone kandi kuki ari ibikoresho bidasanzwe bya karubone?

Igishushanyo cya karuboneni ishimishije kandi itandukanye cyaneimiterere ya karubone. Bitekerezeho nka cousin ihanitse kuri diyama namakara, nayo ifite imiterere ya karubone. Ni ubuhe buryoigishushanyo cya karubonegutandukana nuburyo bwihariye bwa atome. Inigishushanyo cya karubone, atome ya karubonebateguwe mubice. Muri buri gice, atome ihujwe cyane mubintu byubuki (bufite ubuki). Ariko, imibanire hagati yibi bice ni intege nke nyinshi - izi ni imbaraga za Van Kuwa Wals. Iyi miterere yubatswe ni ibanga ryihishe inyuma ya benshiigishushanyo cya karuboneibintu byinshi byahawe agaciro, harimo nezakwihishaubushobozi. Ntabwo ari ikintu kimwe gusa;igishushanyo cya karuboneni aIbikoresho ByakoreshejweMubisabwa bitabarika kubera iyi gahunda idasanzwe.

Iyi miterere idasanzwe ikoraigishushanyo cya karuboneitandukanyeIbikoresho bya karubone. Bitandukanye nuburyo bwa karume ya karuboni (nka soot cyangwa amakara, ntaho bibuze imiterere ya Crystal isobanuwe neza),igishushanyo cya karuboneifite ifishi ya sitstalline. Iyi kamere ya kristaline igira uruhare mu itumanaho ryayo nubushobozi bwayo bwo gukoreshwa muburyo busobanutse. Dukunze gukorana byombibisanzwe cyangwa synthiqueigishushanyo, arikoIgishushanyo, nibyo dutanga cyane cyane muruganda rwacu, twemerera kugenzura byinshi ubuziranenge no guhuzagurika, biganisha kuri supertiorUmutungo. TheUbushobozi bwa karuboniKugirango ukore mubihe bisabwa bituma ujya guhitamo injeniyeri nabakora kwisi yose. Nukuri ni aibikoresho bitandukanye.

Ijambo "igishushanyo cya karubone"ubwayo, birashobora rimwe na rimwe kwerekeza ku cyiciro cyagutse cyibikoresho bya karubone ariko byatunganijwe kugirango bigaragaze imitungo. Ibi bikoresho akenshi bitangira nkukoAmorphous Carbonekandi noneho igifuniko cyaneubushyuhe bwinshis. Iyi nzira ihuza Uwitekaatome ya karubonemuburyo buranga imiterere yigishushanyo. IbisubizoIbikoresho bya karuboneihuza imbaraga za karubone hamwe nibikorwa byihariye byubushushanyo, nkisumbuyeUbushyuhe n'amashanyarazikandi byizaGuhisha ibintu. Uku guhuzaigishushanyo cya karubonenta cyifuzo muri porogaramu aho ibindi bikoresho nkaibyumas cyangwaPlastikebyananirana.

Nigute igishushanyo cya karbone gikozwe: uhereye kubikorwa fatizo kugirango birangire ibicuruzwa?

Urugendo rw'ukuntuIgishushanyo cya karubone cyakozweni inzira ikomeye, imwe twatunganijwe mumyaka mumirongo ya 13. Mubisanzwe bitangirana ibikoresho byatoranijwe neza. Ibyingenzi byibanze mubisanzwe ni ubuziranengeCotroleum Cokecyangwa urushingecoke, nibyokarubonebikomokapeteroligutunganya cyangwa gutunganya amakara. Ibicokekubabarwa bwa mbere - gushyuha cyaneubushyuhe bwinshimuri anogisijeniIbidukikije kugirango ukureho ihindagurikaHydrocarbons no kwanga ibikoresho. Kubabaracokehanyuma asingine nezaIfu na Bindersbongeyeho.

Intambwe ikurikiraho nikuvanga no kubumba. Thecokeifu ivanze na abinder, akenshi amakara tar tar, ikora nka kole kugirango ifate agace ka karubone hamwe. Iyi mvange noneho ikorwa muburyo bwifuzwa, inzira yitwakubumbacyangwa kugenda. Ibikoresho "icyatsi" (nkuko byahamagariwe kuri iki cyiciro, uzwi nka UwitekaIbikoresho byatsi) ntabwoigishushanyo cya karubone. Guhindura, birimo intambwe ikomeye yo guteka muri aninzira yo guteka ogisige. Muri iki gihe cyo guteka, bishobora gufata ibyumweru byinshi no kugera ku bushyuhe butarenze 1000 ° C, thebinderiraboneza kandi ihindukakarubone, inzira yageneweCarbonize Binderkandi ushireho karubone ikomeye-karubone yose. Iyi ntambwe yo guteka ni ngombwa mugutezimbere imbaraga zambere kandigukoray'ibikoresho.

Finale, kandi akenshi isobanura cyane, icyiciro cyo gukora ubuziranengeIgishushanyoni ugushushanya. Imiterere ya karubone yatetse irashyuha cyaneubushyuhe bwinshiS, akenshi hagati ya 2500 ° C na 3000 ° C. Kuri ubu bushyuhe, indwara idahwitseatome ya karuboneMubikoresho biri imbere muburyo bwateganijwe, buringaniye bwanditse. Ubu buryo bwo gushushanya bwongereye cyane ibikoreshoUbushyuhe n'amashanyarazi, kwikuramo ibintu, no kurwanya ubushyuhe. Nyuma yo gushushanya, theigishushanyo cya karuboneIbice birashobora kuba byiza cyane kwihanganira gutondeka kubisabwa byihariye, nkaUltra-Amashanyarazi maremare ya electrodeKu itanura rya ARC. Ubwiza bw'intangirirocokenabinder, kandi igenzura nyaryo yubushyuhe bwo guteka no gushushanya, ni paramount kugirango itange imikorere-yimikorereigishushanyo cya karubone.

Niki gitangaje ibishushanyo bikomeye kandi birahamye?

Imbaraga no gutuza kwaIbishushanyoBiratangaje rwose, bikomoka muburyo butaziguye gahunda yihariye ya atomic. Nkuko nabivuze,atome ya karuboneMu gishushanyo gitunganijwe mu bice bya hexagonal, akenshi byasobanuye impapuro z'insinga. Muri ibyo bice, buri atom ya atom yihujwe cyane nabaturanyi batatuatome ya karubonebinyuze muri covalentari. Ibi ni bimwe mubirometero bikomeye bizwi, bigatuma ibice kugiti cyabo bikomeye kandi bikomeye. Iyi niyo mpamvuIbishushanyoirashoborakwihanganiraGuhangayikishwa cyane nahanikishwa ku ndege zibi.

Ariko, ubumaji nyabwo bubaho iyo usuzumye imbaragahagatiIbi bice. Ibice bifatwahamwe na van der Ku waalsIngabo, zifite intege nke kuruta ubumwe bwa covoct mubice. Ibi birashobora kumvikana nkintege nke, ariko mubyukuri nurufunguzo kubishushanyo mbonera, cyane cyanekwihishaKamere. Nubwo aba basambanya bayobora inkwake, imiterere rusange irahagaze neza, cyane cyane kuriubushyuhe bwinshis. Bitandukanye na benshiibyumas ibyo byoroha cyangwa gushonga,igishushanyo cya karuboneituma ubunyangamugayo n'imbaraga zayo no mubushyuhe burenze 3000 ° C, byatanzwe ni muriogisijenicyangwa ibidukikije bidahwitse kugirango birindeokiside.

Iki gikorwa gifatika gikoraIbikoresho bya karuboneNibyiza kubisabwa birimo ihungabana ryubushyuhe nububiko burebire mubidukikije bikabije. TheCoefficient nkeya yo kwagukaKandi bigira uruhare runini mu gutuza kwacyo;igishushanyo cya karuboneNtabwo kwagura cyangwa kwandura byinshi hamwe nubushyuhe buhinduka, kugabanya imihangayiko yimbere hamwe ningaruka zo guturika. Iyi niyo mpamvu ibikoresho nkacuGuhagarika imbaragabihabwa agaciro cyane munganda zisaba ibice birambye. Ihuriro ryibibazo bikomeye byimibare hamwe nimiterere rusange ya Crystalline bivamo aIbishushanyoIbyo biratangaje kandi byizewe.

Igishushanyo cya karuboni gishobora gukora ubushyuhe bukabije?

Rwose! Kimwe mu by'ingenzi cyaneInyungu za KaruboniNubushobozi budasanzwe bwo gukora mubushyuhe bukabije, haba hejuru cyane kandi hasi cyane. Iyo tuvuzeubushyuhe bwinshiGusaba,igishushanyo cya karuboneni nyampinga. Ntabwo bishonga mu muvuduko w'ikirere; Ahubwo, irahinduka (ihindukirira biturutse kuri gaze) hafi 3650 ° C (6602 °. Ibi bidasanzweubushyuhe bwinshiKwihanganirana bivuze ko bishobora gukoreshwa mubidukikije aho ibindi bikoresho byinshi, harimo byinshiibyumas, yanduza gusa. Kurugero, ikoreshwa mu itanura ry'ibice, gushyushya ibintu, n'ibikorwa byo kubyuma bishongeshejwe. Nkumutungo, turemeza ibyacuIbice bya karubonebyateguwekwihanganiraIbi bihe bibi, nimpamvu nyamukuru yicyuma hamwe nibirinzwe kubicuruzwa byacu.

Inkuru ntabwo irangirana nubushyuhe.Igishushanyo cya karubonenanone ikora neza cyaneCryugenicIbisabwa, bivuze ubushyuhe buke cyane. Bitandukanye nibikoresho bimwe bihinduka no kuvunika ahantu hake,igishushanyo cya karuboneakenshi abona ubwiyongere bwimbaraga nkimigati. Ibi bituma bikwiranye nibisabwa muri Aerospace, nkibigizeroketinozzles zishobora kugaragara kuri fuels-ikonje cyaneAmazi ya ogisijeni, hanyuma ubushyuhe bukabije bukabije. Irashobora gukora neza kuriubushyuhe bukeAST200 ° C (-328 ° F) ndetse no hepfo muburyo bwihariyeImiterere. Ibiubushyuhe bwinshiibikorwa, kuvaCryugenicGuhagarika ubushyuhe, ni Isezerano kumiterere ya atome ihamye yaigishushanyo cya karubone. Ubushobozi bwayokwihanganiraIbishimangira ikirere nta gutesha agaciro ni umushoferi wibanze kugirango akoreshwe munganda.

Bitekerezeho: Ibikoresho byo kubambwa bigomba gukora ibyuma byashongeshejwe udakoresheje cyangwa guhindura. IbyacuIgishushanyo kinini cyo kurwanya ubushyuhe buke cyane bwo gushongaIbicuruzwa ni urugero rwiza rwo kugabanya uyu mutungo. TheImipaka yubushyuhekuriigishushanyo cya karuboneMubihe bya okisifesi biri hasi, mubisanzwe hafi 450-500 ° C (842-932 °, kukoogisijeniazakirana nakarubonegukora karuboni ya dioxyde (okiside). Ariko, muri inert cyangwa kugabanya ikirere, cyangwa mu cyuho, cyacyoubushyuhe bwinshiImikorere ntagereranywa. Niyo mpamvu ibidukikije byo gukoresha ari igitekerezo gikomeye.

Nigute imiterere yo kwihisha imashini zishushanya karubone?

Thekwihishabirangaigishushanyo cya karuboneni kimwe mu bintu byizihizwa cyane n'inyungu nini ku mashini. Uyu mutungo uturuka ku miterere yihariye ya anomic. Nkuko byavuzwe, imibanire mubishushanyo mbonera irakomeye cyane, ariko ingoyihagatiIbice (Van der Waals Imbaraga) zifite intege nke. Ibi bivuze ko ibice bishobora kunyerera byoroshye hejuru yimbaraga nke, nkimibare yamakarita. Ryariigishushanyo cya karuboneikoreshwa nka akubyaracyangwakashehejuru, iki gikorwa cyo kunyerera gitanga karemano, yubatswelubricant. Ibi bivuze ko ibiceikozwe muri karuboniIrashobora gukora neza adakeneye amavuta yo hanze cyangwa amavuta, byingirakamaro cyane muri porogaramu aho guhubuka bisanzwe bidashoboka cyangwa bitifuzwa.

IbiUbushobozi bwo kwihishaitanga inyungu nyinshi muri sisitemu ya mashini. Ubwa mbere, byemereraKumaubushobozi. Imashini zirashobora gukora nta lubriricants zamazi, ningirakamaro mubisabwa aho byanduye amavuta cyangwa amavuta ari impungenge (urugero, ingamba zisumbabyo, cyangwa hasi cyane kugirango ukomeze kuba mwiza. Icya kabiri,Igishushanyo cya karubonenakashes irashobora gukora kumuvuduko mwinshi nubushyuhe butarenze kubihimbanoibyumaibice kuko iamavutani ikintu cyabigenewe kandi ntigisenyuka. Thekwikuramo ibintubisobanura kandi guterana no kwambara, biganisha ku buzima burebure bwo kubaho no kugura hasi. Dukunze kumva kubakiriya, nka Mark Thompson, ko kwizerwa ari ikintu gikomeye cyo kugura.

Byongeye kandi, kukoIgishushanyo ni wenyine, ni amahitamo meza yo gusaba aho usanga kubungabunga bigoye cyangwa aho kwizerwa ari plammount. Tekereza kuri PUMP itwara amazi ya kanseri, cyangwa idashobokakubyaras mumashini itoroshye. ThekwibeshyaMenya neza imikorere ihamye mugihe kirekire. Imikorere yibikwihitiramoirashobora no kongera imbaraga binyuze muguhitamo umwiharikoamanota ya karubonikandi, nibiba ngombwa, mu gushiramo ibiceri bya kabiri mubishushanyoporositityMugihe cyo gukora (nubwo ibi bitandukanye no gusaba amavuta yo hanze mugihe cyo gukora). Ibi byuzuyeamavutani umukino uhindura ibibazo byinshi byubwubatsi.

Ni izihe nyungu z'amashanyarazi n'ubushyuhe ku gishushanyo cya karuboni?

Igishushanyo cya karuboneni umuyobozi w'indashyikirwa w'inyamanswa n'ubushyuhe, kandi iyi mitungo iri mu rufunguzoInyungu za KaruboniIbyo bikagira agaciro. Amashanyarazi mezagukoraIbiti biva muri Pilecron yateguriwe Picyuma mu miterere ya Atome. Izi electron ntabwo zihambiriwe cyane kugiti cyeatome ya karubonekandi bafite umudendezo wo kwimuka mubice byose iyo voltage y'amashanyarazi ikurikizwa. Ibi bikoraigishushanyo cya karuboneGuhitamo ikunzwe kumashanyarazi nka electrode (nkibikorwa dukora kubikoresho bya arc ya arc), brush for moteri yamashanyarazi, hamwe nabakusanya ubu. Thegukorairashobora gutunganizwa no kugenzura ubuziranenge, ubucucike, na kiririndiro ya kirisiti yaIbishushanyo.

Mu buryo nk'ubwo,igishushanyo cya karuboneimurikagurishaImyitwarire myiza. Kunyeganyega kw'ibintu bikabijeatome ya karubonemubice birashobora kwimura neza imbaraga zubushyuhe. Ibi bivuze ko ubushyuhe bushobora gukorwa vuba ahantu hashyushye, gukumira kwishyurwa no guhangayika. Uyu mutungo ningirakamaro mubisabwa nko guhanahana ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe bwimiterere yibice bya elegitoroniki, nibikorwa byo guta, aho gutandukana kw'ubushyuhe byihuse kandi kimwe. TheUbushyuhe n'amashanyaraziyaigishushanyo cya karubonebikunze kurenza byinshiibyumaS, cyane cyane iyo urebye ubucucike bugufi. Kurugero, theUbushyuheya bamweamanota ya karuboniirashobora kuba hejuru yumuringa cyangwa aluminium kumurongo wuburemere.

Uku guhuzaubushyuhe bwizan'imitungo y'amashanyarazi ikoraigishushanyo cya karubonebidasanzwe bikwiranye nuburyo butandukanye bwo gusaba. Kurugero, mumatanura ya ARC ya ARC, hagomba gukora amashanyarazi angana namashanyarazi angana gushonga ibyuma, kandi bigomba nokwihanganiraubushyuhe bwinshi bwakozwe. IbyacuImikorere yo hejuru yambere yatetse ya anode karuboneintanga kandi imitungo yo kuyobora. TheUbushyuhe n'amashanyaraziimikorere, hamwe nacyoubushyuhe bwinshigutuza no gucuruza, bikoraigishushanyo cya karuboneIbikoresho byingenzi muburyo bugezweho.

Kuki imiti ya karuboni irwanya inyungu zikomeye?

Igishushanyo cya karuboneKurwanya imiti ni ikindi mfu mbonera cyibikoresho byayo ninyungu zikomeye mubikoresho byinshi byinganda. Muri rusange,Igishushanyo cya karubone ni ibikoreshoibyo ni byiza cyaneinert, bivuze ko bitagenda neza nimiti myinshi. Ibi bituma birwanya cyaneruswaKandi igitero c'imiti kuva acide nini, alkalis, ibisasu, kandi byashongeshejweibyumas. Ibi ni ukuri cyane kubidahwitse acide nibice byinshi byingenzi. Iyi myumvire iterwa na costact ikomeye iri hagatiatome ya karubonemubishushanyo mbonera, bigora imiti myinshi yo gucika.

Iyi mvururuKurwanya imitiyemereraIbikoresho bya karubonegukoreshwa mubidukikije aho ibindi bikoresho byagutesha agaciro. Kurugero,igishushanyo cya karuboneikoreshwa kuriIsura, ibice bigize, hamwe na sisitemu yo gushinga imiyoboro ikemura ibibazo bikaze cyangwa byangiza inganda zitunganya imiti. Bitandukanye na benshiibyumas ibyo birashobokagutera intambaracyangwa gukonja nibintu bahura nabyo,igishushanyo cya karuboneakenshi ntigukomeza kutagira ingaruka, kureba ubuziranenge bwibitangazamakuru byatunganijwe no kuramba byibikoresho. Hariho ibintu bimwe na bimwe; Abakozi bakuru ba okiside bakunda aside nitcic cyangwahydrouoricaside ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru irashobora gutera igishushanyo, kandi ibyuma bya alkali byashonzeguhuza(Shyiramo) hagati yibishushanyo. Ariko, kubera ubwinshi bwimiti minini yinganda,Igishushanyo cya karuboneKurwanya neza.

Ubuziranenge bwaIbikoresho bya karubonekandi ugira uruhare mu kurwanya imiti. Icyiciro cyo kurandura hejuru, nkabo duharanira kubyara, kwerekana no kurwanya neza kuko umwanda ushobora rimwe na rimwe rimwe na rimwe rimwe na rimwe rikora nk'imbuga zo gutera imiti. Ibi bituma ibicuruzwa nkacuIsuku ndende 99.9% Ifu ya Grapyagaciro kuri porogaramu aho inoti yimiti ari igihe kinini. Ubushobozi bwokwihanganiraIbidukikije byakatiye imiti idafite ubumuga bukomeye busobanura kwigomeka, kugabanya kubungabungwa, kandi birebire ubuzima bwibikoresho, nibikoresho bikomeye kubakiriya bacu, harimo nibikorwa muri metalurgie.

Igitaramo nicyo kandi kinoza imitungo ya karubone?

Kudahindukani inzira ya kabiri ikunze gukoreshwa kuriigishushanyo cya karubonekuzamura ibyayoUmutungono kudoda kubisabwa byihariye. Nk'ibikozwe,igishushanyo cya karubonemubisanzwe bifite urwego runaka rwaporositity- Utuntu duto duto duhujwe muburyo bwarwo. Mugihe ibiUburozi BubonekaIrashobora kuba ingirakamaro kuri porogaramu zimwe (nko kwisiga aho iyi pores ishobora gufata amavuta), irashobora kuba iy'ibitonda mu bandi aho gaze cyangwa harakenewe imbaraga cyangwa imbaragaokisideirakenewe.Kudahindukabikubiyemo kuzuza ibiporositityhamwe nibindi bikoresho, bizwi nka anImpingant.

GuhitamoImpingantbiterwa nibisubizo byifuzwa. Ibisanzwe bisanzwe birimoresins (nka deheilic cyangwa epoxy resions),ibyumaS (nka antimony, umuringa, cyangwa ifeza), umunyu, cyangwa ubundi buryo bwa karubone. Kurugero,kudahindukahamweresinirashobora kunoza cyane imbaraga zamashini, gukomera, no kudatungana kwaigishushanyo cya karubone, kugirango bikwiranye nigitutu kininikashePorogaramu.Ibyumairashobora kuzamura amashanyarazi naUbushyuhe, kongera imbaraga, no kunoza kurwanya. Antimonykudahinduka, kurugero, akenshi ukoreshwa kuriIgishushanyo cya karubonegukora mubihe bitoroshye. TheUbwoko bw'ibitiHindura cyane bihindura ibiranga ishingiroIbikoresho bya karubone.

Inzira yakudahindukamubisanzwe bikubiyemo gushyira akabaIbice bya karuboneMu cyumba cya vacuum kugirango dukure umwuka uva kuri pore, hanyuma utange amaziImpingant(urugero, gushishozaibyumacyangwa amaziresin) Mu gihe igitutu cyo kuhatira ku gahinda. Nyumakudahinduka, Intambwe yo gukiza cyangwa gukomera irashobora gusabwa kubikoresho nkaresins. Muguhitamo witonzeamanota ya karuboninaImpingant, Abakora nkatwe barashobora gukora umurongo mubiIbikoresho bya karubonehamwe numutungo wihariye kugirango wuzuze ibisabwa byihariye, nko kunozaokisidecyangwa yongerewekwibeshyamunsi yimizigo yihariye. IratwemererainsgnateIbikoresho byo kunonosora kugirango birangire - GusabaIsuragukomerakubyaraubuso. Ubu bushobozi bwoinsgnateongeraho ikindi gice cyo guhinduranya kuriigishushanyo cya karubone.

Igishushanyo cya karubone gikoreshwa he? Gushakisha ibyifuzo bitandukanye kuva kuribwa kuri roketi.

Guhuza bidasanzwe kumiterere yatanzwe naigishushanyo cya karubonebituma ari ngombwaIbikoresho Byakoreshejwekurenga ku buryo butangaje bwinganda na porogaramu. YayokwihishaKamere ituma byiza kuriIgishushanyo cya karubone, bushing, nakashes, cyane cyane mubihe bitandukanye byatsinzwe, nko kuriubushyuhe bwinshis, muriImiterere, cyangwa mubidukikije bikaze. Ibi bice nibyingenzi muri pompe, abakiriya, turbine, hamwe nubwoko butandukanye bwimashini zinganda, kugirango ibikorwa byoroshye no kuramba hamwe no kubungabunga bike. Ubushobozi bwaKumani kinini hano.

Mu karombaubushyuhe bwinshiGusaba,igishushanyo cya karubonekumurika rwose. Byakoreshejwe cyane muri metallurgiy na bashizweho kugirango babe imbaho ​​(nkatweIgishushanyo kinini cyo kurwanya ubushyuhe buke cyane bwo gushonga), kubumba, no gutanura imirongo kubera ubushobozi bwayokwihanganiraubushyuhe bukabije no guhungabana kw'imishumi. Ibishushanyo mbonera bikunze kugaragara mu itanura rya vacuum. Inganda za Aerospace nazo zishingiye cyaneigishushanyo cya karubone, cyane cyane kubigizeroketinozzles nizuru ryizuru rya misile, aho ibikoresho bigomba kwihanganira ubushyuhe bukabije nimbaraga zisumba izindi nkimbaraga mugihe cyo gukora. Ubucucike bwacyo buke bujyanye n'imbaraga nyinshi ahantu hazamuka bituma umukandida w'ibanze.

Birenze ibyo, amashanyarazigukorayaigishushanyo cya karubonebiganisha kubikoresha muri electrode kumatanura ya arc (ibicuruzwa bikomeye kuri twe), inzira za electrolysis (nkumusaruro wa aluminimu (nkumusaruro wa aluminiya ukoreshejeanode), no guswera kugirango amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi. Ikoreshwa kandi muri bateri, selile ya lisansi, kandi nkumuyobozi mubakiranya kiriba. IhazabuIfuDutanga umusaruro urashobora gukoreshwa mumavuta, amatara ya kabiri, kandi nkibikorwa bibisi kubindi bicuruzwa bishingiye karubone. Kuva keraIsuraKurinda kumeneka mugusaba pompe yimiti kuri electrode nini ishonga toni yibyuma, porogaramu yaigishushanyo cya karuboneni nini kandi ikomeza kwaguka nka injeniyeri ivumbura inzira nshya zo gukoresha bidasanzweInyungu za Karuboni.

Kubaguzi nka Mariko: Ni izihe nyungu zingenzi zamashusho ya karuboni zigomba kuba abashinzwe amasoko bagomba kwibandaho?

Kubashinzwe amasoko nka Mark Thompson, bashinzwe amasokoIbishushanyo bya electrode nibicuruzwa bifitanye isanoKubigo byabo, gusobanukirwa nyamukuruInyungu za Karubonini ngombwa kugirango ufate ibyemezo byamenyeshejwe. Mark, kuba mwiza-kumva neza nyamara ushakisha ibiciro byikwirakwizwa, bikeneye kuringaniza ibiciro hamwe nibikorwa. Inyungu zingenzi zo kwibandaho zirimo:

• Imikorere mubihe bikabije:Ubushobozi bwaigishushanyo cya karubonegukomeza ubusugire bwayo n'umutungo kuri cyaneubushyuhe bwinshis (naCryugenicimwe) ni ingingo ikomeye yo kugurisha. Ibi bivuze ubuzima burebure kubigize nka electrode mumisozi ya steel, kugabanya igihe cyo kwisiga no gusimbuza inshuro.
• Umutungo Wikinisha:Kubisaba birimo ibice nkibikwikoreracyangwakashes, thekwihishakamere yaigishushanyo cya karuboneGuhindura hasi kubungabunga, nta mpamvu yo guhuza amakuru yo hanze (kugabanya ibintu bigoye kandi bishobora kwanduza), kandi ibikorwa byizewe. Iki nigikoresho cyo kuzigama no kuzigama no gukora neza.
• Impeta yimiti:Munganda zikemura ibibazo byangiza, byizaKurwanya imitiyaigishushanyo cya karuboneIrinde kubura imburagihe, bituma ibicuruzwa bitunganijwe, kandi bigabanya ibyago byo kumeneka cyangwa kumeneka. Ibi bigira uruhare mumutekano kandi bigabanya imyanda yibintu.
• Ubushyuhe n'amashanyarazi:Kubisabwa nka electrode cyangwa guhanahana ubushyuhe, umusukagukorayaigishushanyo cya karuboneHaza koherezwa kwingufu neza, bishobora kuganisha ku gukoresha ingufu no mubihe byihuse. Ubwiza bwaIbishushanyoIngaruka zitaziguye iyi mikorere.

Mariko, kimwe nabaguzi benshi, akenshi amasoko y'ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere nk'Ubushinwa na Vietnam. Kubwibyo, mugihe imiterere yuzuye yaigishushanyo cya karuboneBirashimishije, agomba kandi kwemeza ko utanga isoko ashobora guhora atanga izi nyungu. Ibi bikubiyemo gusuzugura igenzura ryabatanga kubintu byo gukora, uhereye kumahitamo yibitekerezo (nkaCotroleum Cokenabinder) Kugereranya no gushushanya. Guhuzaamanota ya karubonini igihe kinini. Kwibanda kuri izo nyungu zifatika zifasha kwemeza ishoramari murwego rwo hejuruIbicuruzwa bya karubone, nkuko bagira ingaruka muburyo butaziguye, ibiciro byo kubungabunga, hamwe no gutanga umusaruro muri rusange kubakiriya be (impenga ya Steel, iys, ibit.

Gukemura ibibazo bisanzwe: ubuziranenge, impamyabumenyi, n'ibikoresho by'ibicuruzwa bya karubone

Iyo uguraigishushanyo cya karuboneIbicuruzwa, cyane cyane kubisabwa, abaguzi nka Mark Thompson birumvikana ko bafite ibibazo byingenzi. Nka nyiri uruganda, Allen, nishora mubiganiro bitabarika bivuga kuri ibi. Ubugenzuzi bwiza, ibyemezo bikwiye, ibikoresho byizewe, hamwe nuburyo bwo kwishyura buri imbere. Ingingo z'ububabare bwa Mark, nk'itumanaho ridakora kandi ridatinze, ni ibibazo dukora cyane byo kugabanya.

Kugenzura neza hamwe nimpano:
Ibi ni ibyingenzi. Abatanga isoko bazwi bagomba kugira sisitemu nziza yo kugenzura ubuziranenge. Ibi birimo:

• Kugenzura ibintu bya gake:GuharaniraCotroleum Coke, binder, nibindi byinjira bihura nibisobanuro byimbitse.
• Kugenzura neza:Gukurikirana ibipimo bikomeye mugihekubumba, guteka, no gushushanya.
• Kwipimisha ibicuruzwa byanyuma:KugenzuraUmutungoKimwe n'ubucucike, imbaraga, itandukaniro ry'amashanyarazi, n'ibirimo ivu kurwanya amahame yemeranijweho.
  Impamyabumenyi Nka ISO 9001 nintambwe nziza, ariko ibyemezo byihariye cyangwa raporo zigerageza zisobanura kubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga (urugero, kuri yihariyeamanota ya karubonielectrode) zirakomeye cyane. Buri gihe dutanga impapuro zisobanura ibikoresho kandi zifunguye kubisobanuro byabandi. Twumva gucika intege kw'uburiganya icyemezo no kwemeza ko ibyangombwa byacu ari ukuri kandi bigenzurwa. Kurugero, ibyacuUhp graprodengwino hamwe na raporo zigerageza.

Ibikoresho n'itumanaho:
Gutinda kohereza birashobora gufata gahunda yumusaruro. Gucunga ibikoresho byiza birimo:

• Ibihe bifatika bikabaho:Gutanga igereranyo nyabyo kuva mu ntangiriro.
• Gupakira:Kubungabunga ibicuruzwa nka byoroshyeibishushanyo mbonera bya electrodecyangwa electrode nini irinzwe mugihe cyo gutambuka.
• Abafatanyabikorwa b'imishinga yizewe:Gukorana nimirongo yo kohereza imbere no kuboherereza.
• Itumanaho rifatika:Gukomeza umukiriya kumenyeshwa ibintu byoherejwe ni urufunguzo. Turimo guha abahagarariye ibicuruzwa bitangwa bahuguwe kuvugana neza kandi neza, gutanga ibishya bisanzwe kandi bitabira ibibazo. Ibi bifasha kwirinda akamenyetso kubabara havugwa itumanaho ridakora. Twumva ko mugihe Mariko abizi abizi, arashobora kubura ubuhanga bwa tekiniki, bityo ikipe yacu yiteguye gusobanura amakuru ya tekiniki muburyo burumvikana.

Uburyo bwo kwishyura:
Uburyo bworoshye kandi bwitondewe bwo kwishyura ni ngombwa mubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Dutanga amahitamo atandukanye, harimo amabaruwa yinguzanyo (L / C), kwimura telegraphic (t / t), hamwe na rimwe na rimwe.

Mugukemura ibibazo bidashoboka, tugamije kubaka ikizere cyigihe kirekire nabakiriya nka Mariko. Ubunararibonye bwacu nkuruganda rufite imirongo 7 yumusaruro no kohereza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga muri Amerika, Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, Uburayi, na Ositaraliya byerekana ko twiyemeje ubuziranenge no kwizerwa muriigishushanyo cya karuboneinganda.

Urufunguzo rufata: Agaciro karambye ka karuboni

Igishushanyo cya karuboneni kure cyane kuruta ibikoresho byoroshye. Umutungo wacyo wihariye uyigira ikintu gikomeye mubuhanga butagira ingano. Dore recap yihuse yimpamvu ifite agaciro cyane:

• Kurwanya ubushyuhe budasanzwe:Gukora byizewe haba hejuru cyane kandiCryugenicubushyuhe aho ibindi bikoresho byananiranye.
• Kwiyambagira:Kugabanya amakimbirane no kwambara mu bice byimuka bidafite amavuta yo hanze, byiza kuriKumaGusaba no kugabanya kubungabunga.
• Imyitwarire myiza:ByizaUbushyuhe n'amashanyaraziKora ingenzi kuri sisitemu y'amashanyarazi, electrode, n'ubuyobozi bukabije.
• Kurwanya imiti itangaje:Cyaneinertno kurwanyaruswaKuva mumiti myinshi, kurengera kuramba mubidukikije bikaze.
• Bitandukanye binyuze mu gukora:Imitungo irashobora guhuzwa binyuze muburyo busakudahinduka(hamweresincyangwaibyuma) no kugenzuraamanota ya karuboniByakozwe mubikoresho fatizo nkaCotroleum Cokenabinder.
• Imbaraga n'umutekano:Ingwate ikomeye ya atome mubice hamwe nuburyo buhamye bwa kirisiti butanga umusanzu mubikorwa bya mashini no kwaguka hasi.
• Umubare munini wa porogaramu:Kuvakashes nakwikoreraKuriroketiibice hamwe na videwo nini yerekana,Igishushanyo cya karubone gikoreshwaahantu hose.

Nka Allen, kuva ku kuyoboraUruganda rwa electrode yumwugaMu Bushinwa, nabonye imbaraga zihinduka zaigishushanyo cya karubonehakurya y'inganda. Kubaguzi nka Mark Thompson namasosiyete kwisi yose, gusobanukirwa nibiInyungu za Karubonini urufunguzo rwo kwishyurwa ubushobozi bwuzuye bwo gukora neza, kwizerwa, no guhanga udushya. Twiyemeje gutanga ubuziranengeigishushanyo cya karuboneibisubizo kugirango byumvikane ibyo bikenewe kandi bisabwa.