Fungura amabanga yibishushanyo 4000 ° C Guhagarika ingingo: Impamvu ibishushanyo mbonera byita cyane mubushuhe bukabije

Igishushanyo, uburyo busa nkaho bworoshye bwa karubone, butunga ibintu bidasanzwe: ingingo yo gushonga cyane. Iyi ngingo ihitana mu isi ishimishije ibishushanyo, ishakisha ingingo zidasanzwe - kugera hafi 4000 ° C - kandi imitungo idasanzwe ituma ibishushanyo mbonera byingenzi mu bijyanye n'inganda z'inganda. Gusobanukirwa Izi nyungu bizamurikira impamvu igishushanyo kibintu bikomeye kunganda ziva mubyakozwe na ibyuma kugirango utere imbere kuri metallurgy.

Niki mubyukuri igishushanyo nicyo gituma ahantu ho gushonga cyane?

Igishushanyo nigishushanyo gisanzwe cya karubone, aho buri umweAtomniyahujwe nabandi batatumumiterere ya alattice ya hexagonal, ikora impapuro. Izi mpapuro noneho zishyizwe hamwe hamwe, zifitwe naintege nke za van der. Iyi miterere idasanzwe nurufunguzo rwaimitungo y'ibishushanyo, harimo biratangajeIngingo yoroheje. Ibikoresho bitandukanye hamwe nubucuti bukomeye mubyerekezo byose, abakomeyecovantMumpapuro zishushanya zisaba imbaraga nyinshi zicika. IbigereranijweIgishushanyo cyo gushongaibikije dogere 4000celsius(hafi dogere 7230Fahrenheit), Isezerano ku mbaraga ziyi nkunga.

Igishimishije, igishushanyo ntabwo rwose "gishonga" muburyo gakondo. Ahubwo, ihura nanga, ihinduka kuva kumusigaze kuri gaze cyaneubushyuhe bwinshi. Iyi ngingo yo kugabura akenshi ni iki kivugwa nkaGushonga Ingingo yibishushanyo. GukomeraAtomgahunda n'imbaraga zaConact Bonds hamwe nizindi karuboneatome nibyo byemerera igishushanyo kurikwihanganiraBirakabijeubushyuhe bwinshi.

Ni ukubera iki ahantu heza cyane cyane ibishushanyo (~ 4000 ° C) inyungu zikomeye?

Igishushanyo kinini cyo gushongantabwo ari ukuri gushimishije gusa; Numukino-uhindura inzira nyinshi zinganda. Ibi biranga bitanga igishushanyo cyimikorere idasanzwe mubidukikije aho ibindi bintu byasenyuka gusa. Tekereza ku misozi ya Steel, aho icyuma cyashongeshejwe n'ubushyuhe burenga 1500 ° C. Cyangwa tekereza inzira ya metallurcique isunika inshuro nyinshi. Ubushobozi bwibishushanyo kugirango bugumane ubunyangamugayo bwarwo muburyo bwubushyuhe bukabije butuma butunganye kugirango bukoreshweIgishushanyo Cyinshis for gushonga ibyuma,electrodes kumanura ya arc, hamwe nuburinganire kuriitanura ryinshis.

TheIngingo yoroheje yerekanaIgishushanyo cyizewe mubihe aho ukomeza gushikama munsiubushyuhe bwinshini igihe kinini. Uku kwizerwa bisobanura neza mu buryo butemewe no kongera umutekano mugusaba igenamiterere ryinganda. Kurugero, ukoresheje ibigize ibishushanyo bigabanya ibyago byo kunanirwa kwibiza kubera ubushyuhe bwinshi, kugirango ibikorwa bihoraho bikomeze kandi bikarinda igihe gihenze.

Bigenda bite iyo ugerageje kumenya igishushanyo nyacyo?

Mugihe dukunze kuvuga 4000 ° C nkaIgishushanyo cyo gushonga, shyira ubushyuhe nyabwo nibikorwa bya siyansi. Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, ibishushanyo mbonera aho gushonga muburyo busanzwe. Ubushyuhe aho ibi bibaho ntabwo ari ingingo ihamye ariko ahubwo biterwa nibintu nkibitutu nubwiza bwibishushanyo. Munsi yigitutu gisanzwe cyikirere, igishushanyo kizagabana hafi 3652 °celsius. Ariko, munsi yigitutu kinini cyane, hafi yuburyo bwayoGushonga, ubu bushyuhe bushobora rwose kwegera 4000 ° C.

Byongeye kandi, kuba hari umwanda muburyo bubi bushobora no guhindura imyitwarire yubushyuhe. Kubwibyo, mugihe muganira kuriGushonga Ingingo yibishushanyo, akenshi ni ukuri kwerekeza kumurongo aho kuba agaciro kamwe, kanduye. Iyi nuance ni ingenzi kuba injeniyeri hamwe nabahanga mubikoresho bakorana nibishushanyo muri porogaramu zihariye.

Urebye ibyifuzo byikirere kinini, ni ibihe bishushanyo bikoreshwa?

Ibishushanyo bishushanyije cyaneMuburyo bunini bwaubushyuhe bwinshiPorogaramu, Gutanga bidasanzweIngingo yorohejen'izindi ngirakamaroimitungo y'ibishushanyo. Mu nganda z'ibyuma,Ibishushanyo bishushanyije byakoreshejwenkelectrodeS mumatanura ya ARC arc ni ngombwa mugushonga icyuma. Ibielectrodekubikeneyekwihanganirabikomeyeubushyuhe bwinshi arcs nta gutesha agaciro.

Hanze y'icyuma,Igishushanyo Cyinshis yakoreshejwe cyane kugirango ashongeshe ibyuma bitandukanyeitanura rya metallurgical. KurwanyaKurwanya UbushyuheKandi impeta yimiti ituma bakora neza kubamo ibikoresho byashongeshejwe.Ibishushanyo bishushanyije nabyo birakoreshwaKuremaImirongo n'ibikoresho bitwarainitanura ryo kurwanyandetse no mubikoresho byihariye nkaitanura rimwes ikoreshwa mukora semiconductor. IbyaboKurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshini itagereranywa nibindi bikoresho byinshi. Twebwe, nka aUruganda rufite imirongo 7, kubyaraIbikoresho byiza cyaneibyo byujuje ibyo bisabwa.

Dore incamake yihuse aho ushobora gusanga ibishushanyo byacu mubikorwa:

• Urusyo rwa Steel:NkAmashanyarazi arc itanura rya electrode.
• Inziba:InIgishushanyo Cyinshis for gushonga ibyuma bitandukanye.
• Amasosiyete ya Metallurgie:NkImirongo n'ibikoresho bitwarainitanura rya metallurgical.
• Inganda za elegitoroniki:Initanura rimwes naelectron tube anodes.
• Inganda za shimi:KuriGuhana ubushyuhe mu nganda za shimiKubera ibyaboKurwanya Kwangirika.

Birenze kurwanya ubushyuhe: Ni ibihe bintu bifatika byibishushanyo mbonera nkwiye kumenya?

Mugihe bidasanzweIngingo yorohejeni ugushushanya kwibanze,Igishushanyo gifite ibintu byinshi byizaIbyo bigira ibikoresho bihuriyeho. BidasanzweUbushyuheyemerera kwimura ubushyuhe neza, ingenzi muri porogaramu nkaGuhana ubushyuhe mu nganda za shimi. Byongeye kandi, igishushanyo mboneraImyitwarire y'amashanyarazi, kora nezaelectrodes. Iritonda hasiUbushyuhe bwo Kwagura, bivuze ko itagutse cyane mugihe ashyushye, ari ngombwa kugirango ukomeze gushikama hagatiubushyuhe bwinshiibidukikije.

Ikindi cyifuzo cyingenzi ni ugushushanya. Intege nke hagati yabaturage babemerera kunyerera birengana byoroshye, bihindura igishushanyo cyumye. Byongeye, igishushanyo mboneraKurwanya Kwangirika, cyane cyane kuri acide kandialkali, bityo ukuzamura ubuzima bwayo muburyo bukaze inganda. Uku guhuzaubushyuhe, amashanyarazi, imashini, n'imitiimitungo y'ibishushanyobigira ibikoresho bitagereranywa muburyo bwinshi.

Nigute imyitwarire yo hejuru yubushyuhe bungukirwa itanura ryinshi?

TheImyitwarire myizaIbishushanyo bigira uruhare rukomeye murwego rwibikorwa nibikorwa byaitanura ryinshis. Uyu mutungo wemerera ubushyuhe gukwirakwizwa neza muriitanura, kugabanya ibibanza bishyushye no kwemeza gusa gushyushya ibikoresho byatunganijwe. Muri porogaramu nkaitanura rya silicon rirbide, aho kugenzura ubushyuhe busobanutse ari ngombwa, harashushanyije ubushobozi bwo gukora vuba ubushyuhe ninyungu zikomeye.

GukoreshaIbishushanyo bishushanyije bikoreshwa kubutaka burebureKubaka cyangwa nkibigize imbere biganisha ku gushyuza byihuse kandi bigabanye ingufu. Ibi bisobanurwa mugukora ibiciro bikora no kongera umusaruro kunganda zishingiyeubushyuhe bwinshiinzira. Ihererekanyabubasha ryubushyuhe kandi rigira uruhare mugukemura itanura ubwaryo tugabanukaubushyuheguhangayikishwa nibindi bice.

Tuvuge iki ku kurwanya ruswa? Ibishushanyo nkibishushanyo birashobora gukinisha itanura?

Kurwanya Kwangirikaniyindi shusho yingenzi ituma igitekerezo cyiza kuriitanura ryinshiibidukikije. Bitandukanye n'ibyuma byinshi bitesha agaciro mugihe uhuye nubushyuhe bwinshi nibintu bifatika, igishushanyo cyerekana uruvange rudasanzwe. Irashoborakwihanganiraguhura n'imiti myinshi y'ibigori, harimo acide ikomeye kandialkali, kora bikwiranye no gukoreshaitanura rya metallurgicaln'ibikoresho bitunganya imiti.

Ibi byatewe no kurwanyaAlkali na Organic Borveskwagura cyane ubuzima bwaIbikoresho, kugabanya ibikenewe gusimburwa kenshi no kugabanya igihe cyo hasi. Ndetse no kuba hari ibyuma bishonga no gusebanya, igishushanyo cyiza-cyiza, nkacuimikorere mininiguhagarika, kubungabunga ubunyangamugayo bwayo, bugenga imikorere yizewe kandi irambye. IbiImiti myiza yimitini inyungu ikomeye mubikoresho.

Haba hari amanota atandukanye yibishushanyo bikoreshwa mubushyuhe bukabije?

Nibyo, isi yibishushanyo ni itandukanye, kandi porogaramu zitandukanye zisaba byihariyeIbiranga Igishushanyo. Kubwibyo, amanota atandukanye yaibishushanyo mbonerabakorewe gukora ibyo bakeneye bitandukanye. Kubisabwa ultra-bisabaultra muremureimbaragaelectrodes mubyuma,Uhp graprodeByakoreshejwe, birangwa no kweza no kwishyurwa. Kubisabwa gake, izindi manota nkimbaraga nyinshi (HP) cyangwa imbaraga zisanzwe (rp) ibishushanyo bya RP) birashobora kuba bihagije.

Theingano y'ibishushanyoKandi ubucucike bwayo nabwo bugira uruhare rukomeye. Kurugero, ibyacu0.8mm hejuru cyane igishushanyo mboneranaGuhagarika umutimaAmaturo yagenewe gusaba imbaraga nimbaraga zisumba izindi. TheimashiniUbushobozi bwibishushanyo nabyo ni ikintu, hamwe nitsinda rimwe ryoroshye gushiraho ibice bigoye. Gusobanukirwa Izi Nugence Yemerera Abakoresha Guhitamo NzizaGuhagarikaamanota kuri yihariyeubushyuhe bwinshiibisabwa. Nk'ubuyoboziUruganda rwa electrode yumwuga, turatangaamanota atandukanyekugirango uhuze byinshi.

Kuki urusyo rugomba gushingisha rukwiye gusuzuma igishushanyo cyiza cyane nkibyacu?

Ku mboga n'inziba n'inziba, shoramari muriibishushanyo byizani icyemezo cyibikorwa bigira ingaruka kuburyo imikorere no inyungu. IbyacuIbikoresho byiza cyaneTanga ibirenzeImyitwarire y'amashanyarazi, biganisha kubikorwa byoroshye bishonga mumatanura ya arc. BidasanzweUbushyuheReba no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, kugabanya ibikoreshwa ingufu no kuzamura ireme ryibyuma byashongeshejwe.

Byongeye kandi, isumba izindiKurwanya KwangirikanaKurwanya Ubushyuheyo gushushanya ibishushanyo byacu bisobanura ubuzima burebure, kugabanya ibiciro byo gusimbuza nigihe cyo hasi. IbyacuByemejweBlock yerekana imikorere isanzwe kandi yizewe. Twumva impungenge zikomeye z'abashobora kuba abakiriya bacu nka Mark Thompson, cyane cyaneKugenzura ubuziranengekandi hakenewe ibikoresho byubahirizaAMATEKA MPUZAMAHANGA. Ubwitange bwacu bwo kugerageza ubuziranenge kandi bukomeye bwemeza ko ibishushanyo byacu byerekana gutanga imikorere ihamye kandi yizewe.

Nihe nshobora gusanga bizewe kandi byizewe-imikorere yigishushanyo mbonera cyumubiri muremure wumubiri?

Kubona Utanga isoko YizeweIbishushanyo byinshini ngombwa kunganda zikoreraitanura ryinshis. Nk'icyubahiroUruganda rufite imirongo 7bishingiyeUbushinwa, Twebwe, kuri [Ingeso yawe - Allen], kabuhariwe mu gutangaIbishushanyo bya electrode nibicuruzwa bishushanyijeibyo byujuje ibyangombwa byinganda muriAmerika, Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, Uburayi, Ositaraliya, no hanze. Twumva ibikenewe byaimpengamiro, Amashanyarazi arc abakoresha, ishyirwa, naAmasosiyete ya Metallurgie.

Ubwitange bwacu bwo gukoreshaIbikoresho byiza cyane, hamwe na gahunda yacu yateye imbere, iremeza ko ibishushanyo byacu byerekana imikorere idasanzwe no kuramba. Dutanga amanota amanota, harimoUhp graprode, kugirango uhagarike ibisabwa bitandukanye. Urashobora gushakisha intera yacuImikorere-yo hejuru yambere yatetse anode karubone, guhagarika imbaraga, ndetse noInyenzi zitwara neza kuri electrodeKugirango ubone igisubizo cyuzuye kubyo ukeneye. Kubisabwa byihariye nkamatora yamashanyarazi, turatangaIgishushanyo. TuragutumiyeKuvugurura amahitamo yaweKandi udutekereze ko ari umukunzi wawe wizewe kubyo ukeneye byose.

Imashini ikomeye:

• Igishushanyo cyiza cyaneIngingo yorohejeya hafi 4000 ° C, bituma biba byiza kubibazo bikabije.
• Iyi ngingo yo gushonga iterwa no gukomeracovanthagatiAtoms muburyo budasanzwe bwimiterere.
• Ibishushanyo bikoreshwacyaneitanura ryinshis,Igishushanyo Cyinshis, na nkaelectrodes mubyuma.
• Birenze kurwanya ubushyuhe, igishushanyo gitanga cyizaUbushyuhe, Imyitwarire y'amashanyarazi, naKurwanya Kwangirika.
• Amanota atandukanye y'ibishushanyo birahari, nkaUhp graprode, gihujwe kubisabwa byihariye.
• Guhitamoibishushanyo byizairemeza imikorere, kuramba, no gukora ibiciro byinganda zinganda.
• Tekereza gushakisha intera yacuIgishushanyo gisanzwe cyamashanyarazikubisabwa bidasanzwe.

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