Imbaraga za electrode: Impamvu Igishushanyo nibindi bikoresho ari ngombwa kuri electrolysis na ext

Wigeze wibaza uko twagabanije amazi muri hydrogen na ogisijeni cyangwa uburyo amatungo atunganijwe? Igisubizo gikunze kuryama mwisi ishimishije yaelectrode. Ibi bikoresho byo kuyobora nintwari zitaringaniye zimikorere yubumenyi ninganda, ukora nkumurembo wamashanyarazi uganira nibikorwa. Iyi ngingo yinabira cyane mubwami bwaibikoresho bya electrode, Shakisha impamvuigishushanyo, kuruhandeIbyuma, ugira uruhare rukomeye muri porogaramu nkaelectrolysisnibindi byinshi. Gusobanukirwa imiterere ikora ibyizaelectrodeni urufunguzo rwo gufungura ikoranabuhanga mu buryo butandukanye.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwa electrode kandi ikora muri electrolysis?

Kuri Byoroheje, anelectrodeni umuyobora wamashanyarazi yakoreshejwe muguhuza nigice kidasanzwe cyumuzunguruko, nka anelectrolyte. Mu rwego rwaelectrolysis, inzira ikoreshwa mu gutwara imiti idahwitse imiti ikoresheje ingufu z'amashanyarazi,electrodeni ngombwa rwose. Ukeneye byibuze bibirielectrode: ananodena aCathode. Amashanyarazi anyuze murielectrolyteBinyuze muri ibielectrode. KuriCathode, nikuregwa nabi, kugabanya bibaho, bisobanura ibintuelectrons. Ibinyuranye, kurielectrode nziza, cyangwaanode, okiside ibaho, aho ibintu bitakazaelectrons. IbiKwimura Amashanyarazibyoroherejwe naelectrodeni ihame ryibanzeelectrolysis. Tekereza kurielectrodes nkurubuga aho ingufu z'amashanyarazi zihura nibintu bya shimi, bigatuma bahinduka.

Niki gituma ibikoresho byiza bya electrode?

Icyifuzoibikoresho bya electrodegutunga urufunguzo rwinshigukoraibiranga. Mbere na mbere, hejuruImyitwarire y'amashanyarazini igihe kinini. Ibi bituma bituma imirongo ifatika yaelectrons hamwe no gutakaza ingufu nke. Icya kabiri, byizaKurwanya Kwangirikani ngombwa, cyane cyane iyo theIbikoresho bikorwa muburyo bwagaragaye cyangwa bufunguye. Theelectrodeakeneye kwihanganira urusaku rushoboraelectrolyten'ibicuruzwa byaelectrochemicalreaction. Imbaraga za mashini nagukomeranabyo ni ngombwa mu kuramba, cyane cyane mu nganda ahoelectrodebirashobora gukorerwa imihangayiko. Byongeye kandi, theGuhitamo ibikoresho bya electrodeakenshi bikubiyemo gusuzuma ikiguzi no kuboneka kwaIbikoresho Byakoreshejwe. Byiza, anibikoresho bya electrodebigomba kugerwaho byoroshye kandiIgiciro gitoutabangamiye. Theibikoresho bya electrode bivugakubintu byorohereza neza imiti igenewe imiti cyangwa amabara.

Kuki imiti ikunze gukoreshwa nka electrode?

Ibyumabakunze guhitamo nkibikoresho bya electrodeBitewe numutungo wabo. ByinshiIbyumaexhit nzizaImyitwarire y'amashanyaraziKubera imiterere yabo "Inyanja ya electrons", ahoelectronS itembaga kandi ifite umudendezo wo kwimuka, kuborohereza ubwikorezi bwiza. BisanzweIbyuma bikoreshwa nkibikoresho bya electrodeshyiramoumuringa, uzwiho hejurugukorakandi ugereranijeIgiciro gito, nubwo bishobora kuba byoroshyeokisideMubihe bimwe.Platine (Pt) nubundi buryo bukunzwe kubera bidasanzweKurwanya Kwangirikakandi hejurugukora, nubwo byayoIgiciro kininibigabanya imikoreshereze yayo kubisabwa byihariye.Titaniumihabwa agaciroKurwanya Kwangirikan'ubushobozi bwo gukora ikingiraoxideurwego.Ibyuma, Akomy irimo icyuma, chromium, nibindi bintu, itanga impirimbanyi nziza yaKurwanya Kwangirika, imbaraga, hamwe nibiciro-byiza. Guhitamo umwiharikoibyumaBiterwa na porogaramu runaka nibidukikije bizakorwa.

Bite se ku gishushanyo? Kuki Graite ari ibikoresho bya electrode izwi cyane?

MugiheIbyumazirasanzwe,igishushanyoigaragara nkikintu kidasanzwe kitari ibyumaibikoresho bya electrode. Igishushanyo ni Umuyobora mwizay'amashanyarazi bitewe n'imiterere idasanzwe. Buri wese atom muriigishushanyoifitanye isano nabandi batatu, basiga bumweelectronibyo birashobora kugenda mu bwisanzure mubice, bitanga umusanzu wacyoImyitwarire y'amashanyarazi. Iby'ingenzi,igishushanyoitanga ibyizaKurwanya Kwangirikamuri benshiInzira ya electrochemical, kugirango bikwiranye nibindi bitandukanyeelectrolysisPorogaramu, ndetse no mukazeelectrolytes. Ugereranije n'agaciroIbyumankaplatine, igishushanyoni ikiguzi kinini. Uku guhuzaimyitwarire minini, Kurwanya Kwangirika, naIgiciro gitoikoraigishushanyoByifuzwa cyaneibikoresho bya electrode. UzasangainkacyangwaigishushanyoBlock ikoreshwa nkaelectrodemu ngandaelectrolysisInzira yo gukora chlorine na aluminium, mubandi. TheKuboroherezanaIbikoreshoKuboneka kurushaho kugira uruhare muburyo bwo gukoresha cyane.

Nigute guhitamo ibikoresho bya electrode bigira ingaruka muburyo bwa electrochemika?

TheGuhitamo ibikoresho bya electrodeifite ingaruka zikomeye kubikorwa hamwe nibisubizo byaInzira ya electrochemical. TheImyitwarire y'amashanyaraziyaelectrodebigira ingaruka itaziguyevoltageasabwa gutwara reaction. Cyaneibikoresho byizakugabanya igihombo cyingufu kubera kurwanya. Theelectrochemicalimitungo yaibikoresho bya electrode, nko kuba byinshi birenze urugero kubitekerezo byihariye (nkubwihindurize bwa ogisijeni cyangwa hydrogen), menya neza imbaraga zaelectrolysis. Kurugero, ukoresheje anibikoresho bya electrodehamwe no kwitondera cyane ubwihindurize bwa ogisijeni mumazielectrolysisbisaba imbaraga nyinshi kubyara hydrogène. TheKurwanya KwangirikayaelectrodeShira ubuzima bwayo nubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa. Nibaelectrodecorode, icyuma cyicyuma kirashobora kwanduza Uwitekaelectrolyten'ibicuruzwa bya nyuma. Byongeye kandi, theahantu hashyizwe hejuruyaelectrodeagira ingaruka ku gipimo cy'imyitwarire; aahantu haniniitanga imbuga nyinshi kuriKwimura Amashanyarazi, biganisha ku myitwarire byihuse.

Ni izihe ngero zimwe na zimwe za porogaramu za electrode zirenze electrolysis?

Mugiheelectrolysisni porogaramu ikomeye,electrodeni ngombwa mu yandi mategeko atandukanye. InIngirabuzimafatizo, electrodekora nkuko umusemburo waelectrochemicalreaction itanga amashanyarazi muri fruels nka hydrogen. Theibikoresho bya electrodeinIngirabuzimafatizobigomba kuba umusemburo cyane kandiruswa-Sisant. Inimashiniing itunganijwe nko gusohoza amashanyarazi (EDM),electrodes ikozwe mubikoresho byo kuyobora nkaigishushanyocyangwaumuringabikoreshwa kuri erode aIgikorwaBinyuze kugenzurwagusohora amashanyarazi. Ibisobanuro kandigukomerayaibikoresho bya electrodeni ngombwa muri EDM.Electrodenibigize kandi ibice by'ibanze muri bateri, harimolithium-ion bateri, ahoigishushanyobikunze gukoreshwa nkaanodeibikoresho. Byongeye kandi, murielectroanalyticalchimie, byihariyeelectrode, nkaDisiki ya rohoational electrode, zikoreshwa mukwiga uburyo bwimyitwarire hamwe nibintu. Izi ngero zerekana ko bitandukanyeelectroden'akamaro ko guhitamo bikwiyeibikoresho bya electrodekuri buri gusaba.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya electrode nziza na Cathode?

Muri buri weseelectrochemicalselile, yaba anelectrolysisselile cyangwa bateri, hariho bibiri byingenzielectrode: theelectrode nzizanaCathode. AmagamboanodenaCathodeSobanura icyerekezo cyo gutembera. Theanodeniho okiside ibaye, kandi nielectrodeBinyuze muri iyo mirongo isanzweinigikoresho. Muri anelectrolysisAkagari, Theanodenielectrode nziza. Ibinyuranye, TheCathodeniho kugabanya bibaho, kandi nielectrodeBinyuze muri iyo mirongo isanzwehanzey'ibikoresho. Muri anelectrolysisAkagari, TheCathode electrode igombabekuregwa nabi. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko ikimenyetso cyaelectrode(byiza cyangwa bibi) birashobora guterwa niba selile itwara amashanyarazi (nkaelectrolysis) cyangwa gutanga amashanyarazi (nka bateri). Ariko, ibisobanuro byaanode(okiside) naCathode(kugabanuka) guma gushikama.

Haba hari ibindi bikoresho bya electrode atari metalide usibye igishushanyo?

Mugiheigishushanyoni intangiriro itari ibyumaibikoresho bya electrode, Harihoubundi bwokoikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye.Gukora ibikoresho bya polymerS, kurugero, ni ukunguka traction kubera ibyaboguhinduka nezan'ubushobozi bwo guhimba kw'ibiciro. Izi Polymes zirashoboraelectrochemiqueyahinduwe kugirango yongere imbaragagukora. KaruboniNanomarialumuringena karubone nanotubes (Gukoresha CNTS) nazo zirimo gushakisha kubera bidasanzwegukoranaahantu hanini, bigatuma basezeranya kubisabwa muriHybrid Supercaacitersna sensor iteye imbere.Oxideibikoresho, cyane cyaneicyumasruthenium oxide(Ruo2) na Iridiumoxide(Iro2), ikoreshwa cyane nkukoibikoresho bya electrodeMubikorwa bisaba ibikorwa byo hejuru bya kataletitique, nkubwihindurize bwa ogisijeni mumazielectrolysis. Gukora karubone ya electrode, hamwe n'uburebure bwaboahantu hashyizwe hejuru, mubisanzwe bikoreshwa muri supercaciters kububiko bwingufu. N'ibikoresho nkasilicon carbideshaka ibimenyetso bya Niche nkukoelectrodeMubihe byihariye.

Nibihe bintu bimwe byingenzi ugomba gusuzuma mugihe uhitamo ibikoresho bya electrode?

Mugihe uhitamo uburenganziraibikoresho bya electrode, ibintu byinshi bakeneye kubitekerezaho neza.Imyitwarire y'amashanyaraziikomeje guhangayikishwa cyane no kwimura neza.Kurwanya Kwangirikani ngombwa kugirango arebeelectrode'Kuramba no gukumira umwanda. Theelectrochemicalidirishya ryaibikoresho, isobanura urwego rwavoltages hejuru yaelectrodeirahamye, na nayo ni ngombwa. Theahantu hashyizwe hejurun'ubupfura bwaelectrodeirashobora guhindura cyane igipimo cya reaction, cyane cyane mubikorwa bya kataleti. Imiterere ya mashini, nkagukomeran'imbaraga, ni ngombwa kurielectrode'Kuramba. Igiciro kandi kiboneka ni ibitekerezo bifatika, cyane cyane kubisabwa byinganda. Hanyuma, ibidukikije byihariye bya chimique nibyo bigeneweInzira ya electrochemicalazategeka aho runakaibikoresho bya electrode. Abashakashatsi bahora bashakisha ibishyaNanomotalialnaMultilayer electrodeibishushanyo byo guhitamo imitungo.

Nihe nshobora kwiga byinshi kuri eclerrochemge yibikoresho bitandukanye bya electrode?

Kubashaka ubumenyi bwimbitse kubyerekeye interricies yaibikoresho bya electroden'imyitwarire yabo,INGINGO YUBASOZIitanga amakuru menshi. Iyi mbuto kumurongo itanga ubutsinzi bwimikorere yubumenyi butandukanye bwa siyansi na tekiniki, harimo nibiganiro birambuye kuriAmashanyarazi, bitandukanyeibikoresho bya electrode, no gusaba kwabo. Urashobora kubona ibisobanuro byimbitse byaKwimura AmashanyaraziUburyo,electrochemicalreaction kuri Bitandukanyeelectrodeubuso, n'amahame inyuma yubuhanga bumezeAmashanyarazi. GushakishaINGINGO YUBASOZIbijyanye naelectrode, electrolysis, n'ibikoresho byihariye nkaigishushanyo, platine, naicyumas izatanga urufatiro rukomeye rwo gusobanukirwa iki murima ushimishije kandi wingenzi. Urashobora kandi kubona amakuru ajyanye na kabuhariweelectrodeubwoko nkaIgishushanyo mbonera, yashishikarijwe karubone ya vitreous, cyangwa no Kubogamiye KurimoMesh. Wibuke, gusobanukirwa noison yaIbikoresho bya electrode ni imikorereni urufunguzo rwo guteza imbere tekinoroji myinshi.

Imashini ikomeye:

• Electrodeni abayobora ibyingenzi byoroherezaKwimura Amashanyaraziinzira nkaelectrolysis.
• Ibintu by'ingenzi by'ibyizaibikoresho bya electrodeshyiramo hejuruImyitwarire y'amashanyarazi, Kurwanya Kwangirika, n'imbaraga za mashini.
• Ibyumankaumuringa, platine, naTitaniumbirasanzweibikoresho bya electrodeKubera ibyabogukora.
• Igishushanyoni ikunzwe itari izwi cyane itari ibyuma bitewe nacyoIbyiza by'amashanyarazi, Kurwanya Kwangirika, naIgiciro gito.
• TheGuhitamo ibikoresho bya electrodeIngaruka zikomeye kandi ingaruka zaInzira ya electrochemical.
• ElectrodeShakisha porogaramu zirenzeelectrolysis, harimo naIngirabuzimafatizonaimashiniing (EDM).
• Theanodeniho okiside ibaye, naCathodeniho kugabanuka bibaho.
• Uretseigishushanyo, abandi badafite metallicibikoresho bya electrodeshyiramoGukora ibikoresho bya polymers na karubon nanomatations nkaumuringe.
• Guhitamo uburenganziraibikoresho bya electrodebisaba kwitabwaho nezagukora, ruswaKurwanya, igiciro, na porogaramu yihariye.
• Ibikoresho nkaINGINGO YUBASOZIgutanga amakuru yingirakamaro kuriAmashanyaraziBya Bitandukanyeibikoresho bya electrode.

Dutanga urwego rwinshiigishushanyoIbicuruzwa bikwiranye nibindi bitandukanyeelectrodePorogaramu. Tekereza gushakisha ibyacuImbaraga-Imbaraga Zihejuru ElectrodeKubisabaelectrolysisinzira cyangwa ibyacuInyenzi zitwara neza kuri electrodekuri porogaramu zihariye. Urashobora kandi kubona ibikoresho byiza bya porogaramu ya EDM muri tweGuhagarika imbaraga.