Karubone anode nintwari zitaringaniye zaaluminiuminganda. Ni ngombwaibicemu ingufuelectrolysisinzira ihinduraaluminamu bihuhaibyumaDukoresha ahantu hose. Gusobanukirwa umusaruro, imikorere, nubwiza nibyinshi kubantu bose babigizemo uruhareUmusaruro wa Aluminum, Cyane cyane inzobere mu masoko nka Mark Thompson uyobora ibintu bitoroshye byerekana ibi bikoresho byingenzi. Iyi ngingo isimbuka mwisi yakarubone, kora inshingano zingenzi zaCotroleum Cokena bunders, interricies yaUmusaruro wa Anode, imyitwarire yabo mugihealuminium electrolysise, hamwe nibitekerezo byingenzi kugirango byemeze neza,ubuziranengegutanga. Gusoma ibi bizatanga ubushishozi bufite agaciroaluminiumibikorwa no gutanga ibyemezo byamenyeshejwe.
Niki rwose karubone kandi kuki ari ngombwa kubasangirwa rya aluminium?
A karubone anodeni ahanini ahantu hanini cyane cyane mubikoresho byatunganijwe, biganjemoKubara Cotroleum Cokeihuriro hamweAmakara Tar. Mu rwego rw'ibanzeUmusaruro wa Aluminum, uruhare rwarwo ni rwibanze rwose. Ikora nk'igice kimwe cyaelectrochemicalselile (byumwihariko, electrode nziza cyangwaAnode na Cathodecouple) ikoreshwa muri salle-héroult gahunda, abiganjeingandauburyo bwo kubyaraaluminiumKw'isi yose. Hatariho aya anode, theelectrolysisbisabwakunuka alumina(aluminium oxide) mu bwengeAluminiumntibishobora kubaho neza.
Imikorere yibanze yakarubone anodemu gihealuminium electrolysiseni bibiri. Ubwa mbere, bikora ibikeneweAmashanyarazimurielectrolytickwiyuhagira (molten chelitebikubiyemo guseswaalumina). Icya kabiri, kandi birake cyane, byitabira muriimitireaction. TheogisijeniIONS yarekuwe murialuminamu giheelectrolysisreba na karubone ya anode kuriubushyuhe bwinshi, gushirahodioxyde de carbone na karubone monoxideimyuka. Iyi myitwarire niyo mpamvukarubone anodemu gihe cyaIgikorwa. Ibigukoreshabisobanura anodes ikeneye igihegusimburwa, kubakora ikiguzi gikomeye kandi gikoreshwa cyane murialuminium. Imikorere yabo igira ingaruka itaziguye imbaraga,ibyumaubuziranenge, na rusange umusaruro muri rusange.
Nigute inzira ya karbone anode ikorwa?
TheUmusaruro wa karubonini uburyo buhanitse, intambwe nyinshi yagenewe gukora amede hamwe numubiri wihariye kandiimitiimitungo. Itangirana no guhitamo neza no guteguraibikoresho fatizo, cyane cyaneCotroleum Cokenacoal tarikibuga. TheCotroleum Coke, ibyo bikorwa nkibiterankunga, bibarwa mbere (gushyuha hejuruubushyuheMugihe cyo kubura umwuka) kugirango ukureho ibintu bihindagurika no kongeraubucucikenaImyitwarire y'amashanyarazi. IbiKubara Cotroleum Cokehanyuma irajanjagurwa kandi yerekanwe muburyo buke - ibi niCoke.
Ubu buniniCokebavanze n'amaziAmakara Tar, ikora nka abinder, gufatacokehamwe. Uku kuvanga bikorwa kuri hejuruubushyuheKugirango umenye neza ko gukubita no gukoma amatwi neza. Igice cyavuyemo noneho cyakozwe mubice binini, mubisanzwe binyuze muri vibro-comping cyangwa gukanda. Izi "Green" anode iracyafite intege nke. Intambwe y'ingenzi irateka, aho icyatsi kibisi gishyushye buhoro buhoro mu itanura rinini muminsi myinshi kugeza ubushyuhe akenshi burenze 1100 ° C. Iyi mikorere yo guteka karater pitch, irema imbaraga, zikomeyekarubone anodeguhagarika, kandi ukuramo ibikoresho byose bihishe. Rimwe na rimwe, ikindiInzira yo kuvurankaGushushanya(gushyushya n'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ~ 2500 ° C +) birashobora gukoreshwa kubisabwa byihariye bisaba imitungo yoroshye, nubwo ibi bitoroshye kubisanzwealuminium kunukaing anode ugereranije, vuga,igishushanyoelectrode kumatanura.
Nibihe bikoresho byingenzi byibanze, cyane cyane coke ya peteroli, ikoreshwa mumusaruro wa Anode?
Ubwiza bwa nyumakarubone anodeifitanye isano ryinshi zijyanye nubuziranenge bwibikoresho byayo. IbanzeIbikoresho bya Raw, gukora 65-75% ya misa ya anode, niCotroleum Coke. Nibintu byanze bikunze inzira yo gutunganya amavuta. Ariko, ntabwo aribyo gusaCotroleum CokeUzakora. KuriUmusaruro wa Anode, sulfure-hasi-sulfure, ibyuma bike-ibyuma "Anode-Icyiciro"cokeirakenewe. Igomba kubangamira kubara, aubushyuhe bwinshiinzira ihindura cyane imiterere yayo, kunozaImyitwarire y'amashanyarazinaubucucike, ni ngombwaibipimos gukora nezaelectrolysis. Guhoraho no kweza kwaKubara Cotroleum Cokegutanga ni ibyingenzi byibanda kubikora Anode kandi, kubwibyo, kurialuminiumAbakora ibicuruzwa. Gutandukana birashobora guhindura cyane imikorere ya anode kandigukoreshaibiciro.
Urufunguzo rwa kabiriibicenibinder, mubisanzweAmakara Tar, saba hafi 15-25% yo kuvanga. Iki kibuga gikomoka kubitandukanyacoal tar, onproductamakaraGuhangana mu nganda zibyuma. Ikibuga kigomba kugira imitungo yihariye, harimo na softening ikwiye, vikisiyo, hamwe na faking agaciro, kugirango uhuze nezaCokeMugihe cyo kuvanga no gushinga, hanyuma utange matrix ikomeye ya karubone nyuma yo guteka. Rimwe na rimwe, ibikoresho bya Anode (ibice bidakoreshwa bya Acode) nabyo byarajanjaguwe kandi byongeraho kuvanga, kuzamura imikoreshereze y'abakozi. Gutererana, ubuziranenge-bwizaAmakara maremare ya karubone ya Tarphalt(ikibuga) naCotroleum Cokeni umurimo uhoraho winganda nkuwacu, kubuza finalekarubone anodeguhura nibisabwa.
Siyanse yabisobanuye: Nigute Carbon Anodes ikora muri aluminiyum electrolysis?
Inzira ya Hall-héroult ni urufatiro rwibigezwehoUmusaruro wa Aluminum, nakarubone anodeni mu kigo cyacyo cyo gukora. Inzira ibera muri selile nini ya electrolytic cyangwa "inkono." Intangiriro ya Kagari karimo kwiyuhagiramolten chelite(Na₃alf₆), mubisanzwe ikora kuri aubushyuhehafi ya 950-970 ° C.Alumina(Al₂o₃), yakuwe muri Ore ya Bauxite, ishonga muribigusenyakwiyuhagira. Thekarubone anodeBlock yahagaritswe mu bwogero buva hejuru, mugihe selile itondekanye, nayo yakozweIbikoresho bya karubone(kenshiigishushanyoBlock), Ibyakozwe nka Cathode (electrode mbi).
Iyo afite imbaragaAmashanyarazi(akenshi ibihumbi magana amperesi) byanyuze muri selire kuva kurikarubone anodeKuri Cathode ukoreshejemolten chelite electrolyte, theinzira ya electrolyseitangira. Guseswaaluminakwitandukanyaaluminiumnaogisijeniion. KuregwaaluminiumIon yimukira kuri Cathode, aho yunguka electrons no kubitsa nkuko yashongeshejweAluminium(Al³⁺ + 3e⁻ → al). Icyarimwe, uregwa nabiogisijeniIon (O²⁻) kwimuka kurikarubone anode. Hano, TheelectrochemicalIgisubizo kibaho: Theogisijenireact hamwe na karubone ya anode. Iyi reaction ahaninidioxyde de carbone (CO2), nubwo bamwemonoxidenayo ikorwa bitewe nibihe. Igisubizo cyoroshye muri rusange kuri Anode ni: 2o²⁻ + c →CO2+ 4e⁻. Iyi myitwarire itwarakarubone anodeIbikoresho, gahoro gahoro gabanya ubwogero hejuru yubuzima bwayo bukora, nibisanzwe ni ibyumweru byinshi.
Ni uruhe ruhare coke gukinisha ibirenze kuba ibikoresho fatizo mu balumunum gushonga?
MugiheCotroleum Cokeni ngombwa cyaneIbikoresho bya Rawkurikarubone anodeubwabwo, imbaraga zayo zigera zirenze gusa kurenza urugeroIbikoresho Byakoreshejwe. Theubwokonaubuziranengeyacokegutegeka cyane imitungo yanyuma nibikorwa bya anode murialuminiumAkagari. Imiterere yashizweho nyuma yo kubara no guteka ingaruka zikomeye ibintu nkaImyitwarire y'amashanyarazi, imbaraga za mashini, no kubyitwaramoogisijeninaCO2. Hejurugukorani ngombwa kugirango ugabanye igihombo cyingufu (ikibazo cya voltage) hakurya ya anode, kunoza imbaraga rusange zaUmusaruro wa Aluminuminzira.
Byongeye kandi, thecokeImiterere igira ingaruka kuri Anode Kurwanya Byombiimashiniguhangayika (gutunganya, guhagarika umutima) naimitiigitero (okidation ukoresheje umwuka kandiCO2, reaction hamwecloliteibice). Anode-yubatswe nezaubuziranenge cokeizaba ifite hasigukoreshaibiciro, bivuze ibikoresho bike anode birakenewe kuri toni yaaluminiumbyakozwe. Bizabyara kandi bikeibisigisigin'umukungugu, utanga umusanzu wo kugenda inkonoguterana amagambocyangwa ibibazo bikora. Kubwibyo, mugihe rimwe na rimwe urebye nka alisansiInkomoko mu zindi nganda, muriUmusaruro wa Anode, cokeni ibikoresho bya moteri cyane bisabwa byitondera neza guhitamo byosealuminium electrolysisinzira. Ubuziranenge bwayo buhinga imikorere no gutuza kwaUmusaruro w'ibanze wa Aluminium.
Urashobora gusobanura tekinoroji inyuma ya aluminiyum electrolysis na anode?
IntangiriroikoranabuhangakuriUmusaruro wa AluminumIkomeza kuba salle-héroult, yahimbwe yigenga mu 1886. BigezwehoaluminiumgushimishaikoreshwaImirongo minini, igenzurwa cyane na selile zateguwe murukurikirane ("Umubumbyi"). Theikoranabuhangabikubiyemo kurengana cyaneamashanyaraziikigezweho binyuze murukurikirane rwa selile. Buri selile ikorera kuri voltage nke ugereranije (hafi 4-5) ariko itwara amperike nini (100.000 kugeza 500.000 ampps). Imbaraga zitwara Uwitekainzira ya electrolyse, kugabanya imiti ikomeye ya chimique murialumina.
TheKunywa karubone anodesnigice cyihariye cyibiikoranabuhanga. Nkuko byasobanuwe, Uwitekakarubone anodentabwo ari umuyobozi gusa; ni reaction. Theelectrolysisirekuraogisijenikuva ku gishoroalumina, kandi iyiogisijeniako kanya witondere hamwe na karubone ishyushye ya anode. Ibicuruzwa byibanze byibanze nidioxyde de carbone (CO2), mubyukuri gutwikakarubone anodekure ukoreshejeelectrochemicalimbaraga aho gutandukana. Mubyukuri, kubyara kg 1 yaaluminiumbisaba kunywa ku nkombe za 0.33 za karubone. Mubikorwa, kubera ibisubizo byo kuruhande (nkumuyaga ukanda hejuru hejuru no hejuru hejuru kandi reaction hamweCO2- Igisubizo cya Boudouard C +CO2→ 2co) hamwe numubirikwambara kurwanyaibibazo, urushundura nyirizinagukoreshani murwego rwo hejuru, hafi 0.40 kuri 0.45 kg yakarubone anodekuri kg yaaluminiumbyakozwe. Ibi bikomezagukoreshabisaba bisanzwegusimburwaya anode, gukoraUmusaruro wa Anodeubushobozi igice gikomeye cyamasomealuminiumUmushoferi. Intego yo Gukora Iterambere ryikoranabuhanga ni ukugabanya iyi netgukoreshaigipimo, kunoza imikorere yubu, no gukoresha imbaraga.
Niki gituma ibintu byiza byujuje ibikoresho byo kuri aluminium?
A ubuziranenge karubone anode (ibikoresho bya anode) bisobanurwa nimiterere yihariye yumubiri na shimi bifatika kandi bihamye neza kandi bihamyealuminium. HasiamashanyaraziKurwanya ni umwanya munini; Anode igomba gukora imigezi nini hamwe na voltage ntoya yo kubungabunga ingufu. Kurenza urugeroubucucikenanone irakomeye - onser anode isanzwe isobanura uburozi bwo hasi, bugabanya imirongo yo kugarura noCO2, biganisha kumanukagukoreshaibiciro no kubaho. Byizaimbaraga za mashiniKandi kurwanya ubushyuhe bwo kwigomeka birakenewe kugirango bahangane no gukora, guhangayikishwa no kwinjizamo bishyushyemolten chelitekwiyuhagira, no gukoraubushyuheinzinguzingo nta guswera cyangwa gukata gukabije.
Byongeye kandi, ubuziranenge ni ngombwa. Abapfumu muriibikoresho bya anodecyane cyane ibintu nka sulfuru, Silicon, Icyuma, VaAdium, na Nikel bakomoka kuriCotroleum CokecyangwaAmakara Tar, irashobora gushira murimolten aluminium, bigira ingaruka ku isuku ya nyuma. Gake mu buryo buke ku kirere kandiCO2Mugihe cyo gukora kandi rwifuzwa kugabanya abatari electrochemicalgukoresha. Imyenda nifunguzo - Ibintu bihamye muri Anode Block no kuva Anode imwe kugeza kubikurikira biteganijwe ko imikorere n'ibikorwa bikwiye byateganijwe. Kugera kuri ibi bihamyeubuziranengebisaba kugenzura neza kuriIbikoresho bya RawGuhitamo, TheUburyo bwo gutegura, na buri ntambwe yaUmusaruro wa Anodeinzira. Abatanga isoko nkatwe bibanda cyane kuri ibi bipimo byiza kugirango bahure nibikenewe byaInganda za aluminium. IbyacuImikorere yo hejuru yambere yatetse ya anode karuboneirerekana iyi mihigo yubuziranenge.
Ni izihe mbogamizi zikomeye n'ibidukikije muri karuboni Anode no gukoresha?
Mugihe ari ngombwa, umusaruro no gukoreshakaruboneTanga ibibazo bikomeye, cyane cyane bijyanye ningaruka zishingiye ku bidukikije. Impungenge zibanze mugihealuminium electrolysisniimyukaya gaze ya parike (Ghg). Imyitwarire itaziguye yakarubone anodehamweogisijeniMu buryo bwihariye bitanga byinshidioxyde de carbone (CO2), majorgaze ya parike. Kuri buri kintu cyaaluminiumbyakozwe, toni hafi 1.5 yaCO2Byakozwe kuva Anodegukoresha. Byongeye kandi, munzira runaka birababaje (kwibanda kuri Alumina hasi), PerfluoRocarbone (PFCs), GHGs ikomeye cyane. Ingufugukoreshaubwayo, ahanini yaturutse mubice byamashyamba mu turere twinshi, bigira uruhare mu buryo butaziguye karuboneikirenge.
TheUmusaruro wa AnodeInzira nayo ifite ibintu bishingiye ku bidukikije. Amata ya Guteka arashobora kurekura umwanda niba adayoboka neza, harimo na sulfure oxide (kuva sulfurecoke), amavuta ya azote, ibintu bitandukanye, hamwe nibinyabuzima byamarika kuva muri pitch binder. GukemuraCotroleum CokenaAmakara Tarbisaba ubuyobozi bwitondewe kubera ibibazo byubuzima nibidukikije bifitanye isano numukungugu nibikoresho byihariye byimiti nka hydrocarbone (pahs) mumasoko. Kwemeza gushinjaIbikoresho bya Rawubuziranenge, gucungaimyanda(nko kumara gukuramo), no kugenzuraimyukaMubuzima bwose ni ibibazo bikomeje kurialuminiuminganda. Gushakisha ibikoresho nibyizakwambara kurwanyakandi kugabanya ingaruka zibidukikije zirakomeje. Ibibazo nka anode guswera cyangwa kunanirwa imburagihe kuberaruswacyangwaImiterere ya mashinikandi uhagararire kandi ibibazo byibikorwa bigira ingaruka kubikorwa nibiciro.
Nigute ikoranabuhanga rishobora kugonganya imyuka mu bikorwa bya aluminium?
ThealuminiumInganda zikurikirana zitandukanyeikoranabuhangainzira kugezamitwigatiteibidukikijeikirengecyane cyaneGhg imyuka. Imbaraga zikomeye zibanda ku kuzamura imbaraga zingufu za Hall-héroult ubwayo. Kugenzura neza, ibishushanyo bya selile byambere, kandi byateje imbere imiyoborere yubushyuhe irashoborakugabanya cyaneImbaraga zikenewe kuri toni yaaluminium, bityo rero kugabanya itaziguyeimyukaNiba isoko yimbaraga ari ibikomabyo. Kunoza Umuzamuco (Nka electrode yacu ikozwe muri coke yihariye) nanone ugira uruhare, nkuko birushijeho kuba byizagukorano hepfogukoreshaibiciro bigira uruhare muri rusange. Sisitemu yogukurikirana no kugenzura sisitemu ifasha kwirinda ingaruka za Antode, bityo bikagabanya cyane PFCimyukaIbyabaye. GufataCO2Kuva impeta zidashishoza, nubwo itanga ibibazo bikomeye bya tekiniki n'ubukungu.
Intego nyamukuru yigihe kirekire niterambere rya inert anodeikoranabuhanga. BitandukanyekarubonenibyoyakoreshejwekubyaraCO2, inert anodes yashoboraga gukora amashanyarazi kandiKoroherezairekurwa ryaogisijeniNka gaze (O2) aho kwitwara ubwabyo. Ibigo nkaValeya. Niba ushoboye kandi mubucuruzi, inert anodes irashobora guhinduka cyaneUmusaruro wa Aluminum, gukuraho itaziguyeCO2 imyukakuva muri selile ya electrolse. Ubundi bushakashatsi bukoreshwa ubundi buryoelectrolysisinzira cyangwa igitaboIbikoresho bya karuboneibyo birashobora gutanga reactivite yo hepfo cyangwa ishoboze Bitandukanyeimitiinzira. Iterambere ryikoranabuhanga rigamijeMugabanye muri rusangeIngaruka y'ibidukikije kandi urebe ko kuramba igihe kirekirealuminiumumusaruro.Imyuka ishoborabirashoboka ko yaciwe cyane hamwe nikoranabuhanga rizaza.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gutanga amasoko bugomba gushakisha mugihe dukomatanya karubone?
Kubashinzwe amasoko nka Mark Thompson, hitamokarubonebikubiyemo kubaringaniza ubuziranenge, igiciro, no kwizerwa. Urebye ko Anodes ariYakoreshejwe mugihe cya electrolyse, urunigi rwiringirwa ntirushobora kuganirwaho. Birenze ibiciro byo guhatanira, intego yibanze igomba kuba kuriUbwiza buhoraho. Ibi bivuze kugenzura inzira nziza yo kugenzura ibitanga, kuvaIbikoresho bya RawKugenzura (Cotroleum Coke, ikibuga) kugeza kuri nyuma yipimisha ANDEDE. Gusaba no kugenzura ibyemezo (urugero, ISO 9001) kandi birambuyeibikoreshoImpapuro zifatika ni ngombwa. Ntugafate ibyemezo gusa bifite agaciro; sobanukirwa uburyo bwo gupima no gutanga ibipimo.
Kwizerwa kwagura ibikoresho no gutumanaho. Gutinda kohereza Anode birashobora guhagarika imirongo yumusaruro, bigatera igihombo gikomeye cyamafaranga. Suzuma inyandiko yumutungo watangajwe kugirango itange igihe cyo kubyara hamwe nubushobozi bwabo bwibikoresho, cyane cyane kumasoko mpuzamahanga muturere nka USA cyangwa Uburayi. Itumanaho risobanutse, rinoze naryo ni ngombwa. Gukorana neza n'umuhagarariye uhanganye mu ruganda, nkanjye, Allen, kuva aUruganda rwa electrode yumwuga, irashobora kunoza ibiganiro no gukemura ibibazo byihuse kuruta kunyura mubahuza benshi. Inkunga ya tekiniki, niyo umuguzi atari injeniyeri, afite agaciro. Utanga isoko mwiza agomba gushobora kuganira kumikorere ya Anode, ibibazo bishobora kubabaza ibibazo bijyanye nibicuruzwa byabo, kandi usobanure uburyo bwaboibikoresho bya anodeUmutungo (ubucucike, gukora, imbaraga za mashini) guhuza nibyo umuguzi akeneye. Ubwanyuma, menya uburyo bwo kwishyura kandi bwizewe bwo kwishyura burahari. Kubaka umubano muremure hamwe numutungo uzwi wunvise ibyo usabwaaluminiumInganda akenshi ni ingamba nziza.
Imashini ikomeye:
- Karuboneni ngombwa bikoreshwa muri salle-héroult gahunda yaUmusaruro wa Aluminum, gukora nk'abatwara imigendera.
- Umusaruro wa Anodebikubiyemo gutunganya nezaCotroleum CokenaAmakara Tarbinder, hakurikiraho gukora no hejuru-ubushyuheguteka.
- Ireme ryaibikoresho fatizo, cyane cyaneKubara Cotroleum Coke, ngaruka kubikorwa bya Anode (kuyobora, ubucucike, imbaraga, ubuziranenge) nagukoreshaibiciro.
- Karubone anodemu giheelectrolysisNka karubone yitwaraogisijeniKuvaalumina, cyane cyaneCO2.
- Urufunguzo rwa Anode ufite ubuziranenge burimo hasiamashanyaraziKurwanya, Hejuruubucucike, byizaimbaraga za mashini, ubuziranenge, no kwitonda.
- Ibibazo bikomeye birimo kuyoboraCO2nibindiimyuka, imbaragagukoresha, kandi ushishikarizeIbikoresho bya Rawgutanga.
- IkoranabuhangaIterambere ryibanda ku kuzamura imikorere, kugabanyaimyuka, no guteza imbere ibintu bishobora guhindura imikino.
- Iyo utoroshye, wibande ku bwiza buhamye, utanga isoko, utumanaho, itumanaho), ibyemezo bifatika, inkunga ya tekiniki, hamwe nubucuruzi bukemura.
Kohereza Igihe: 04-07-2025
