Chifukwa chiyani ma elekiti a graphite amafunikira m'malo osinthira mu ntchentche ya Arc?

Zojambula za graphite ndi ngwazi zosavomerezeka mkati mwa magetsi a ma arc magetsi (mwachangu) ndi malo ako lakada (LFS). Amakhala ndi zamagetsi ambiri kuti asungunuke zitsulo kapena zopangidwa chitsulo. Komabe, zinthu zofunika kwambiri sizikhala kwamuyaya. Kumvetsetsa chifukwaMa elekite electrodes amafunikira Sinthani m'malo pafupipafupindi kiyi kuti mukhale othandizachimune kuyendetsa, powunikira malonda abwino, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zogwira ntchito bwino. Nkhaniyi imayala pazifukwa zomweekitirodi madyo, zomwe zimawalimbikitsa, ndipo nthawi ya nthawikubwezelasi ntchito yokonza, koma cholinga cha aliyense chikugwira ntchitoNgwi za Arc, makamaka kwa akatswiri ngati Mark Thompson ku USA yemwe amadalira kwambiri kuti azikhala ndi moyo wabwino kwambirigilaphiteZogulitsa za mphero zachitsulo komanso zopezeka. Dziwani momwe mumagwirizanitsagraphite electrodeMasamba amakhumudwitsa pamzere wanu.

1. Kodi ecphite elcrode electrode ndi gawo lake chotani mu ng'anjo?

A graphite electrodeChifukwa chake ndi ndodo yayikulu, ya cylindrical yomwe imapangidwa makamaka yoyera kwambiri petroleum coke, singano coke, ndi malasha a malasha a phula. Zipangizozi zimasakanikirana, zowoneka, zophika, zophatikizika, zophika, ndipo pamapeto pake zimakhazikika kutentha kwambiri (kopitilira 3000 ° C). Izi zimaperekaekitirodikatundu wake wapadera komanso wofunikiraZochita zamagetsi, matenthedwe apamwambaKukaniza, ndi kuthekera kupirirakutentha kwambiriMkatiNg'ote ya Arc. Woimbalekugwira nchitondi kuchita ngatiotsogoleraPanjira, yonyamula magetsi ophatikizikamphavuKuchokera ku Gronger mpakachimune.

Mkatichimune, nsonga yaekitirodiamapanga wamphamvumagetsi a magetsindi chimbudzi (scrapchitsulokapena zinachitsulo) kapena zosungunulachitsulokusamba. Ichimagetsi a magetsiamapanga zodabwitsakutentha- Nthawi zambiri kupitirira 3,000 ° C (5,400 ° F) - zomwe ndizofunikirasungunuramlandu wolimba kapenangunulandi kukonzakufewa chitsulo. Ganizirani ngati ndodo yazikulu, yapamwamba kwambiri yotentha yomwe idapangidwa kuti isungunukechitsulo. Popanda izielectrodes ndi graphitezigawo,Ng'ote ya Arcsakanakhozachita opaleshenikapena fikanikutenthachofunikira popanga zinthu zina zokhala ndi chitsulo. Ndizofunikira kwakuyendetsa.

Kusankha kwagilaphitemongamalayandidala mwadala.Gilaphiteimasunga mphamvu zakekutentha kwambiri, zimapangitsa magetsi bwino bwino (otsikakukana), ndipo mapepala amagwirakutenthaKusintha (kutenthadabwitsa) popanda kuswa mosavuta. Ma grade osiyanasiyana alipo, monga mphamvu yokhazikika (RP), mphamvu yayikulu (HP), ndi mphamvu yayikulu (Uhp), zogwirizana ndi zofuna zamphamvuchimuneMitundu. AUltra-yayikulu mphamvu graphite electrodeyakonzedwa kuti ikhale yovuta kwambiriNgwi za Arc, kupereka pansiKukaniza kwamagetsikomanso kuchuluka kwaposachedwa kuti apititse patsogolo kusungunukaubwino.

2.

Ngakhale anali wofooka,elekishi electrodesndi zinthu zonong'oneza. Iwoziyenera kusinthidwaNthawi ndi nthawi chifukwa pang'onopang'ono amafupika ndikuchepachimune kuyendetsa. Ichimadyondi chifukwa chosapepuka cha malo ovuta omwe amagwira ntchito. Wamphamvukutenthazamagetsi a magetsi,mankhalazimachitika ndi magesi ndi slag mkati mwachimune, ndipo nkhawa zakuthupi zonse zimathandizira kuti zitheke pang'onogilaphite malaya. Si nkhani yangatiaekitirodiadzadyedwa, komalitindimwachangu.

Kumvetsetsa izimadyondi chibadwa chofunikira pokonzekera komanso kupangira bajeti. Kuyesera kukulitsa moyo wa aekitirodikupitirira malo ake okwanirawonjezanimtengo wonse pamtengo wochepetsedwaubwino, kuwonongeka kwa zida, komanso kutsikachitsulokupanga. Akuluzawagilaphitezimachitika makamaka kudzera pamakina awiri: Commadyo(subminition ndikuchitaku Arc) ndi kumbalimadyo(oxidation). Tizifufuza izi mwatsatanetsatane.

Njira yofunika kwambiri ndi imeneyographite electrode madyondi gawo labwino kwambiri laNg'ote ya Arcnjira. Zinthu monga mtundu waekitirodiIwowo,chimunemagawo ogwiritsira ntchito (Voteji, zamakono), mtundu wachitsuloKupangidwa, ndipo luso la ogwiritsa ntchito onse amatenga nawo gawo mwachanguekitirodiamagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa chake, kukonzekeraSinthani m'malo pafupipafupindizofunikira kupitiliza komanso zothandizakuyendetsa.

3. Kodi ma elekitoni amatha bwanji? Kuphwanya ma elekitikiti.

Graphite electrode madyosi njira imodzi koma kuphatikiza kwa zinthu zomwe zikugwira ntchito limodzichimunechilengedwe. Kumvetsetsa njirazi kumathandiza kudziwa njira zomwe zingakhale bwinositsaMlingo wakuluza.

• Kugwiritsa Ntchito (Sublimiation & Ugangizi):Nsonga yaekitirodi, komwemagetsi a magetsimafomu, amakumana ndi zovuta kwambiri.

  • Submining:Ku Arc modabwitsakutentha kwambiri(Kufikira 3000 ° C), cholimbagilaphitekodisungunura; Imatembenuka mwachindunji ndi mpweya (wogoba). Kusintha kosalekeza kumayamba pang'onopang'onoekitirodichithokozoutali.
  • Mankhwala Ake:ChachikulukutenthaKomanso amalimbikitsamankhalazimachitika pakati pakaboni pepamugilaphitendi zigawo zikuluzikulu kapena zosungunulachitsulokusamba. Mafomu amtunduwu ngati carbon monoxide, kudyansoekitirodinsonga.

• Kugwiritsa ntchito panjira (makoko):Mbali zaekitirodimzere womwe ukukulira pamwamba pa kusamba kosungunuka kumawonekerachimunemlengalenga, zomwe zilim'weya(kuchokera ku Air Ingress kapena ndondomeko zimachitika).

  • Maxidation:Pakutentha kwambiri,kaboni pepamugilaphiteMayankho azomwe amachitam'weyakupangakaboni pepaDioxide (CO2) ndi monoxide (co) mipweya. Izi "zimayatsa" kutaligilaphitekuchokera kumbali, kuchepetsaekitirodiNdi mainchesi. Izi nthawi zambiriwamkuluGawo laKudya kwa electrode, nthawi zina kumawerengera zoposa 50% yonsekuluza. Kuchuluka kwa oxidation kumachitikawonjezanikwakukulu ndi apamwambakutenthandi zazikulum'weyakupezeka.

• Kuwonongeka ndi Kusungunuka:Ngakhale osapitilira malire kuposa nsongamadyo, kuwonongeka kwakuthupi kumatha kuyambitsa chidwi komanso mwadzidzidziKutayika kwa ma elekitor.

  • Kugwedezeka kwa mafuta:Kutentha mwachangu kapena kuzungulira, makamaka ngati mphamvu yasinthidwa / kuwonongeka mwadzidzidzi kapena pompopompochitsuloamabwerapezandi kutenthaekitirodi, zimatha kuyambitsa kupsinjika kwamatenthedwe, kumabweretsa ming'alu kapena zidutswa zowonongeka (kutaya). Kuchuluka kwa mafutaKukanizandi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri.
  • Makina Opsinjika:Kugwira ntchito moyipakuikakapenakubwezela, scrap phave-ins mkatichimunekumenyaekitirodi, kapena kugwedezeka kwambiritsogozakusweka. Nthawi zina, kulumikizana molakwika (kulumikiza aelectrode yatsopanoGawo) limatha kupanga mfundo zofooka.
  • Ming'alu yakumaso:Ming'alu yaying'ono, yomwe ingakhale yochokera ku zopanga kapena kusamalira, imatha kufalitsa nkhawa komansokutentha, pamapeto pake ndikukupangitsani kuwongolera kapenakugamuka.

KuzunzaKudya kwa electrodezimaphatikizapo kutchulapo zinthu zonsezi, kuchokera pakugwiritsa ntchito kwambiriElectrodesndi zabwinoKukanizakukonzachimunemachitidwe ndikuwonetsetsa kuti akugwira bwino komansokuika.

4. Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zazikulu ziti zomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa ma electrode oyenera?

Mtengo womwe agraphite electrodeimatha; Zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi zinthu zingapo zolumikizidwa. Kumvetsetsa iziThandizeniOgwiritsa ntchito ndi oyang'anira opulata monga Maliko amapangira zisankho zidziwitso.

• Zoyenera:Izi ndi zofunika.

  • Choyera Chathupi & Kapangidwe: Electrodesopangidwa kuchokera ku singano yapamwamba kwambiri yokhala ndi yunifolomu nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsikaKukaniza kwamagetsindi matenthedwe abwinoKukaniza, kutsogolera kutsikamadyo. Zodetsa zithawonjezani kukanandi chiwopsezo cha oxidation. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kukakamiza kuchokera kutchukaAkatswiri a graphite elekitirodeKutsatira miyezo yapadziko lonse ndikofunikira.
  • Kuchulukitsa:Kuchulukana kwambiri nthawi zambiri kumatanthauza kukana kwa oxidation.
  • Kugwiritsa ntchito molondola:Ulusi wowoneka bwino paekitirodindi kulumikiza nipple angathetsogozaKumasulira mafupa, magetsi apamwambakukanapapezamalo, kutentha, ndi kuwonongeka.

• LaceMomwechimuneimayendetsa mwachindunjiekitirodiMoyo.

  • Kachulukidwe kalikonse & magetsi:Katundu wamagetsi (makamaka kachulukidwe kambiri)wonjezanikubwereza kwamisonkhano komanso konsekutentha, kuthamangamadyo. Kugwiritsa ntchitowokweza Votejindi mbiri yapano ya gawo lasungunurandi kiyi.
  • Kutalika kwa Arc & Khala:Motalika, moyeneramagetsi a magetsindizothandiza kwambiri komanso zosawonongeka kuposa zosintha kapena zazifupi kwambiri, zomwe zingathewonjezani kutenthakusamukira kumbali ndiwonjezani madyo.
  • Oxygen Kugwiritsa Ntchito:Zochita ngati zokongoletsa za oxygen (jekesenim'weyakufulumira kusungunuka kapena kuyeretsa) kwakukuluwonjezanichilengedwe chopopera, timathamangitsa mbalimadyo. Kuwongolera mosamala ndikofunikira.
  • Mphamvu-pa Nthawi:Mwachidule, nthawi yayitalichimuneakugwira ntchito pansi pa mphamvu, nthawi yochulukirapoekitirodindalama ziwonongedwa. Nthawi yokongoletsa kwambiri (nthawi yayitali yozungulira ya gulu limodzichitsulo) Thandizeni sitsazonsemadyopenichitsulo.

• Misonkhano & Malo:

  • Scrap Chuma & Kulipira:Kuwala kwambiri kapena kutumizidwa kosavomerezekatsogozakukhazikika kwa Arc ndi flare-up akumenyaekitirodiMbali. Scrap yayikulu ikugwa mosayembekezereka zimatha kuyambitsa makina.
  • Chizoyesero:Kapangidwe kake ndi kugunda kwa slag yosanjikiza chophimbachitsuloangathekhudza kutenthama radiation kwaekitirodizoyipa. Slag yabwino kwambiri imatha kutchingiraekitirodindisitsaoxidation ndikutentha kuluza.
  • Funso la Fufu:Dongosolo labwino lamphamvu limathandizira kuwongolerachimunempweya koma amathanso kujambula mpweya wabwino (m'weya), zomwe zingakhale zochulukirapo ngati sizabwino.
  • Madzi am'madzi:Madzi akuyikachimune.wonjezanikuthekera kwa mlengalenga, kuvulazaekitirodi.

Mwa kuganizira mofatsa zinthu izi, osuntha amatha kugwira ntchito kuti athe kukonza njira zawositsaonda nchitiKudya kwa electrodendi mtengo wotsika mtengo. Izi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito bwinoekitirodintchito ndi ntchito yabwinochimunemachitidwe.

5. Kodi ntchito zogwirira ntchito zimagwira ntchito zimakhudza kwambiri ma elekitirodi?

Mwamtheradi. PameneekitirodiKhalidwe limakhala loyambira pakugwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe zingachitike, machitidwe a tsiku ndi tsiku mkati mwa chomera chachitsulo kapena kupezeka kumakhudza kwambirigraphite electrode madyondikuchuluka kwakewakubwezela. Zithunzi zowoneka bwino kwambiri momwechimuneamagwira ntchito ndipoElectrodesamathandizidwa amatha kuwonjezera kusiyanasiyanaekitirodiMoyo ndi Ponseponseubwino. Zochita zoyipa zimatha kunyalanyaza zabwino zogwiritsa ntchito ndalamaekitirodi, kutsogolera ku mtengo wapamwamba ndi kusokonezeka kwazinthu.

Ganizirani zamsonkhanondikuikanjira. Kulowa nawoekitirodiZigawo zimafuna kuwongolera komanso kusamalira.

• Ukhondo: Onetsetsani kuti electrodemakamwa ndi ulusi wa nipple ali bwinooyeramusanalowe nawo. Dothi kapena zinyalala zitha kupewa zoyenerapeza, zomwe zimatsogolerakukanandi kuugwiritsa ntchito kolumikizana, komwe kungapangitse kumasula,kugamuka, kapena kulephera mkatikuyendetsa.
• Torque:Kugwiritsa ntchito torque yolondola yogwiritsa ntchito chipongwe chokhazikika champhamvu. Maulamuliro amabweretsa magetsi osayenerapezandi kuumba. Kulimbitsa kwambiri kumatha kutsindikagilaphitendikupangitsa kuti zitsulo kapena zitsuloulusikukugamukakapena Mzere, zomwe zimatsogolera kulephera. Kutsatira zomwe wopanga wopanga ndi wokhazikikazofunikira.
• Kusinthika:Onetsetsanichapamwamba ndi chotsika ekitirodizigawo zimasaina bwinomsonkhanoimalepheretsa kupsinjika kosagwirizana ndi cholumikizirakuyendetsa.

Panjira yosungunuka yokha, zochita za opaleshoni ndi kiyi:

• Malangizo a Arc:Ogwiritsa ntchito aluso amagwiritsa ntchitochimunekuwongolerapitilizakholamagetsi a magetsi, kusinthaekitirodimalo,Voteji, ndipo moyenera moyenererasungunurakuzungulira. Kupewa ma arc ataliatali (omwe amawala kwambirikutenthakumbali ina kapena ma arcs afupiafupi (omwe angayambitse othamanga) amathandizira kuchepetsamadyo.
• SCRAP MPHAMVE:Kuyika mosamala kwa scrapchitsuloPofuna kupewa zoopsa paElectrodesimalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwamakina. Malamulo ogulitsa bwino amalimbikitsa kusungunuka kokhazikika.
• Chisangalalo cha Fog:Kusungabe zabwino, zowoneka bwino za thovu slag zimatetezaElectrodesKuchokera ku Arc radiation ndipom'weya, kuchepetsa nsonga ndi mbali zonsemadyo. Izi zimafuna kuwongolera mosamalitsa kwa zowonjezera za slag.
• Mapulogalamu amphamvu:Kugwiritsa ntchito maluso okwanira omwe amafanana ndi gawo la kusungunuka (E.g., lotopetsa, kusungunuka, kusungunuka, kutsuka) kumawonetsa bwinomphavugwiritsani ntchito ndikupewa kupsinjika kosafunikiraElectrodes. Kusintha kwamphamvu mwachangu kuyenera kuchepetsedwasitsamadzi othandizadabwitsa.
• Kukonza:Obwera bwerakupitilizawaekitirodiOgwira, ma curche, ndi dongosolo lokhala ndi magetsipezandi kuwongolera kolondola, kuchepetsaKugwiritsa Ntchito Magetsindi kupewa mavuto. Kutayikira kwamadzi kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa mwachangu.

Zitsanzozi zikusonyeza kuti mosamalakuyendetsandikupitilizasiwosankha zowonjezera koma machitidwe ofunikira kuti athe kuwongoleraKudya kwa electrode. Kuyika ndalama mu maphunziro a opaleshoni ndikutsatira machitidwe abwino kwambiri kungathandize kwambirisitsaakuchuluka kwa nthawiaekitirodiamatenga ndi kutsitsa mtengo wonse pachitsulozopangidwa.

6. Chifukwa chiyani kusintha m'malo pafupipafupi kuposa kungokonza? Chochititsa chidwi.

Kuganiza zagraphite electrode kubwezelakokha ngati chizolowezikupitilizantchito imaphonya chithunzi chachikulu. Pa nthawi yake komanso yoyenerakubwezelaimalumikizidwa kotsimikizika ndi onseubwino, zokolola, ndi zopindulitsa zaNg'ote ya Arc kuyendetsa. Kuchedwetsakubwezelakapena kugwiritsa ntchitoekitirodiM'mbuyomu moyo wake woyenera ukhoza kuwoneka ngati kusunga ndalama m'nthawi yochepa, koma nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa ndalama zazikulu komanso zosavomerezeka pamzere.Sinthani m'malo pafupipafupindi lingaliro la pa lime lomwe limakhudza mbali zingapo zopanga.

Choyamba,ubwinoma hings paekitirodiKutha kwa "Kutha Kuchita magetsikuluza. MongaekitirodiAmavala pansi, m'mimba mwake imachepetsa, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amatha kukhala ogonjera. Wowondaekitirodiili ndi zapamwambaKukaniza kwamagetsi, kutanthauza zambirimphavuwatayika ngatikutenthaMkati mwaekitirodim'malo mwake osati kuperekedwa moyenera kwasungunura. Ichiwonjezanimukukanaikhoza kukakamizachimuneKuti mumve mphamvu zambiri kuti mukwaniritse kuchuluka kofananira, zomwe zimatsogoleraKugwiritsa Ntchito Magetsipenichitsulo. Kusinthaekitirodizimatsimikizira kuti madera amagetsi amakhalabe okwanira.

Kachiwiri,ekitirodiMatendawa amakhudzanso kukhazikika kwa Arc ndipokutenthakusamutsa. Kuvala kapena kuwonongekaekitirodinsonga imatha kutsogolera kapena kusokonekeramagetsi a magetsi. Izi zimachepetsa mphamvu yakutenthaSinthani kuchitsulokusamba ndipo kumatha kukulakutentha kuluzaku makoma a ng'anjo ndi padenga, kufooketsa koyenera. Arc wosakhazikika amapangitsanso njira kuyendetsa zovuta. Kukhazikitsa aelectrode yatsopanoGawo limabwezeretsa geometry yabwino kwambiri yokhazikika, yolimbikitsirawamphamvukusungunuka ndi kuyenga.

Chachitatu, kuchedwakubwezelazimawonjezera chiopsezo chaekitirodikusweka. Kuvala bwino kapena kuswekaekitirodiimatha kulephera kwambiri pakugwira ntchito. AekitirodiKupuma kumatha kuyambitsa mwayi waukuluKuchotsa ma elekitirodizidutswa kuchokerachimune, kuwonongeka kwachimuneOkha,kuonongekazachitsulokusamba ndi zidutswa zazikulu zakaboni pepa, ndi zoopsa za chitetezo. Mtengo wa zotayika komanso kukonza kutali ndi mtengo wa nthawi yakekubwezela. Sinthani m'malo pafupipafupiKutengera ndi mawonekedwe owunikira ndi kukonzekera kumathandizanso kupewa zochitika zamtengo wapatalizi. Chifukwa chake, kukhazikitsa momveka bwinokubwezela chinthu chinakutengera kuvala ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ntchito ndi kiyipitilizakupanga.

7. Kodi ndi ziti zomwe zimawonetsa kuti ndi eleckirode elekiti yoyeserera iyenera kusinthidwa?

Ogwiritsa ntchito ndi ogwira ntchito kukonza ayenera kukhala maso powunikira mkhalidwe waelekishi electrodeskudziwa nthawi yoyenerakubwezela. AkamakonzedwakubwezelaKutengera pafupifupimadyoMitengo ndiyofala, kuyendera kwanu ndikuwunika magawo ogwirira ntchito amatha kuwonetsa zizindikiro kutiekitirodigawoziyenera kusinthidwaposachedwa kuti apitirizeubwinondikupewa kulephera. Kudikiriraekitirodikuthyola sikoyenera konse.

Nawa zisonyezo zazikulu:

• Zowonjezera Zowonjezera / "Kulemba":Pomwe tikufunamadyondizabwinobwino, ngatiekitirodinsonga imayamba kuvala bwino kwambiri. Vutoli litha kubweretsa magawidwe osauka komanso chiopsezo chowonjezereka. Zitha kuwunika kufunika kobwereza zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito kapenabwezeragawo.
• Kuchepetsa kwakukulu m'mimba:Kuwonda kwaekitirodimzere chifukwa cha maxidal oxidation amachepetsa mphamvu yake yapano komanso mphamvu yamakina. Miyezo nthawi zambiri imatanthauzira mainchesi otetezeka. KamodziekitirodiGawo limafikira malire awa,kubwezelandikofunikira. Kuwunikiranso mainchesinthawiamathandiza kuneneratukubwezelaMfundo.
• Ming'alu yowoneka:Ming'alu yowoneka, kaya ndi kanthawi (motsatirautali) Kapena kusinthitsa (m'mimba mwake), ndi zizindikiro zochenjeza kwambiri. Ming'alu imatha kufalitsa mwachangu pansi pa kupanikizika kwamafuta ndi makina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zolephera mwadzidzidzi. Ngakhale ming'alu yaying'ono imathandizira kuwunika mwachidule, ndi zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimafunikira mwachangukubwezela. Madzi othandizadabwitsandi wofala kwambiri.
• Kupuma kapena kuwonongeka kwa pamwamba:Makulidwe agilaphitekusowa kuchokeradothi. Ma gougege akulu kuchokera ku zipsera zimapangitsanso mfundo zopanikizika. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kumafooketsaekitirodindipo pamafunikakubwezela.
• Kuundana Pamaso:Kuchulukitsa kapena kudzudzula pakatiekitirodimagawo akuwonetsaKukaniza kwamagetsipapezaMfundo. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa choyeretsa bwino panthawikuika, kuwala kolakwika, kapena ulusi wowonongeka. Cholumikizira chochuluka sichitha komanso chowopsa; Kulumikizana kumayenera kusankhidwa, ndipo zomwe zimachitika zigawo zomwe zikukhudzidwa zingafunikekubwezela.
• Zochitika Zogwirira Ntchito:Kuwunikira zochitika monga kuwonjezeraKukaniza kwamagetsi, chizolowezi chosasunthika (chofuna kuchitapo kanthu kawiri kawiri, kapena chosadziwika bwinoKugwiritsa Ntchito Magetsiamatha kulozaekitirodiNkhani zofunika kufufuza komanso kuthekerakubwezela.
• Kutalika Kwa Kutalikirana:Ntchito zambiri,Electrodesamagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka atafika ku stableminated stabutali. Izi nthawi zambiri zimanenedwa ndi malire aekitirodiwogwira kapena kutsimikizira zokwanirautaliamapitilirabe kukonza bwino nthawikubwezela.

Kuyendera pafupipafupi, zowoneka bwino komanso zomwe zingagwiritse ntchito zida zoyezera, kuphatikiza ndi kuwunikachimunedeta yogwirira ntchito, ndizofunikira kuzindikira izi mwachangu komansoonetsetsani kuti electrode kubwezelazimachitika pamavuto.

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Akuchuluka kwakewagraphite electrode kubwezela- Makamaka, kuwonjezera aelectrode yatsopanoGawo mpaka pamwamba pa gawo ngati ma instimes - limasiyanasiyana kwambiri - limasiyanasiyana malinga ndi zomwe takambirana:chimuneMtundu ndi kukula,ekitirodikhalidwe, komanso mtundu wachitsulokupangidwa. Palibe "kukula kamodzi-kokwanira-onse" Yankho lonse "Kudya kwa electrodemuyeso.

Kudya kwa electrodenthawi zambiri imayesedwa ma kilogalamu (makilogalamu) kapena mapaundi (LBS) yagilaphiteamadya penic matani (kapena tonari lalifupi) yamadzichitsulozopangidwa (kg / t kapena lbs / t). ZoyanjanamadyoMitengo imatha kuyambira:

• Ma Chovala chamakono a AC yamagetsi (Tifs) amagwiritsa ntchito eleki ectrodes:0.8 mpaka 2.5 kg / t (1.6 mpaka 5 lbs / t)
• DC yamagetsi ya arc ya arc (nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito):0.6 mpaka 1.8 kg / t (1.2 mpaka 3.6 lbs / t)
• Ngozi Yapamwamba (LFS) (mphamvu yotsika, yoyenerera):0.2 mpaka 0.8 kg / t (0,4 mpaka 1.6 lbs / t)
• Makasitomala okalamba kapena ocheperako, kapena osokoneza mawu ovuta:Mitengo ingakhale yokwezeka kwambiri.

Ndiye, izi zimamasulira bwanji kukubwezela kuchuluka kwake? Tiyeni tikambirane chitsanzo:
UHP yayikuluekitirodiikhoza kukhala 600mm (mainchesi 24) ndi 2700mm (mainchesi 106) motalika, yolemera pafupifupi 1600 kg. Ngatichimuneamapanga matani 100 achitsulopa kutentha (batch) ndipo ili ndiKudya kwa electrodeMlingo wa makilogalamu 1.5, T, imadya makilogalamu 150 agilaphitepa kutentha (100 t1.5 kg / t).
Kuwononga kulemera konse kwa chimodziekitirodiGawo (Tiyerekezere kulemera kwa 1500 KAP), kumatenga pafupifupi kutentha 10 (1500 kg / 150 kg / kutentha). NgatichimuneAmaliza kutentha ola lililonse (nthawi yakupondaponda), aelectrode yatsopanoGawo liyenera kuwonjezeredwa mokwanira maola 10 onse ogwira ntchitopa gawo *. Popeza zingwe zili ndi zitatuekitirodimzati (magawo), akubwezela(Kuwonjezera gawo latsopano kumodzi mwamitundu) ikhoza kuchitika pafupifupi maola 3-4 aliwonse ogwirira ntchito ng'anjo.

Ili ndi kuwerengera kosavuta, komanso zenizenikubwezelanthawi zimatengera nthawi yomwe inayakeekitirodiColun Rearsis mfundo zofunika kuwonjezera gawo latsopano (nthawi zambiri limatsimikiziridwa ndi otsalirautaliPamwamba pa wogwira). Madongosolo okonza, okonza nthawi, ndipo zochitika zosadziwika zimathandiziranso nthawi yake. Mfundo yofunika ndi iyikubwezelandi njira yopitilira mu ntchito ya mtaf. Ogwiritsira ntchitomosalekezayang'aniraekitirodi utalindipo onjezani zigawo zatsopano monga kufunikira, nthawi zambiri kangapo patsiku, kutipitilizaakuyendetsazang'anjo yamagetsi. Chifukwa chake, kukhala ndi mwayi wodalirika kwambiriElectrodesMonga odalirikafakitale yamagetsi yamagetsindikofunikira kupewa kusokonezeka.

9. Ndi chiyani chomwe chikuphatikizidwa ndi makina otetezeka a graphite m'malo mwake?

Kusintha agraphite electrodeGawo - Njira Yowonjezera Aelectrode yatsopanoPamwamba pa mzere womwe ulipo - ndi njira yovuta yomwe imafuna kuwongolera, chisamaliro, komanso kutsatira njira zotetezera chitetezo. Popeza kukula ndi kulemera kwaElectrodesndi chilengedwe chowopsa chachimune, chitetezo ndichofunika kwambiri. Kusamalira bwino kapenakuikaimatha kubweretsa zida zowonongeka, zomwe zimagwira ntchito (monga zapamwambakukanamafupa), kapena ngozi zazikulu. Mark Thompson, kuthana ndi zinthu ndi mtundu wazogulitsa, angazindikire kufunikira kwa njira zoyenera zomwe zimachitika monga momwe zimafunidwira pofikakuika.

Njira yofananira imaphatikizapo njira zingapo:

1. Kukonzekera:

   • Aelectrode yatsopanoGawo, malizitsani ndi chisanakhale cholumikizira (kapena chizifikidwe chokonzekera), chimabweretsachimunemalo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zida zoyenera kukweza (e.g.ekitirodiSocket).
   • Malo apamwamba kwambiriekitirodimzere muchimune(munthu amene akufunikakubwezela) Wakonzekera. Mphamvu imazimitsidwa, ndipoekitirodimzere nthawi zambiri umaleredwa. Chingwe chilichonse chotsalira cha chipindacho kuchokera pagawo lomwe kale limatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito chingafunike kuchotsedwa.
   • Makamaka, ulusi wa socket pa mzere womwe ulipo ndi ulusi wa nipple (ndi ulusi ulusi wa nipple (ndi ulusi wankhumba ngati nipploda yolekanitsidwa) pa elekitirodi yatsopano iyenera kutsukidwa bwino.Mpweya wopanikizika umagwiritsidwa ntchito pophulika fumbi lililonse,gilaphitetinthu tating'onoting'ono, kapena zinyalala. Ngakhale tinthu tating'onoting'ono titha kusokoneza kukhwima koyenera komansowonjezanizamagetsikukana.

2. Kujowina ("kuwonjezera" electrode):

   • Aelectrode yatsopanoGawo limakwezedwa mosamala ndikuyika mwachindunji pamwamba pa mzere womwe ulipo.
   • Imatsitsidwa pang'onopang'ono, ndikuonetsetsa kuti zilembedwe bwino, motero ulusi wa nipple umachita bwino ndi ulusi wa socket wa mzere womwe uli pansipa. Kupindika kwa mtanda kuyenera kupewedwa kumaliphu mtengo chifukwa kumawonongagilaphitendipo zimalepheretsa kulumikizana.
   • Aelectrode yatsopanoKenako imazungulira (nthawi zambiri mwalamulo) kuti muchepetse kulumikizana.

3. Torquing:

   • Kamodzi ndi manja (kapena makina-snug), dongosolo lapadera, lokhazikika, lokhazikika limagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kotsimikizika kotsimikizika kotsimikizika ndiekitirodiwopanga. Izi mwina ndi sitepe yovuta kwambiri.
   • Molondola torque amatsimikizira oyenerapezakupsinjika pakati paekitirodiNkhope ndi nipple, kuchepetsaKukaniza kwamagetsindikukulitsa mphamvu yamakina a cholumikizira. Torque yaying'ono imabweretsa kutentha ndi kumasula; Torque kwambiri akhozakugamukaaekitirodiSocket kapena mphuno.

4. Macheke Omaliza:

   • Kuyendera kwamawonekedwe kumatsimikizira kuti cholumikizira chimakhala pansi moyenera komanso cholumikizidwa.
   • Zida zokweza zimachotsedwa.
   • Aekitirodichikhodzotso chikhoza kutsitsidwa kukhala malo, ndipochimune kuyendetsaikhoza kuyambiranso ikakhala yotetezeka.

Nthawi yonseyi, ogwira ntchito ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyenera (PPE), tsatirani njira zotetezera zogwira ntchito pafupi ndichimunendikugwira katundu wolemera, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kulumikizana momveka bwino pakati pa woyendetsa Crane ndichimunegulu lankhondo. Maphunziro oyeneraKuchotsa ma elekitirodiZowonjezera ndizofunikira. Njira yodziwika bwinoyi imatsimikizira aekitirodintchito molondola,Zochita zamagetsiamasungidwa, ndipo chiopsezo cha kulephera kwa mgwirizano pofunangunulaKuzungulira kumachepetsa.

10. Kupitilira m'malo mwake: Kodi mungatani kuti mutseke moyo wa electrode ndi kuchepetsa kumwa?

PameneSinthani m'malo pafupipafupiwaelekishi electrodesndi osapendekera, ogwiritsa ntchito ndi oyang'anira amatha kukhazikitsa njira zosiyanasiyana kuti mukonze moyo wawo ndipositsachonsechoKudya kwa electrodemtengo (kg / t). Chepetsamadyoamatanthauzira mwachindunji ndalama zochepa zogwirira ntchito, zinasinthaubwino, ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya chilengedwe. Izi zimafuna njira yopumira, ndikuyang'ana chilichonse kuchokera pakupanga minyewa.

• Gwero Lapamwamba Kwambiri:Yambani kumanjamalaya. Kugwirizana ndi wopanga wodalirika (ngati fakitale ya Allen ku China) yomwe imapangaElectrodes(mwachitsanzo,Enter-High ecphite electrode) Kukumana ndi mayendedwe abwino (otsikakukana, kachulukidwe kwambiri, mankhwala abwinoKukaniza, makina olondola) amaika maziko abwino. Onetsetsani kuti othandizira amapereka direrication (malingaliro a ISO, mapangidwe a zinthu), kutchula Marko DomeppsonChinyengo.

• Konzani maoparetu:

  • Mapulogalamu amphamvu:Kukula ndikugwiritsa ntchito maperekedwe okwanira ogwirizana ndi kusakaniza kwina ndi kusungunuka. Pewani zochuluka zaposachedwa.
  • Malangizo a Arc:Ogwiritsa ntchito oyang'anira kupitilizama arcs okhazikika ndikugwiritsa ntchito makina owongolera bwino.
  • Chisangalalo cha Fog:Lembani luso lopanga ndikusungabe chithovu chabwino chopukutira chotchingaElectrodesKuchokera ku Arc radiation ndipom'weya. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zothandiza kwambirisitsakumbali yokota.
  • Kuwongolera kwa oxygen:Sinthani kumiza ndege kulowachimunekudzera kusindikizidwa koyenera. Gwiritsani ntchito njiram'weya(kuluka) mwachikhalidwe komanso moyenera.
  • Chepetsa nthawi yopanga mphamvu:Magwiridwe antchitositsaMaphunziro a TAP-TAP, kutanthauzanthawiaElectrodesali pansi pa mphamvu (ndikudya) penipeni pachitsulo.

• Sinthani Kupuma ndi Kukhazikitsa:

  • Kupititsa patsogolo:Gwiritsani ntchito zida zoyenera ndikupewa zoyendetsera, zosungira, ndikuikakuteteza ming'alu ndi kuwonongeka. SitoloElectrodesmuoyera, malo owuma.
  • Cholumikizira chongolankhula:Tsimikizani kufunika koyeretsedwa kwa ulusi ndi zitsulo ndikugwiritsa ntchito chinsinsiekitirodiZowonjezera. Izi zimachepetsa cholumikizirakukanandipo amalepheretsa zolephera.

• Ganizirani Zovala Zoteteza:Ntchito zina zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera kapena za antioxidant theekitirodizoyipa. Zovala izi zimakhala chotchinga, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa oxidation, makamaka m'magawo omwe amapezeka kumadera otentha kwambiri achimunemlengalenga pamwamba pa mzere wa slag. Kugwira ntchito ndi phindu ndi ndalama zofunika kuwunika kwanthawi iliyonsekuyendetsa.

• Kukonza pafupipafupi:Onetsetsani kutikupitilizawaekitirodiOgwira, ma classi, mikono, ndi machitidwe ozizira. ZamagetsipezaPa wogwira ntchito ndikofunikira kuti apewemphavu kuluzandi kuumba. Nthawi zonsekonzamadzi aliwonsechimunemapanelo ozizira.

Mwa kukhazikitsa njira izi, osuntha amatha kuwongolera ndipositsazawographite electrode madyo, kusunthira kumodzi kuchokera ku mtengo wovomerezeka wovomerezeka ku zosinthika zosinthika. Njira yogwira ntchito iyi siyongopulumutsa ndalamaElectrodesKomanso zimathandizanso kukhala okhazikika,wamphamvu, ndi zipatsochimunentchito.

Makina Othandizira: Kusintha kwa elephite m'malo

• Ntchito Yofunika: Elekishi electrodesndizofunikira kuti azitsogolerazamagetsimafunde kutisungunura chitsulomuNKHANI ZA ARCChifukwa cha malo awo apadera.
• Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zosasinthika: Electrodesndizosavuta zomwe zimavala chifukwakutentha kwambiri(ip ins),mankhala kuchita(oxidation pamtunda wammbali), ndi kuwonongeka kwa thupi (kuphwanya, kuyika).
• Mwachangu:Panthawi yakekubwezelandikofunikira kuti musungechimune ubwino, kuwunikira ntchito yokhazikika, yochepetseraKugwiritsa Ntchito Magetsi, ndikuletsa nthawi yotsika mtengo kuchokeraekitirodikulephera.
• Zosangalatsa: Kudya kwa electrodemitengo imakhudzidwa ndiekitirodikulibwino,chimunemagawo ogwiritsira ntchito (Voteji, kugwiritsa ntchito kwa oxygen, ma slag, ndi mtundu wa scrap.
• Ntchito Yoyang'anira:Kusamalira Mosamala, Zoyenerakuika(kuyeretsa ndi zolumikizira ndi zokongoletsera), kuyendetsa bwino kwa arc, ndi zabwinokupitilizamphamvuekitirodiMoyo.
• Zizindikiro zosinthira:Yang'anani kuti mupeze mwayi wambiri, kutsitsidwa kwa mainchesi, ming'alu yowoneka, kuweta, kulunjika kwamphamvu, kapena kufika ku stab yocheperakoutali.
• Njira Zokwaniritsira: Sitsa madyopogwiritsa ntchito kwambiriElectrodes, kutsanzira mapulogalamu amphamvu ndi ma slag minyewa, kuyeza Msuzi, kuwonetsetsa kuti kulumikizana moyenera, komanso komwe kungagwiritse ntchito zokuthandizani.Sinthani m'malo pafupipafupi yenera kukhalagawo la njira yokonzekera.