Tsegulani mphamvu ya kaboni: pansi pa graphite ndi ntchito zake

Nkhaniyi ikuwunikira dziko losangalatsalikaboni pepa, makamaka kuyang'anagilaphite, zofunikira ndi zofunikira m'zitetezo zingapo. Tikhala tikupanga zinthu zake, njira zopangira, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti izi zikawerengedwa kuti aliyense akhale wofunikakaboni pepaM'masiku athu ano. Kuchokera ku miyala yachitsulo kwa mabatire,gilaphiteamagwira ntchito yofunika, yomwe nthawi zambiri imawoneka. Kafukufukuyu adzawunikira gawoli ndikufotokozera chifukwa chakekaboni pepaMu mawonekedwe a graphite ndikofunikira kwambiri.

Kodi graphite ndi chiyani? Kuvula kapangidwe kake ndi mitundu ya kaboni

Graphite ndikuchitika mwachilengedwe, ma brastolinemawonekedwe a kaboni. Ndi imodzi mwazambiriMitundu yokhazikika ya kabonipansi pa mikhalidwe. Ganizakaboni pepaMa atomu adakonzedwa mu chitoliro cha hexilonal - ndiye nyumba yoyambira yokongola ya graphite. Izikaboni pepaAtomu amapanga zomangira zamphamvu mkati mwa ma sheet athyathyathya, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi graphene zigawo. Komabe, zomangirazopakatiZigawozi ndizofooka (van der als als), kuwalola kuti adutse wina ndi mnzake mosavuta. Kapangidwe kazinthu kameneka ndi komwe kumapereka chithunzi chomwe chimakhala chofewa komanso zopaka mafuta.

AmtovuChithunzi chimadziwika chifukwa chokhoza kuchita nawo kutentha komanso magetsi. Komanso ndizosagwirizana ndi kutentha kwambiri, kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera yofunafuna mafakitale. Ganizirani izi ngati gulu lakale kwambirikaboni pepaMa sheet, pomwe pepala lililonse limakhala lamphamvu, koma khola lokha ndi lofewa komanso loterera. Chilengedwe chomwe chikuwoneka ngati chotsutsana ndi chinsinsi cha zojambula zojambulajambula.

Kodi graphite imapangidwa bwanji? Kuyang'ana njira yopanga

Zopanga graphite, omwe amadziwikanso kutiGraphite yopanga, imapangidwa kudzera mu njira yayitali yothandizira kutentha. Zopangira, zambiri petroleumwodziwa coke(Kutulutsa kwa mafuta oyenga)kaboni pepa. Njirayi imaphatikizapo njira zingapo zazikuluzikulu:

1. Kusakaniza:Akaboni pepa-Adazi zopangira zimasakanikirana ndi chomangira, monga phula la bolu lamala. Izi zimapangitsa kusakaniza kwa homogenous.
2. Kutalika kapena Kuumba:Kusakaniza kumapangidwa, mwina pakuchotsa kudzera mu diati kapena ndikuwumba pansi. Izi zimapanga "zobiriwira"gilaphiteZogulitsa.
3. Kuphika:Zobiriwira zobiriwira zimaphikidwa m'malo opanda mpweya omasulidwa ozungulira 1000 ° C. Kuchita izi kumachotsa zinthu zosasunthika ndipo zimalimbitsa zinthuzo.
4. Chithunzi:Gawo Lofunikira! Zogulitsa zophika zimatenthedwa kwambirikutentha kwambiriwa 2700 ° C, nthawi zambiri mpaka kufika 3000 ° C. Kutentha kwambiri kumayambitsakaboni pepama atomu kuti mudzikonzerenso m'magulu omwe adalamulidwa, Crystallinegilaphite.
5. Kulembetsa (Mwakusankha): Ndikotheka kuwonjezera utoto wokakamizidwa kuti mudzaze mipata iliyonse yotsalira.

Njira yotentha kwambiri iyi imasintha amorphouskaboni pepaMu zopangira kukhala zolamula kwambiri,Crystallinekapangidwe kaZopanga graphite. Zotsatira zake ndi zinthu zoyera kwambiri komanso zosasinthika poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina yagraphite yachilengedwe.

Zachilengedwe vs. Zojambula zopanga: Kodi pali kusiyana kotani?

Pomwe onse awirigraphite yachilengedwendiZopanga graphitemwachitsanzokaboni pepa, amasiya kwenikweni poyambira, kapangidwe kake, ndi katundu.Graphite yachilengedwezimachitika mwachilengedwe m'miyala ya metamorphic. Imapangidwa ndi mamiliyoni ambiri kwa zaka pansi pa kutentha kwambiri komanso kukakamizidwa kwambiri mkati mwa dziko lapansi. Pali zingapoZosiyanasiyana za Grystalline Graphite, kuphatikizaCrystalline flake graphite, amokaturous graphite, ndi vein graphite.

Zopanga graphiteKomabe, kumbali inayo, ndi chinthu chopangidwa. Idapangidwa kudzera mu kutentha kwambiri kwakaboni pepa-Zichikulu, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa. Njira yolamulidwayi imalola kuwongolera kwakukulu pazinthu zomaliza za malonda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyera kwambiri komanso ntchito. Nayi tebulo mwachidule Kusiyana kwakukulu:

Kodi katundu wamkulu wa graphite ndi ati? Kumvetsetsa mawonekedwe ake apadera

Graphite imakhala ndi kuphatikiza kwapadera kwa zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunikira pamapulogalamu osiyanasiyana. Izi katundu zimachokera ku mawonekedwe ake opatulikira. Nazi zina mwazofunikira kwambiri:

• Kuchuluka kwamafuta:Graphite ndi woponderezedwa bwino. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zimatha kusamutsa moyenera kuchokera ku gwero, ndikupangitsa kukhala koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ngati kutentha ngati kutentha kumagwera ndi zolimba.
• Zochita zamagetsi:Graphite ndinso munthu wamagetsi. Katunduyu ndiofunikira kugwiritsa ntchitoelekishi electrodespa ntchito zopanga zokhala ndi ma electrochemical.
• Mafuta:Kapangidwe ka graphite imalola zigawozo kuti zithetsena wina ndi mnzake, ndikupatsa mafuta abwinobwino. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zizithandiza pa mafuta owuma ndi mapensulo.
• Mankhwala Osakhazikika:Graphite imagwirizana ndi mankhwala ambiri, kutanthauza kuti sizimagwirizana ndi zinthu zina. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito malo okhalamo.
• Kulimbanso Kwambiri:Graphite imatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri popanda kusungunuka kapena kuwola. Zimadutsa (kusintha mwachindunji kuchokera kolimba ndi mpweya) kuzungulira 3650 ° C. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala zinthu zofunika kwambiri.
• Makina: Graphite imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko oyesa kuwuma kwa zinthu zilizonse.

Izikatundu wa graphitePhatikizani kuti apange zinthu zomwe zili zolimba, zopepuka, zoletsa kutentha, zamagetsi, komanso khola. Kuphatikiza kwapadera ndi chifukwa chake Graphite amagwiritsa ntchito mafakitale ambiri osiyanasiyana.

Kodi graphite imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji m'makampani achitsulo? Kuyang'ana ma elekitirosi a graphite

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri za graphite chili m'makampani achitsulo, makamaka popanga zitsulo pogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo za Arc (mtafs). Mwa ana -elekishi electrodesamagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa mafunde akulu ofunikira kuti asungunuke.

Izielekishi electrodesamapangidwaZopanga graphiteChifukwa cha kuyera kwake kwakukulu komanso kosasinthika. Electrodes iyenera kupirira kutentha kwambiri, mafunde amagetsi kwambiri, komanso chilengedwe cha mankhwala mkati mwa ng'anjo. AZochita zamagetsindimadzi othandizaKatundu ndiwofunikira, ndipo kukana kwa oxidation ndikofunika.

Ma elekitirodi amadyedwa pang'onopang'ono panthawi yopanga zinthu mosapangacho, motero ayenera kulowa m'malo mwake. Mtundu wagraphite electrodezimakhudza mwachindunji mphamvu ndi mphamvu yotsika mtengo. Zinthu zokhala ngati magetsi otsika, okweramadzi othandizaMakhalidwe, ndi kukana kwa oxidation ndikofunikira kuti muchite bwino.

Kupitirira zitsulo: kupeza njira zina zothandizira graphite

Pomwe makampani achitsulo ndi ogula ogula graphite, ntchito zake zikuwonjezera kuposa pamenepo. Nayi madera ena ofunikira pomwe grafite amatenga mbali yofunika:

• Mabatire:Graphite ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri la mabatire a lithiamu-ion, omwe amalimbikitsa chilichonse kuchokera ku mafoni a mafoni ndi magalimoto amagetsi. Imapanga mawonekedwe (ma elekitirodi) a batri.
• Mafuta:Zida zopaka zopaka zodzola zokongoletsera zimapangitsa kuti zizigwiritsa ntchito mu mafuta owuma, mafuta, ndi mafuta. Ndizothandiza kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri komwe mafuta achikhalidwe amatha kuthyola.
• Kukonzanso:Kuzunza kwapamwamba kwa graphite kumapangitsa kuti ikhale nkhani yofunika yotsimikizika, yogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zingwe, mafakisi, ndi zida zina za kutentha kwambiri. Ntchito ngati cholemberamtovu.
• Zojambula za Nuclear: Zopanga graphiteimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati oyang'anira mitundu ina ya nyukiliya. Imachepetsa ma neutrons, kuthandiza kuwongolera zomwe zimachitika.
• Mapensulo:"Zotsogolera" mu zolembera ndi zosakaniza za graphite ndi dongo. Kufewa kwa graphite kumapangitsa kuti asiye chizindikiro papepala.
• Wopeza: Graphite imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nkhungu, kupereka malo osalala kumalita.
• Edm (Kutulutsa kwamagetsi): Elekishi electrodesamagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Edem kuti mupange zitsulo zolimba.

Mndandandawu ukuwunikira zojambula zodziwika bwino. Kuyambira pensulo ya tsiku ndi tsiku ku tekinoloji yodulira yamagalimoto, graphite imatenga gawo lofunikira, lomwe nthawi zambiri limabisidwa.

Graphite vs. diamondi: chinthu chimodzi chofanana

Graphite ndi diamondi ndi malo onse akaboni pepa, kutanthauza kuti ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chinthu chimodzi. Komabe, katundu wawo ndi wosiyana kwambiri. Kusiyana kumeneku kumachitika kuchokera ku nyumba zopaderakera.

• Gilaphite:Monga tafotokozera, Graphite ili ndi mawonekedwe okhala ndi maupangiri ofooka pakati pa zigawo. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala zofewa, poterera, komanso wochititsa magetsi.
• Diamondi:Diamondi ili ndi mawonekedwe a teemiyeds atatu, komwe aliyensekaboni pepaAtomu imalumikizidwa mwamphamvu kuti anayikaboni pepama atomu. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta komanso wosauka magetsi (ngakhale ndi ochititsa chidwi kwambiri).

Kusiyanitsa pakati pa graphite ndi diamondi ndi chitsanzo chochititsa chidwi cha momwe madotolo angapangire kwambiri katundu wa chinthu. Pomwe onse amapangidwa kwathunthukaboni pepa, magulu osiyanawa amatsogolera ku ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Funso lagraphite ndi diamondiimayikanso bwino lingaliro la malo. Imodzi ndi yofewa, yakudamafuta a zitsulo, wina ndi mwala wolimba.

Kodi graphite ndi chiyani? Kumvetsetsa mawonekedwe ochepera a Crastalline

Amorphous graphitendi mtundu wagraphite yachilengedweIzi zilibe dongosolo lalitali lomwe limapezeka mu flake kapena vein graphite. Ndi mawonekedwe a microccalline akaboni pepa, komwekaboni pepama atomu amakonzedwa m'masamba ang'onoang'ono, osokonekera.

Amorphous graphitenthawi zambiri mawonekedwe okwera mtengo agraphite yachilengedwe. Amapezeka kawirikawiri mu seams a malasha ndipo ndi yochokera kwa migodi ya malasha. Nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito komwe chiyero chokwanira komanso makristallity sizovuta, monga:

• Maonekedwe:Ankakonda kupanga osalala pa nkhungu chifukwa cha zitsulo.
• Mafuta:Chogwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa mafuta otsika.
• Zingwe za Brake:Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomangira m'maganizo m'mabowo.

Pameneamorphous graphitePalibe chojambula chapadera cha Graphte, ndi zinthu zamtengo wapatali chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake komanso mtengo wotsika.

Tsogolo la Graphite: Zatsopano ndi Ntchito Zakutuluka

Kufunikira kwa Graphite akuyembekezeka kupitiriza kukula mu zaka zomwe zikubwerazi, zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi zomwe zikuyenda:

• Magalimoto Magalimoto:Kukula mwachangu kwa msika wamagalimoto wamagalimoto kumayendetsa kufunikira kwa mabatire a lithiamu, omwe amadalira kwambiri graphite.
• Kusunga kwa Mphamvu:Graphite imagwiritsidwanso ntchito posungirako za ukadaulo wina, monga mabatire oyenda ndi maulendo apamwamba.
• Graphene:Graphene, wosanjikiza umodzi wakaboni pepaMa atomu adakonzekera pachipinda cha hexinal, chimachokera ku graphite. Ili ndi katundu wodabwitsa ndipo akufufuzidwa mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza magetsi, ogwirizanitsa, ndi mphamvu yosungira mphamvu.
• Kaboni nanotubes: Malo ena osangalatsa achitukuko.

Ntchito zomwe zimachitika, zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi zomwe zidapitiliza kukhazikitsidwa ndi mafakitale achikhalidwe, sonyezani tsogolo labwino la graphite.

Kusankha wogulitsa graphite: kuganizira kwambiri zogulira

Kusankha wogulitsa wakunja koyenera ndikofunikira kuti uwonetsetse bwino, zodalirika, komanso mitengo yopikisana. Nazi zina mwazinthu zofunika kuziganizira, makamaka zogwirizana ndi munthu ngati Marko Thompson, mbiri yathu yamakasitomala:

• Kuwongolera kwapadera:Onetsetsani kuti wothandizirayo ali ndi njira zowongolera zowongolera m'malo mwake. Pemphani ma certiction (E.g., ISO, ISO STURS) ndi malipoti a mayeso kuti mutsimikizire kukongola kwa graphite. Kuyendera mokwanira ndikofunika. Izi zikulankhula mwachindunji pamadera a Marko za mtundu wabwino.
• Zogulitsa:Sankhani othandizira omwe amapereka zinthu zosiyanasiyana zokutira kuti mukwaniritse zosowa zanu zapadera. Izi zitha kuphatikizapo magiredi osiyanasiyanaelekishi electrodes(UHP, HP), zithunzi za graphite, graphite, kapena zina zapadera. Wogulitsa amatha kupereka zinthu ngatiEnter-High ecphite electrodendi chizindikiro chabwino.
• Kupanga Mphamvu:Unikani zomwe Wogulitsayo akuyenera kutsimikizira kuti atha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zanu ndi ndalama zoperekera. Fakitale yokhala ndi mizere yopanga zingapo, monga ine (Allen) kusamalira, ndi chizindikiro chabwino cha kuthekera kodalirika.
• Ukadaulo Waukadaulo:Yang'anani wolandila ndi ukadaulo wamphamvu yemwe angakuthandizeni ndi kuwongolera posankha zopangidwa kumanja pazomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito. Maliko, kusowa ukadaulo waukadaulo, kumayamikira kwambiri izi.
• Mapulogalamu ndi Kutumiza:Ganizirani mfundo za Wothandizirayo komanso zosankha zotumizira. Onetsetsani kuti atha kubweretsa zogulitsa zomwe zili bwino komanso zotsika mtengo. Izi zimathandizira kuti Mali awonedwe a Maliko a Maliko.
• Kulankhulana:Sankhani ogawana ndi njira zolumikizirana zomveka komanso zolankhulirana. Kuyankhulana moyenera ndikofunikira kuti muthe kuthana ndi mavuto kapena nkhawa zomwe zimakonda. Izi zoyeserera mwachindunji Marko zimakhumudwa ndi njira yosatha.
• Mitengo:Ngakhale kuti zabwino ndi zofunika, mitengo ndiyofunikira kwambiri. Fananizani mitengo kuchokera kwa ogulitsa osiyanasiyana, koma khalani osamala mitengo yomwe imatsika kwambiri kuposa msika, chifukwa izi zitha kuwonetsa mtundu wotsika. Maliko ndi abwino komanso amayang'ana mitengo yampikisano.
• Kuzindikira: Wopatsa katundu wotumizidwa kudera lanu, monga zokumana nazo ndi USA, North America, Europe, ndi Australia, zikuwonetsa kumvetsetsa kwa miyezo ya mayiko ndi zina.
• Fakitale kutsogolera: Kuchita mwachindunji ndi fakitale, osati kwa wogawa, nthawi zambiri kumatha kumabweretsa mitengo yamtengo wapatali komanso kulankhulana mwachindunji.

Poganizira zinthu izi, mabizinesi amatha kusankha wodalirika wochitira zojambulajambula zomwe zikukwaniritsa zosowa zawo ndikuwathandiza kukwaniritsa zofuna zawo. Ganizirani za operekera mbiriUltra-yayikulu mphamvu graphite electrodekupanga.

Chidule: Chinsinsi Choyambirira pa graphite

• Graphite ndiyabwinomawonekedwe a kabonindi mawonekedwe apadera.
• Malo ake akuphatikizidwamadzi othandizaMaukadaulo amagetsi, mafuta, kusiyanasiyana kwamankhwala, komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri.
• Zopanga graphiteimapangidwa kudzera mu kutentha kwambiri, kupereka chiyero chapamwamba komanso kusasinthika kuposagraphite yachilengedwe.
• Elekishi electrodesndizofunikira pakupanga zitsulo m'magulu a arc.
• Grophite ili ndi mapulogalamu ena ambiri, kuphatikiza mabatire, mafuta, zopangidwa, ndi zojambula za nyukiliya.
• Kusankha wothandizira wodalirika wochitira zojambula kumafunikira kuganizira bwino za mtundu, kuthekera, ukadaulo waukadaulo, malingaliro, ndi kulumikizana.
• Kusiyana mukaboni pepaDongosolo la atomu ndi zomwe zimapereka chithunzi mawonekedwe ake.
• Zogulitsa za Graphitekhalani ndi zogwiritsidwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mapulogalamu apamwamba kwambiri.
• Kupeza Wotsatsa Wabwino ku China, monga ine, amatha kutchula mwachindunji zogulira nkhawa, monga tawunikidwira mbiri ya Marko Thompson, ndikuthandizira kuperekaNdodo yojambula ya electrodes.