Master The Luso: Malangizo-Okhazikika Pokonza Zoyeretsa Magetsi Oyera

Ma elekitirodi a graphite ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri m'makampani osiyanasiyana, makamaka m'magulu a ma ntchentche a arc (mtafi) pazitsulo komanso m'njira zosiyanasiyana ectochem. Mkhalidwe waekitirodiPamaso mwachindunji amasokoneza magwiridwe antchito, mphamvu, komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali. Odetsedwa kapena osankhidwaekitirodiimatha kubweretsa kuchulukamadyo, magwiridwe antchito, komanso zoopsakuphwanya. Bukuli limaperekakulangizamomwe mungakhalire bwinooyerandikusunga anugraphite electrodemalo, chojambula kuchokera kuzindikiritsa fakitale yothandiza. Kaya ndinu wogwira ntchito ngati Marko Thompson, omwe ali ndi nkhawa ndi kuchuluka kwa mtengo, kapena awodziwa sayansiKukonzekera mwachidulema electrochemucalKuyeza, kumvetsetsa njira izi ndikofunikira kwambiri pazotsatira zabwino. Tiyenifunabwanji aoyera ekitirodiZinthu ndi momwe tingazikwaniritsire.

1. Chifukwa chiyani malo osayera a graphite ndiofunikira kwambiri?

Magwiridwe antchito agraphite electrodeimalumikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe ake. Mapulogalamu otentha kwambiri ngati magetsi a arc yamagetsi, aoyeraPamwamba zimatsimikizira mawonekedwe oyenera oyenera. Zoyipitsa zimachita ngati oyambitsa mawu, kuchuluka kwamagetsi. Izi zimapangitsa dongosolo kuti apange mphamvu zambiri kuti mukwaniritse kutentha komweko, kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu zapamwambamadyondikuchepetsa mphamvu - kudera nkhawa kwambiri kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ndalama. Kuphatikiza apo, kugawa komweko komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mantha kumatha kupanga mawanga otentha, kuwonjezereka pamagetsi komanso chiopsezo chakuphwanyakapena kuvala bwino.

Kupitirira zingwe, mkatima electrochemucalMapulogalamuwo, aPamwamba pa electrodendi pomwe zomwe zikuchitika - ndizovutakaonekedwepakati paekitirodiZinthu ndielemalyte. Zoyipitsa zimatha kuletsa masamba ogwira, kusintha kwa momwe zimakhalira, kapena kuyambitsa mavuto osafunikira. Izi zimakhudza mwachindunji kulondola ndi kubereka kwa miyezo. Mwachitsanzo, ku Vollummetry, uveKugwira ntchito electrodePamatha kuyambitsa mavutonsongamawonekedwe, osungunukansongazomwe zingatheke, ndikuchepetsachizindikirokulimba, kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kudziwa molondolakolimbikirakapena kuphunzira njira. Aoyera ekitirodiPamwamba ndi chofunikira popeza odalirikama electrochemucaldeta. Kukhalabe ndi pristineekitirodinkhope zimatsimikizira kuti kuyeretsedwama electrochemucalKuyankha mozama kumawonetsa momwe mukufufuzira.

Kukhulupirika kwa mfundo zolumikizira, makamakaulusimagawo omweMa electrodes awiriLowani kudzera pa vina, ndiyofunikanso. Zoipa ngati fumbi kapena mafuta muulusiimatha kusokoneza mayendedwe akukono ndikuwongolera kuti muuzeko. Ichi ndi lingaliro lofala, nthawi zambiri limakhalakumasula, kukweza magetsi, kapenansokuphwanya. Onetsetsani thupi lalikuludothindi kulumikizidwaulusiMadera ndiwabwinooyerandikofunikira chifukwa cha umphumphu wa umphumphuekitirodimzere, makamaka mukamachita ndi ma elekitala akuluakulutochiPa msonkhano.

2.

GilaphiteekitirodiPamatha kudetsedwa kudzera mu magawo osiyanasiyana - nthawi yosungirako, kugwirana, ndi kugwira ntchito. Kuzindikira zonunkhira wamba kumathandizira kusankha njira zoyenera zoyeretsa. Gwero limodzi lalikulu ndimafuta ndi madziZotsalira, nthawi zambiri zimasamutsidwa kuchokera ku zida kapena manja ogwira ntchito. Fumbi ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tosungira kuchokera ku chilengedwe kapena chomera chimatha kukhala mosavutadothi, makamaka mkati mwa mitundu ina ya graphite. Izi zitha kuwoneka zazing'ono, koma ngakhale woonda wosanjikiza amatha kukhudzidwa kwambiri.

Pa nthawi ya opareshoni, makamaka mu anams,elekishi electrodesamadziwika kuti ali ndi mavuto. Slag splash, zitsuloikatinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndipo zinthu za oxidid zimatha kutsataekitirodi dothi. Izi zodetsa zokhudzana ndi njira nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuchotsa ndipo zimatha kusintha kwambirielectrodemagetsi ndi mafuta. Muma electrochemucalmakonda, zodetsedwa zimatha kuchokera kuelemalyteZoipa (zonyansa, zotchingira), zonenaekitirodiKutulutsa, kapena adsorption wa mamolekyulu kuchokera patrix paMalo Osiyanasiyana. Mitundu yoyesedwa iyi imatha kukwaniritsaekitirodi, kunyalanyaza kusamutsa elektron.

Ndikofunikanso kulingalira zotsalira kuchokera pazoyeserera kapena kupanga. Zowonjezera zotsukira molakwika kapena zotsalira zopukutira (monga alumina kapenadaymondiphala lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchitoma electrochemucal ekitirodiKukonzekera) kumatha kukhala ngati chodetsa. Ngakhale zomatira kuchokera ku kutetezakutepantchitoekitirodiZingwe zimatha kusiya zotsalira ngati sizichotsedwa bwino. Chifukwa chake, kuyeretsa kwathunthumachitidweAyenera kuti achotse sikuti ndi dothi lakunja komanso zotsalira zilizonse kuchokera ku njira yoyeretsera yokha. TikuyenerafufuzaMagwero omwe angapangidwe kuti asankhe njira yabwino yoyeretsa.

3. Zida zofunika ndi zida za electrode yogwira ntchito?

Kukhala ndi zida zoyenerera ndi zida zoyambirira zimapangitsa kuti njirayi ikhale yotetezeka komanso yothandiza kwambiri. Zinthu zomwe zingafunike zimasiyana potengera pang'onoekitirodiLembani ndi kugwiritsa ntchito (mwaf vs.ma electrochemucal mokhala), koma zida zoyambirira ziyenera kuphatikizira:

• Ma Girice Gear:Nthawi zonse amayang'ana chitetezo. Izi zimaphatikizapo magolovesi oyenera (E.g., Nitrile kapena Neoprene kuti athe kupewa sol sol ndi magalasi otetezeka kapena magalasi oteteza ma splashes ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono.
• Bukussus:Maburashi ofewa ofewa (ngati nylon) nthawi zambiri amakondedwa kuti akonzekeregraphite electrode dothi. Awaya tsache(makamaka mkuwa, wofewa kuposachitsulo) Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchitomosamalaPochotsa masinjidwe olimba kwambiri pa ma elekitirodi a mafakitale, koma osalimbama electrochemucalElectrodes. ChofunikiraulusiMabulupu oyeretsa amalimbikitsidwanso.
• Nsalu:Kupukuta kwa lint kapenansalu(Monga microphimbe) ndikofunikira pakupukuta pansi osasiya kufinya. Matawulo a pepala ayenera kupewedwa.
• Masungunule:Kusankha kwazosungunulirazimatengera zodetsa.
  • Isopropyl kumwa (iPa)kapenaacetoneKodi zosankha zodziwika bwino pochotsa mafuta,mafuta ndi madzi. Nthawi zonse yang'anani kuti azigwirizana ndi enagraphite electrodeKalasi ndi kutsika kwambiri (makamaka mu transitma electrochemucal kuyesantchito).
  • Madzi opangidwa (Di) MadzikapenaMadzi osungunukandikofunikira kuti khwike, makamaka muma electrochemucalMapulogalamuwo, kupewa kuyambitsa matenda odetsa matenda a ionic.
• Mpweya wopsinjika:Gwero la oyera, owumampweya wopanikizikandizofunikira kwambiri kuwomba fumbi ndi zinyalala, ndi kuyanikaekitirodimutatsuka. Onetsetsani kuti mpweya umakhala wopanda mafuta.
• Zida zopunthwitsa (za electrochemical electrodes):Pokonzekerama electrochemucalElectrodes, makilomita osiyanasiyana opindika Media amafunika, monga:
  • Alumina ma slorries (E.g., 1.0μm, 0.3μm, 0.05μm)
  • DaymondiPastes / sprays (mitundu yofananira ya tinthu tating'ono)
  • Madontho opoka (nsalu ya Emerynthawi zambiri makamaka, zojambulajambula zopukutira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito)
• Zotengera:Oyera opanga kapena ma trans oyipitsitsa pakutsuka kapenaAkupangakuyeretsa.

Nayi tebulo lachangu:

Kusankha zida zoyenera ndi gawo loyamba loyeretsedwa bwinographite electrode.

4. Maupangiri Omwe Akutsogolera: Momwe mungatsukire bwino komanso oyera elekiti?

Kuyeletsaelekishi electrodes, ngakhale zikwangwani kapena zazing'ono za ma labs, zimafunikira njira yofananira. Pano pali Generalmachitidwe, zomwe mutha kuzolowera kutengeraekitirodikukula ndi kuipitsidwa:

1. Kuyendera koyamba & chitetezo:Valani magalasi anu achitetezo.MosamalaYang'aniraniekitirodichifukwa chowonekakuononga, ming'alu, kapena kuipitsidwa kwakukulu. Chonganiulusimadera enieni.
2. Kuyeretsa Kuuma:Gwiritsani ntchito mafuta oyerampweya wopanikizikakuwulutsa fumbi lililonse lotayirira ndi nkhani yonse kuchokera yonsedothi, kuphatikiza ulusi. Burashi yofewa imatha kuthandiza kusokoneza ma tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Gwirani ntchito m'malo opumira.
3. Zosungunulira (ngati pangafunike):Ngati zotsalira za mafuta (mafuta ndi madzi) alipo, kunyowetsani kwaulerensalundi zoyenerazosungunulira(monga mowa wa isopropyl). Pukuta madera owonongeka. Pewani kudzutsaekitirodi, mitundu yamphamvu kwambiri, pokhapokha ngati mwachita zambirikuchapa. Pukutani kwa madera oyeretsa kumadera odyera. Kwa ulusi, gwiritsani ntchito burashi yoperekedwa kapena nsalu yokutidwa ndi chidaoyerapoyambira.
4. Masinjidwe ouma (ma elekitirodi a mafakitale):Kwa masitepe ambiri ogulitsa (E.g., aJGekitirodindi slag), kuyeretsa makina kungakhale kofunikirapoyambakuchapa. Izi zitha kukhudzawosamalaKukoka ndi chida chosakhala ndi chitsulo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito pang'ono kwamkuwawaya tsache. Chenjezo Kwambiriamafunikira kuti apewe kuwonongaekitirodi dothi. Izi nthawi zambiriosatiKugwira ntchito kufinyama electrochemucalElectrodes.
5. Mutsuka:Ngati ma sodi adagwiritsidwa ntchito, kapena kutsuka kwathunthu,vuwulaaekitirodibwinobwino. Wama electrochemucalMa elekitrodes, gwiritsani ntchito madzi apamwamba a DI kapena chiyero chapamwambazosungunulirantchito kuyeretsa. Kwa ma elekitiki a mafakitale, kutengera ndi zofuna zoyeretsa ndi njirayi, madzivuwulakutsatiridwa pakuwonetsetsa kuti liwume yonse ikwanira. Cholinga ndikuchotsa zinthu zonse za woyeretsa ndikusiya zodetsa nkhawa. Mikwingwirima yambiri ikhoza kukhala yofunikira.
6. Kuyanika:Lolaniekitirodikuti mpweya uwume kwathunthu m'malo oyera. Mutha kuthamanga kuthamanga ndikuwuma pogwiritsa ntchitompweya wopanikizika(onetsetsani kuti ndi oyera). Kutentha Kwambiri (E.g., mu uvuni pansipa 100° C) Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, koma pewani kutentha kwambiri zomwe zingathewopembakapena kugwedeza mwamphamvu graphite. Aekitirodiiyenera kukhala youma kwathunthu musanasungidwe kapena kugwiritsa ntchito, makamaka musanalumikizane kapena kumizidwa muelemalyte. Nthawi yowuma mpweya ikhoza kukhala 30minKwa maola angapo, kutengera kukula ndi mawonekedwe. Electrode iyenera kukhalakuloledwa kuti ziumebwinobwino.
7. Kuyendera komaliza:Kamodziuma, gwiritsani ntchito yoyendera komaliza kuonetsetsadothiosafananaoyerakomanso wopanda zotsalira kapenakuononga. Onaninso ulusi.

Njira yayisitiyi imatsimikizira kutigraphite electrodeimatsukidwa bwino pochepetsa chiopsezo chakuononga. Kumbukirani kuthanaekitirodimosamala njirayi.

5. Kodi akupanga ntchito yanji yamagetsi a graphite?

AkupangaKuyeretsa kumapereka njira yoyeretsera yoyeretsa yomwe ikuyerekeza ndi kupukuta kosavuta kapena kutsuka. Imagwiritsa ntchito mafunde okwanira pafupipafupi kuti apange thovu la cavitation mkati mwa madzizosungunulira. Izi zimalowa pafupi ndiekitirodiPamwamba, kupanga ma jets tating'onoting'ono, amphamvu ndi kusintha kwapadera komwe kumapangitsa kuti akhale ndi vuto ladothi, kuphatikizapo ma pores ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ngati ulusi. Ganizirani za izi ngati njira yosinthira microscopic.

Njirayi imakhala yothandiza kwambiri kuchotsa anthu ouma khosi, osasangalatsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, zotsalira zimayikidwa pamwamba pa malo ngati mizu ngati muzu waulusi. Wama electrochemucalelectrodes, aAkupanga kuchapa(nthawi zambiri 5-15min) Zoyenerazosungunulira(monga madzi a dip kapena isoppanol) pambuyo poti kupukutira koyambirira kapena pakati pa kuyesera kumatha kusintha magetsi apadera ndikuwonetsetsa kutiekitirodi dothi. Ndi gawo lodziwika bwino mu protocol yoyeserera ya proristingMalo Osiyanasiyana.

Komabe,AkupangaKuyeretsa kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera. Mphamvu yayikulu imatha kuyambitsa pamwambakuonongakapena kukokoloka, makamaka ndi graphite graphy kapena nthawi yayitali. Ndikofunikira:

• Sankhachoyenerazosungunulirayogwirizana ndi graphite komanso zodetsa nkhawa.
• Kuwongolera nthawi (kuyamba ndi nthawi yochepa, E.g.,2 mphindimpaka 5min, ndipo kuchulukitsa ngati kuli kofunikira).
• Onetsetsani kutiekitirodisapuma molunjika pansiAkupangakusamba (gwiritsani ntchito achogwilirakapena kuyimitsa).
• Vuwulabwino pambuyo paAkupangaPitilizani kuchotsa zinyalala zoyipitsidwa ndi zotsalirazosungunulira.

Akupangakuyeretsa ndi chida champhamvu muekitirodikuyeretsa arsenal, koma sikofunikira nthawi zonse kapena koyenera. Sinthani mtundu wa kuipitsidwa ndi kumverera kwaekitirodimusanagwiritse ntchito njirayi. Pa ntchito zambiri zoyeretsa, njira zamagetsi zotchulidwa kale ndizokwanira.

6. Kodi mumapanga bwanji ma electrodidi a kuyesa kwa electrochem?

Kukonzekeraekitirodikwama electrochemucal kuyesaImafuna chidwi chodziyeretsa pamkhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe, ngakhale kuti zimachita zosafunikira zomwe zingakhudze zotsatira. Cholinga ndikukwaniritsa chosalala, choletsedwa, komanso chogwira ntchitodothi. Zowonamachitidwezimatengeraekitirodizakuthupi (E.g. kaboni, graphite phala, pyrolytic graphite) komanso mwachindunjikuyesa, koma nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kupukuta, kuyeretsa, komanso nthawi zinama electrochemucalpre-chithandizo.

Njira yokonzekera yokhazikikagraphite electrode(Monga galasi carbon) akhoza kuwoneka motere:

1. Makina kupukusa:Gawo ili likufuna kuchotsa zodetsa zilizonse kapena zigawo zoperewera ndikupanga zatsopano, zosalaladothi.
   • Yambani ndi coarser yopukutira ma media (E.g., 1μmalumina kapenadaymondiphala) pa kupukutansalu. Poponya mu chiwonetsero cha anthu eyiti 1-2 mphindi.
   • Vuwulabwino ndi madzi a di.
   • Pitani ku Medive Meding Meding Meding (E.g., 0.3μm, ndiye 0,05μmalumina). Plasi ya 1-2 mphindindi kalasi iliyonse.
   • Vuwulabwino ndi madzi a di pakati pa gawo lirilonse.
2. Kuyeretsa:Pambuyo poponya, ikaniekitirodinsonga mu beani yokhala ndi madzi a di (kapena nthawi zina ethanol / isoppanol) ndi sonicate zingapomin(mwachitsanzo, 5min) Kuchotsa zinyalala zoponyedwa mu microscopic.
3. Mphesa Yomaliza: Vuwulakuchuluka kwambiri ndi madzi apamwamba. Ma protocol ena angaphatikizepo chomalizavuwulandielemalytekugwiritsidwa ntchito mukuyesa.
4. Electrochemical pre-chithandizo (posankha):Kutengera ntchito, aekitirodizingafunema electrochemucalkuyambitsa kapena kuyeretsa. Izi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kuyendetsa njinga zomwe zingatheke mkati mwa mtundu winaelemalyte. Izi zitha kuthandizira kuchotsa okhazikika otsalira otsalira kapena mitundu yoyeserera ndi kukhazikikaekitirodi dothi. Kuchuluka kwenikweni komansokuzunguliramagawo amapezeka mwachindunjiekitirodiZinthu ndielemalytedongosolo. Cholinga chake nthawi zambiri chimakhala chokhazikika, chotsika kwambiri komanso chofotokozedwa bwinoma electrochemucal nsongaMayankho a maanja odziwika bwino (monga Ferrocene kapena Potaziyamu Ferricyanja) ngati cheke chaekitirodintchito.
5. Kuyanika (ngati pakufunika):NgatiekitirodiSizigwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo, ziyenera kuwuma mosamala (E.g., ndi mtsinje wa nayitrogeni kapena argon) ndikusungidwa bwino.

Mtundu wama electrochemucal mokhalaKukhazikitsa, kuphatikizapo zowerengera ndi ma elekitirodi ogwiritsa ntchito, komanso kuyera kwaelemalytendi ma sol sol sol, ndizofanana. Okonzekereratu bwinoKugwira ntchito electrodeSadzapereka deta yabwino ngati zigawo zina zili zolakwika kapena zoyimbidwa. Kukwaniritsa zowoneka bwinoma electrochemucal nsongaNdi zomwe zingachitike nthawi zambiri zimakhala zizindikiro zazikulu zokonzedwa bwinoekitirodindimokhala.

7. Kupewa kuwonongeka: Kodi ndi njira ziti zopewera pa electrode elekitirode?

Pomwe kuyeretsa ndikofunikira, njira zosayenera zimatha kuvulaza kuposa zabwino. Graphite, ngakhale anali wolimba kwambiri, amatha kukhala opanda phokoso komanso ogwidwa ndi makinakuononga. Nayi njira zazikuluzikulu zotengera:

• Pewani mphamvu zambiri:Osagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwambiri pofuula, kupukuta, kapena kusamaliraekitirodi. Graphite imatha kukanda kapena chip. Gwiritsani ntchito maburashi ofewa ndi nsalu zaulere. Pewani kugwetsa kapena kusokonezaekitirodi, chifukwa izi zimatha kubweretsa zovutakuphwanya.
• Tetezani ulusi:AulusiZigawo ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa kulumikizana ndi kusamutsa kwaposachedwa komanso kufooka.
  • MasikuonseoyeraZithunzithunzi mosamala, kuonetsetsa kuti palibe zinyalala.
  • Gwiritsani ntchito zotetezera kapenakutepazopindika pamiyeso yoyeretsa thupi lalikulu kapena posungira / kunyamula kupitaletsa electrodeulusi kuchokerakuononga.
  • MukalumikizaMa electrodes awiri, Onetsetsani kuti ulusi amasaina molondola musanawunikire. Gwiritsani ntchito zomwe zikuyeneratochiKuyerekeza - Kuthetsa Kupsinjikaulusindi kumabweretsakuphwanyaPambuyo pake, ndikuwunika kungayambitsekumasulandi kuumba. Gwiritsani ntchito yoyenerachogwilirakapena pang'ono pa msonkhano / suna. Pewani kugwiritsa ntchitochitsuloZida zachindunji pa graphite ngati nkotheka, kapena gwiritsani ntchito mosamala kwambiri.
• Mankhwala Ogwirizana:Onetsetsani kuti ma sol sol kapena oyeretsa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogwirizana ndi kalasi yagraphite electrodeNdipo osasiya zotsalira zotsalira pazomwe mukufuna. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa graphite yayikulu kapenama electrochemucalMapulogalamu omwe amatsata zovuta zomwe akuipitsa. Masikuonsevuwulabwinobwino.
• Kugwedezeka kwa mafuta:Pewani kusintha kwa kutentha msanga. Osatenga otenthaekitirodindi kumiza iwo pakutsuka madzi, kapena kutenthaekitirodimwachangu kwambiri. Kusintha kwapang'onopang'ono kwa kusintha ndi kiyi kuti mupewe kupsinjika kwamafuta ndikusokoneza (kuphwanya). Ngati mukufunaphikaaekitirodiyouma, gwiritsani ntchito kutentha kwakanthawi (E.g., <100-120° C) Ndipo lolani kutentha pang'onopang'ono ndi kuziziritsa.
• Akupanga Samalani:Monga tanena kale, gwiritsani ntchito kutalika ndi mphamvu yaAkupangakuyeretsa kuti musataye mtima kapena kuwonongaekitirodi dothi.

Potsatira izi, mutha kuchita bwinooyerazanuelekishi electrodespopanda kunyalanyaza umphumphu kapena ntchito zawo. Kupewakuonongandikofunikira monga kuchotsa zodetsa nkhawa.

8. Kodi mungayang'anire ndi kutsimikizira bwanji chikhazikitso cha electrode?

Mutayeretsa, mukudziwa bwanji ngatiekitirodikwenikwenioyerazokwanira? Kutsimikizira ndi gawo lofunikira, makamaka pamapulogalamu ovuta. Njira zomwe zimachokera ku cheke chosavuta kuwunika mwanzeru zochulukirapo.

Kwa ma Internerrial mafakitale (monga ma electrodes (monga ma electrodes), kuyendera kokwanira ndi njira yoyamba. Yang'anani:

• Maonekedwe Ofanana:AdothiAyenera kuwoneka oyera mosagwirizana, osasunthika, otsalira, kapena owoneka bwino ngati mafuta kapena mafumbi.
• Matendawa:Samalani ndiulusima pooves ndi nkhope. Ayenera kukhala opanda zinyalala, mafuta, komansokuononga.
• Pukutani mayeso:Pukuta pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, youmadothiNdi oyera, oyera, opanda phokosonsalu. Chinsalucho chimayenera kukhala choyera, chosasonyeza kuti palibe chomasuka chomwe chimasamutsa.

Wama electrochemucalElectrodes, komwe mawonekedwe ake ndi okwanira, kutsimikizira nthawi zambiri kumakhala kovuta:

• Kuyendera kwamawonekedwe (microscopic):Kuyendera chopukutidwadothiPansi paudzola kuwonetsa zikwangwani, maenje, kapena zotsalira.
• Kuyesedwa kwa Electrochemu:Kuthamanga ma cyclic cyvalmamMogram (cv) muyezoelemalyteyankho lomwe lili ndi banja labwino kwambiri (E.g., 1 mm potaziyamu Ferricyanjananaanide mu 0.1 m kcl) ndi chida chodziwika bwino. Kuyeretsedwa bwinoekitirodiAyenera kuwonetsa:
  • Maziko apansi pano.
  • Oxidation omasulira bwino komanso kuchepetsansongamawonekedwe.
  • ZoyembekezekansongaKupatukana (Δep), komwe kumayandikira kwambiri mpaka 59 / n F kutentha kwa firiji kwa njira yosinthira n-elekron. Kupatuka nthawi zambiri kumawonetsa ulesi kapena kuipitsidwadothi.
  • Kubalanso mabatani obwereka mobwerezabwereza.
• Lumikizanani ndi Mlingo wa Angle:Njira yodumphira madzi kapenaelemalytemikanda (kapena kufalikira) paekitirodiPamatha kuperekamoonekaMwaukhondo wake ndi hydrophobicity / hydrophicity, yomwe imatha kukhala yosamala zodetsa nkhawa.
• Maluso owoneka bwino (otsogola):Mu kafukufuku, maluso ngati X-ray Photoelectron Spertroscopy (XPS) kapena Raman Sportropy angagwiritsidwe ntchitofufuzamawonekedwe oyambira ndi magwiridwe antchito aekitirodi dothi, kutsimikizira kusowa kwa zodetsa nkhawa zina. Gawo ili lakagwilitsidwetsatanetsatane nthawi zambiri amasungidwa R & D.

Kuyendera pafupipafupi ndi kutsimikizika, koyenera ku pulogalamuyi, onetsetsani kuti njira yoyeretsa ndiyothandiza komanso kutigraphite electrodendi okonzeka kuchita bwino. Izi zimathandiza kupewa kulephera kapena zolakwikamuyezozotsatira.

9.

Kuyeletsaelekishi electrodesndizofunikira, koma kuletsa kuipitsidwa pamalo oyamba kuli bwino. Kusungidwa koyenera komanso njira zosungirako ndikofunikira kuti musunge ukhondo komanso kupewakuononga. Nazi zina mwanzeru:

• Choyera ndi chouma:Store Electrodes mu malo oyera, owuma, kutali ndi fumbi, chinyezi, mafosholo, ndi zovuta zakuthupi. Pewani kuwasunga molunjika pansi. Gwiritsani ntchito ma racks kapena ma pallet.
• Kuteteza:Sungani ma elekitirodi mu kagwiridwe kawo koyambirira kwa nthawi yayitali. Kwa ma elekitikisiri a mafakitale, izi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizira kukulunga ndi kusokosera. Ma nipples (zikhomo zolumikizira) ziyeneranso kusungidwa mosamala mosamala, nthawi zambiri m'mabokosi odzipereka.
• Kutetezedwa kwa ulusi:Gwiritsani ntchito nthawi zonseochingilaZikopa kapena mapulagiekitirodiNdipo ulusi wa Nipple umasungira ndi kugwirana. Izi zimalepheretsa kuipitsidwa komanso kwakuthupikuonongam'magawo ofunikirawa. Onetsetsani kuti zikopa zomwe zimakhala zoyera.Kutepaitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati muyeso wakanthawi koma onetsetsani kuti sizisiya zotsatsa.
• Kugwira:
  • Gwiritsani ntchito zida zoyera nthawi zonse kumakweza zida (zitsulo, ma classi,chogwilirazida). Onetsetsani kuti zida zokweza siziyambitsa mafuta kapena dothi. Mapula Mapula MapulanimangamuekitirodiSocket nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa electrodis.
  • Gwiritsani ntchito. Makonzedwe okonzekera kupewa kusamutsidwa.
  • Ma electrones ogwirira ntchito ayenera kuvala magolovesi oyera kuti aletse kusamutsamafuta ndi madzikapena uve m'manja mwawo.
• Kusankha:Ngati ndi kotheka, sungani ma elekitikisi atsopano osiyana ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena omwe amadyetsedwa pang'ono kuti mupewe kuipitsidwa.
• Kuwongolera kwa malo:Mu ntchito zolimbitsa thupi (monga zoyera zama electrochemucalNtchito kapena Semiconductor kukonza), khalani ndi chilengedwe chachilengedwe kuti muchepetse mawonekedwe a mpweya.

Kukwaniritsa zosungirako zosungirako koma zothandizana ndi njira zomwe zingachepetse kwambiri zimachepetsa kufunika kwa kuyeretsa kwamphamvu, kutalikiranaekitirodiMoyo, onetsetsani kuti ntchito mopitizite, ndikuletsa ndalamakuphwanyakapena nkhani. Monga mwini fakitale (monga inemwini, Allen), tikugogomezera machitidwe a mkati mwathunthu ndikuwalimbikitsa mwamphamvu kwa makasitomala athu monga Marko Thompson, omwe amagwirizana ndi kugwira ntchito mwaluso. Kuyika ndalamaZipangizo zapamwamba kwambiri zojambulandi gawo limodzi la equation; chisamaliro choyenera ndichofunikanso.

10. Kupitiriza kuyeretsa: Kufufuza njira zapamwamba za ma elekiti a graphite?

Pomwe kuyeretsa mosamala kumasunga zachilengedwe za agraphite electrode, nthawi zina makampani amafunikira magwiridwe antchito. Izi zadzetsa chitukuko cha chithandizo chotsogola chachikulu chapamwamba komanso zosintha. Izi zimangopitilira kungoyeretsadothindipo cholinga chosintha chikhazikitso chakenyumbambiri yopindulitsa. TiyenifunaZitsanzo zochepa:

• Zovala za Anti-Oxidation:Graphite imakondawopembaKutentha kwambiri pamaso pa mpweya, kumabweretsa kuchulukamadyo, makamaka mwa zikwangwani kapena njira zina zamagetsi. Kutsatira zokutira zapadera (E.g., kutengerasililiconeCarbide, alumina, kapena zinthu zina zopezeka) zimatha kupanga chotchinga choteteza, chotsani zotsekemera maxination ndikuwonjezeraekitirodiMoyo. Zovala izi zimafunikira kusankhidwa mosamala kuti zitsimikizire kuti sizimakhala ndi mawonekedwe opanga matole kapena kuipitsa kusungunuka.
• Pamtunda (electrochemical):Wama electrochemucalkumva ndi catalysis, agraphite electrode dothiimatha kusinthidwa mwadala kuti ipititse patsogolo. Izi zingaphatikizepo:
  • Ma electrochemucalKupanga kwafigwilitsidwenanoparticles (ngati golide kapena platinamu) kumphatikizani.
  • Kulumikizana mogwirizana ndi mamolekyulu ena kapena ma polima kuti apange malo osankha omanga oyang'anira.
  • Chithandizo cha plasma kufotokozera magulu a magwiridwe antchito (monga magulu a okosijeni kapena nayitrogeni) omwe amasintha mphamvu ndi kuyanjana ndielemalytekapena zolaula.
    Zosinthazi zimafuna kusintha chidwi, kusanza, kapena kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimachitika mwachindunjima electrochemucalmiyeso, kukankhira malire kuposa opukutidwa kosavutagraphite electrodezitha kukwaniritsa. Nthawi zambiri timawonamakhalidweKupita kumodziMalo Osiyanasiyanapaulendokagwilitsidwechemistry.
• Kulekanitsa:Maphunziro ena a graphite amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi zinthu ngati ma resin kapena phula pamaso pa chofufumitsa chomaliza ndikuphika kuti muchepetse kupachilo kapena kusintha kwa maxidation. Pomwe nthawi zambiri mbali ya kupanga, njira zopangira positi yophatikizira zopangidwa ndi zida zapadera (monga mkuwa wazochita bwino, kapena anti wovala bwino) amasanthula muyezoelekishi electrodes.

Chithandizo chapamwambachi chikuimira njira zapadera zothetsera mavuto enaake. Ngakhale kuyeretsa koyenera kumayang'ana pakusunga magwiridwe antchito ngatiElekisi ya uHP graphitekapenaZithunzi Zojambula, kusintha kwa pamtunda kumapereka njira yolimbikitsira kuthekera kofunikira pofuna kugwiritsa ntchito. Izi zimapereka zofunikiramoonekakulowa mwatsopano mu bizinesi yojambula. Kusankhidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito izi zimafuna ukatswiri wofunikira kuti awonetsetse kuti apereke mavuto atsopano.

Makina Ofunika Kwambiri Pakuyeretsa ndi Kukonza:

• Ukhondo ndi wofunikira:Oyeragraphite electrode dothindikofunikira kuti akhale ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, otsikamadyo, magwiridwe antchito osasinthika (mwa Awafs), ndi molondolama electrochemucalmiyeso (yakuthwansonga, wodalirikachizindikiro).
• Dziwani zoipa zanu:Kuzindikira kuti mwina zochititsa manyazi (mafuta ndi madzi, fumbi, njira zotsalira) kusankha njira yoyenera yoyeretsera yoyenera.
• Gwiritsani Ntchito Zida Zoyenera:Gwiritsani ntchito maburashi ofewa, nsalu zopanda pake, ma sodi sodi yoyenera (iPa, acetone, madzi a dia), ndi zida zotetezeka. Pewani zochitika zankhanza pokhapokha ngati pakufunika mwanzeru.
• Tsatirani njira ya Memodical:Yendetsani, zoumaoyera (mpweya wopanikizika)kuchapa(zosungunulira / kutsuka), zouma bwino, ndikuwunikanso. Tetezani ulusi.
• Ganizirani za akupanga pang'ono:Zothandiza pakuyeretsa kwambiri koma kugwiritsa ntchito mosamala kuti mupewekuononga. Kuwongolera nthawi ndivuwulaChabwino.
• Electrochemical Prep ndi yolimba:Imafuna kupukutira (alumina /daymondi), kuchapa bwino, nthawi zambiriAkupangakuyeretsa, ndipo nthawi zinama electrochemucalKuyambitsa kuti mukwaniritse kuberekadothi. Kuwunika ndi CVnsongakusanthula.
• Pewani kuwonongeka:Samalani mosamala, tengani ulusi, gwiritsani ntchito zolondolatochi, pewani kugwedezeka kwamagetsi, ndikuyang'ana kugwirizana kwa mankhwala. Kupewa kupewa ndi kiyi.
• Tsimikizani ukhondo:Gwiritsani ntchito zowunikira, pukuta mayeso, ndima electrochemucalntchito, kuyesa kwa CV.
• Sungani ndikugwira bwino:Sungani ma elekitirodi oyera, owuma, otetezedwa (makamaka), ndikugwirana ndi zida zoyera / magolovesi kuti muchepetse kudetsa.
• Chithandizo chapamwamba chilipo:Zokutira ndi magwiridwe antchito zimatha kukulitsa mitundu yonga ma okosida kapenama electrochemucalntchito zofunikira.

Mwa kukhazikitsa malangizo awa, ogwiritsa ntchitoelekishi electrodesimatha kuonetsetsa kuti agwira ntchito yabwino kwambiri komanso yokhazikika kuchokera kovuta izi, kuchepetsa nkhani zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito ndikukulitsa.