Vim li cas Graphite cov hluav taws xob xav tau hloov chaw hauv Arc rauv taws?

Graphite eleces yog unsung cov phab ej hauv kev ua hluav taws xob tob hau (EAFs) thiab leds). Lawv muaj cov hluav taws xob loj ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no kom yaj cov ntawv hlau lossis cov hlau ua kom huv. Txawm li cas los xij, cov cheebtsam tseem ceeb tsis nyob ntev mus ib txhis. Nkag siab vim li casGraphite electrodes xav tau Hloov Hloov Hloovyog tus yuam sij rau kev tswj kom muaj txiaj ntsig zooqho cub kev phais, ensuring cov khoom lag luam zoo, thiab tswj cov nqi kev ua haujlwm zoo. Kab lus no dhia mus rau hauv cov laj thawj tom qabkhoom siv hluav taws xob kev noj, qhov tseeb cuam tshuam nws, thiab vim li cas raws sijhawmyam pauv chawtsis yog ib txoj haujlwm txij nkawm, tab sis cov tswv yim xav tau rau ib tus neeg ua haujlwmarc rauv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov tub txawg zoo li Mark Thompson hauv Asmeskas uas cia siab rau Sourcing zoonpaimCov khoom lag luam rau hlau morsws thiab cov pob zeb. Nrhiav tau txais koj li casGraph kaw electrodecuam ​​tshuam cuam tshuam koj cov kab hauv qab.

1. Yuav ua li cas raws nraim yog graphite electrode thiab nws lub luag haujlwm hauv lub cub tawg?

A Graph kaw electrodeyog qhov tseem ceeb ib qho loj, Cylindrical Qws ua feem ntau ntawm high-purity petroleum coke, koob coke, koob coke, thiab thee lub suab ris. Cov ntaub ntawv no sib xyaw, ci, impregnated, ci dua, thiab thaum kawg graphitized thaum kawg kub (ncig 3000 ° C). Tus txheej txheem no muab raukhoom siv hluav taws xobNws cov khoom tshwj xeeb thiab tseem ceeb heev: tau zoo heevHluav Taws Xob Kev Tshaj Tawm, siab thermalkev poob siab tsis kam, thiab muaj peev xwm tiv taus covkhaus tshav kubsab hauv ibFais arc rauvCov. Lawv thawjrooj movyog los ua ibua hauj lwmTxoj kev, nqa cov hluav taws xoblub zoglos ntawm lub zog rau hauv lubqho cub.

Sab hauv lubqho cub, qhov ntxeev ntawmkhoom siv hluav taws xobtsim lub zogFais arcnrog tus cwj pwm me me (seemhlaulossis lwm yamhlau) lossis moltenhlauDa dej. NoFais arctsim kom zoo kawgqho kub- feem ntau tshaj 3,000 ° C (5,400 ° F) - uas yog qhov tsim nyog rauyajCov nqi them lossissmeltthiab ua kom lubkua hlauCov. Xav txog nws zoo li tus loj heev, super-powered vuam qws tsim kev tsim rau melting tons ntawmhlauCov. Yog tsis muaj cov noCov khoom hluav taws xob thiab graphiteCheebtsam, tusFais arc rauvtsuas yog tsis tautsavlossis mus txogqho soyuav tsum rau steelmaking thiab lwm yam metallurgical cov txheej txheem. Lawv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau covkev phais.

Qhov kev xaiv ntawmnpaimRaws li tuskhoomyog txhob txwm.Npaimtswj hwm nws lub zog ntawm heevKev Kub Siab, coj hluav taws xob ua hluav taws xob (qiskev tiv), thiab yoog raws saiqho soHloov pauv (Termalceeb) tsis muaj qhov yooj yim tawg. Cov qhab nia sib txawv nyob, zoo li lub zog sib txawv (RP), muaj zog (HP), thiab ultra-siab zog (UP), kho kom muaj zog ntxiv (UPRA-siab rau cov kev xav tau thiab lub zog sib txawvqho cubhom. IbUltra-Siab Fais Fab Graphite Hluav Taws Xobyog tsim rau cov feem ntau xav tauarc rauv, muab qis duahluav taws xob tiv thaiv hluav taws xobthiab ntau dua tam sim no-nqa lub peev xwm mus rau motimize meltingua tau zoo.

2. Qhov kev paub tiag tiag: Vim li cas thiaj graphite electrode kev siv?

Txawm hais tias lawv muaj kev sib txawv,Graphite electrodesyog cov khoom siv. Lawvyuav tsum tau hloovib nrab sijhawm vim tias lawv maj mam txais luv dua thiab thinner thaumqho cub kev phaisCov. Nokev nojyog ib qho kev zam txim tsis tau ntawm cov chaw hnyav uas lawv ua haujlwm hauv. Qhov khausqho kubntawm lubFais arc, tustshuajcov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog gases thiab slag sab hauv lubqho cub, thiab kev ntxhov siab lub cev txhua tus pab rau qib zuj zus ntawm lubnpaim khoomCov. Nws tsis yog teeb meem ntawmyogibkhoom siv hluav taws xobyuav tau noj, tab sisthaumthiabsai npaum li cas.

To taub hais tiaskev nojyog qhov xam tau yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev npaj thiab nyiaj txiag. Sim txuas ntxiv lub neej ntawm ibkhoom siv hluav taws xobdhau nws txoj kev coj ua tau tseebntxivtag nrho cov nqi los ntawm kev txoua tau zoo, muaj peev xwm ua kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom siv, thiab qis duahlauntau lawm. Tuspoobntawmnpaimtshwm sim feem ntau los ntawm ob lub tshuab: cov lus qhiakev noj(sublimation thiablus teb pauj ib yamntawm arc) thiab sab nraudkev noj(oxidation). Peb yuav tshawb txog cov no hauv kev nthuav dav ntxiv tom ntej.

Tus yuam sij takaway yog tiasGraph kaw electrode kev nojyog ib feem ntawm lubFais arc rauvtxheej txheem. Yam xws li qhov zoo ntawm covkhoom siv hluav taws xobnws tus kheej, tusqho cubKev khiav hauj lwm tsis muaj (fai fab hov ntau, tam sim no), hom ntawmhlauraug tsim tawm, thiab kev txawj ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm txhua lub luag haujlwm hauv lub luag haujlwm sai saikhoom siv hluav taws xobyog siv. Yog li, npaj rauHloov Hloov Hloovyog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nruam thiab txuagkev phais.

3. Yuav ua li cas cov ntaub ntawv nqa khoom hnav? Ua txhaum cia Electrode kev tsav.

Graph kaw electrode kev nojtsis yog ib qho txheej txheem tab sis ua kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov yam ua haujlwm ua ke hauv kev txhoj puab heevqho cubib puag ncig. Nkag siab cov txheej txheem no pab hauv kev txheeb xyuas cov hauv kev kom paub tseebua kom me duaTus nqi ntawmpoob.

• Cov lus qhia noj (sublimation & cov tshuaj tiv thaiv):Qhov kawg ntawmkhoom siv hluav taws xob, qhov twgFais arcCov foos, cov kev paub dhau los cov kev mob siab tshaj plaws.

  • Sublimation:Ntawm ARC's incrediblyKev Kub Siab(Mus txog 3000 ° C), cov khoomnpaimtsis uayaj; Nws hloov ncaj qha rau hauv roj (sublimates). Qhov no txuas ntxiv vaporization maj mam noj ntawm lubkhoom siv hluav taws xobtus ntsisqho ntev.
  • Tshuaj lom neeg:Lub khausqho kubKuj tseem txhawb nqatshuajkev tawm tsam ntawm lubpa roj carbonnyob rau hauvnpaimthiab cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke hauv slag lossis moltenhlauDa dej. Cov qauv no zoo li cov pa roj carbon monoxide, ntxiv rau covkhoom siv hluav taws xobLus Qhia.

• Kev Siv Kev Siv (Oxidation):Ob sab ntawmkhoom siv hluav taws xobkem txuas ntxiv saum toj ntawm cov kaus poom hauv Molten yog raug rau qhov kubqho cubcua, uas muajpa(los ntawm huab cua ingress lossis cov txheej txheem kev tawm tsam).

  • Oxidation:NtawmKev Kub Siab, tuspa roj carbonnyob rau hauvnpaimyooj yim reacts nrogpalos uapa roj carbonDioxide (CO2) thiab carbon monoxide (co) roj. Qhov no "hlawv" tam sim ntawdnpaimlos ntawm ob sab, txo covkhoom siv hluav taws xob'S taub. Qhov no feem ntau yog tusloj tshaj plawsfeem ntawmkev noj electrode, tej zaum suav nyiaj rau ntau tshaj 50% ntawm tag nrhopoobCov. Tus nqi ntawm oxidation nyhav rauntxivtseem ceeb nrog siab duaqho sothiab ntau duapaMuaj Txaus.

• Breakage thiab spalling:Thaum tsis txuas ntxiv txuas ntxiv dua li lub ntsej muag thiab todickev noj, lub cev puas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tseem ceeb thiabHauv Kev poob.

  • Thermal poob siab:Kev kub ceev ceev lossis cua txias cycles, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub zog hloov ntawm / tawm sai sai lossis thaum txias seemhlaulos rau hauvtus neeg yus paubnrog kubkhoom siv hluav taws xob, tuaj yeem ua rau cov kev ntxhov siab thermal, ua rau tawg lossis daim txhuam tawm (spalling). Siab heevkev poob siab tsis kamyog tus tseem ceeb ua tau zoo.
  • Neeg kho tshuab:Ntxhib tuav thaumkev muab cialossisyam pauv chaw, scrap tsua-ins nyob rau hauvqho cubntaus lubkhoom siv hluav taws xob, lossis kev co kom ntau duahlautxhawm rau tawg. Qee zaum, sib koom ua ke tsis raug (sib txuas aTshiabNtu) tuaj yeem tsim cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj zog.
  • Sab Nruag:Me me nrib pleb, muaj peev xwm pib los ntawm kev tsim khoom lossis tuav, tuaj yeem tawm tswv yim nyob rau hauv kev ntxhov siab thiabqho kub, thaum kawg ua rau muaj qhov loj dua los yogpleb.

Tswjkev noj electrodecuam ​​tshuam nrog txhua yam no, los ntawm kev siv cov khoom zooCov Hluav Taws Xobnrog zookev poob siab tsis kamlos ua kom zoo duaqho cubkev coj ua thiab ua kom ceev faj thiabkev muab cia.

4. Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb cuam tshuam tus nqi ntawm electrode?

Tus nqi ntawm ibGraph kaw electrodeyog noj tsis yog tsau; Nws txawv heev raws li ob peb qhov sib tshuam. Nkag siab cov tuaj yeempabCov neeg ua haujlwm ua haujlwm thiab cov thawj coj ua haujlwm zoo li Mark tau qhia kev txiav txim siab.

• Cov electrode:Nov yog qhov tseem ceeb.

  • Khoom Siv Purity & Cov Qauv: Cov Hluav Taws Xobua los ntawm cov hmoov zoo koob coke nrog cov qauv sib dhos feem ntau muaj qis duahluav taws xob tiv thaiv hluav taws xobthiab zoo dua thermalkev poob siab tsis kam, ua kom qis duakev nojCov. Impurities tuaj yeemntxiv kev tivthiab ntxim nyiam rau oxidation. Qhov no yog vim li cas sourcing los ntawm lub suab npe nrovKev Tshaj Lij Graphite Hluav Taws XobUa raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.
  • Ntawj ntom:Ntau dua qhov ceev feem ntau txhais tau tias zoo dua rau oxidation.
  • Machining Precision:Tsis zoo khoom xov rau ntawmkhoom siv hluav taws xobthiab txuas txiv mis tauhlaukom xoob cov pob qij txha, muaj hluav taws xob siab duakev tivntawm lubtus neeg yus paubTaw tes, overheating, thiab muaj peev xwm tawg.

• Rauv ua haujlwm tsis muaj:Yuav ua li casqho cubyog khiav ncaj qha cuam tshuamkhoom siv hluav taws xoblub neej.

  • Ceev tam sim no & voltage:Siab dua hluav taws xob thauj khoom (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ntom ntom ntom ntom ntomntxivTswv yim sublimation thiab zuag qhia tag nrhoqho so, nrawm nrawmkev nojCov. Kev khiav hauj lwm ntawmyam tau siab fai fab hov ntauthiab tam sim no profile rau theem tshwj xeeb ntawm covyajyog tus yuam sij.
  • Arc ntev & stability:Ib qho ruaj khov, tsim nyog ntevFais arcyog siv ntau dua thiab tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj ntau dua li ib qho kev hloov pauv lossis ntau dhau arc, uas tuaj yeem ua tauntxiv qho kubHloov mus rau hauv kev mus ncig thiabntxiv kev noj.
  • Cov pa oxygen:Cov kev coj ua xws li kev ua lej oxygen (txhajpakom ceev tau melting lossis refining) hontxivoxidative ib puag ncig, nrawm nrooskev nojCov. Ua tib zoo tswj tau xav tau.
  • Lub sij hawm muaj zog:Tsuas yog muab tso, ntev duaqho cubyog ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim, lub sijhawm ntau duakhoom siv hluav taws xobsiv sijhawm. Siv cov kais-rau-kais lub sijhawm (tag nrho lub sijhawm voj voog rau ib pob ntawmhlau) pab ua kom me duazuag qhia tag nrhokev nojRau tuj ntawmhlau.

• Cov xwm txheej ua kom haum & ib puag ncig:

  • Seem Zoo & Them:Lub teeb heev lossis faib cov khoom siv tsis zoohlaulos arc qhov tsis txaus thiab flare-ups tsoo lubkhoom siv hluav taws xobsab. Hnyav scrap poob poob nthav tuaj yeem ua rau cov tshuab tawg.
  • Kev Xyaum Ua Slag:Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab ua npuas ncauj ntawm cov txheej sleag npog lub moltenhlautaukom qho kubhluav taws xob rau covkhoom siv hluav taws xobTaug kev. Ib tug zoo foaming slag tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lubkhoom siv hluav taws xobthiabua kom me duaoxidation thiabqho kub poob.
  • Fume extraction system:Fumer fume system pab tswj covqho cubhuab cua tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem kaw huab cua ntxiv (pa), muaj peev xwm nce oxidation yog tias tsis muaj kev sib npaug kom raug.
  • Dej txia:Dej xau rau hauvqho cub(piv txwv li, los ntawm cov ntoo txias txias) tuaj yeem hnov ​​cov suab nkauj thiab kuj tauntxivoxidizing muaj peev xwm ntawm cov cua, ua kom muaj kev phom sijkhoom siv hluav taws xob.

Los ntawm ua tib zoo xav txog cov yam ntxwv, cov neeg hlau loj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua kom zoo rau lawv cov txheej txheem rauua kom me duatsis tseem ceebkev noj electrodethiab cov nqi ua haujlwm qis dua. Qhov no feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev sib xyaw ntawm kev siv cov khoom zookhoom siv hluav taws xobRau txoj haujlwm thiab nplua-tuningqho cubkev coj ua.

5. Muaj peev xwm ua kev ua haujlwm ua haujlwm cuam tshuam cuam tshuam cuam tshuam rau hluav taws xob poob qis?

Kiag li. Thaumkhoom siv hluav taws xobKev ua tau zoo rau ib lub hauv paus rau kev ua tau zoo, hnub ua haujlwm rau hnub ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv steel cog lossis foundry muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau tiag tiagGraph kaw electrode kev nojThiab tushov ntauntawmyam pauv chawCov. Zoo li cov ntsiab lus me me hauv yuav ua li casqho cubyog ua haujlwm thiab yuav ua li casCov Hluav Taws Xobyog daws tau tuaj yeem ntxiv rau qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauvkhoom siv hluav taws xobLub neej thiab tag nrhoua tau zooCov. Cov kev coj ua tsis yooj yim tuaj yeem yooj yim negate cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv tus nqikhoom siv hluav taws xob, coj mus rau cov nqi siab dua thiab muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam kev cuam tshuam.

Xav txog covrooj sib sauthiabkev muab ciatxheej txheem. Koom nrogkhoom siv hluav taws xobcov feem yuav tsum muaj qhov ua kom muaj qhov tseeb thiab kev saib xyuas.

• Kev nyiam huv: Xyuas kom meej tias cov electrodeCov kab mob thiab NIPPER Xov yog zoo kawg nkaushuvua ntej koom nrog. Av lossis khib nyiab tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kom tsim nyogtus neeg yus paub, ua rau siabkev tivthiab overheating ntawm kev sib koom ua ke, muaj feem ua rau nws kom plam,pleb, lossis swb thaum lub sijhawmkev phais.
• Torque:Ua ntawv thov qhov tseeb nruj torque siv ib qho ntsuas hluav taws xob hnyav yog qhov tseem ceeb. Under-zawm ua rau tsis zoo hluav taws xobtus neeg yus paubthiab overheating. Tshaj qhov nruj-zawm tuaj yeem ntxhov siab lubnpaimthiab ua rau lub qhov (socket) lossis nippletxoj xovraupleblossis sawb, coj mus koom ua ke tsis ua haujlwm. Ua raws li cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam tshwj xeeb yog qhov nrujqhov toob kas.
• Kawm:Kom ntseeg tausab saud thiab qis dua khoom siv hluav taws xobcov tshooj tau zoo kawg nkaus ua ntej thaum lub sijhawmrooj sib sautiv thaiv undue kev ntxhov siab ntawm kev sib koom ua ke thaum lub sij hawmkev phais.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub sijhawm melting nws tus kheej, tus neeg teb xov tooj ua yog tus yuam sij:

• Arc Txoj Cai:Cov neeg txawj ua haujlwm siv covqho cubtswj tauceev ciaib lub nkuaj ruaj khovFais arc, khokhoom siv hluav taws xobtxoj hauj lwm,fai fab hov ntau, thiab tam sim no tsim nyog thoob plaws hauvyajkev voj voog. Tsis txhob muaj kev ntev dhau arcs (uas radiate ntauqho kubmus rau sab nraud) lossis luv luv arcs (uas tuaj yeem ua rau kev tam sim no) pab txo qiskev noj.
• Seem them:Ceev faj Chaw thau khoom ntawm seemhlaukom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam hnyav rau ntawmCov Hluav Taws Xobtxwv tsis pub siv tshuab tawg. Ib qho kev faib khoom zoo tshaj tawm txhawb nqa tau ruaj khov melting.
• Foamy slag xyaum:Tswj lub ntsej muag zoo, sib sib zog nqus txheej ntawm foamy slag shrink shields lubCov Hluav Taws Xoblos ntawm arc hluav taws xob thiabpa, txo qis rau ob qho tib si taub thiab sab nraudkev nojCov. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tswj ntawm kev sib tw-ua ntxiv.
• Lub Hwj Chim Pab:Siv cov txiaj ntsig zoo ua kom zoo uas phim rau theem ntawm melting (E.g., tho txawv, melting, refining) ua kom zoo dualub zogsiv thiab zam kev ntxhov siab tsis tsim nyog rau ntawmCov Hluav Taws XobCov. Ceev ceev fais fab hloov yuav tsum muaj tsawgua kom me duathermalceeb.
• Txij Nkawm:Ib txwmkhontawmkhoom siv hluav taws xobCov Tuav Tes, Clamps, thiab cov txheej txheem tso cai ua kom muaj hluav taws xob zootus neeg yus paubthiab meej tswj, txoKev Siv Zogthiab tiv thaiv teeb meem. Cov dej xau yuav tsum raug hais kom sai.

Cov piv txwv no ua piv txwv tias ceev fajkev phaisthiabkhotsis yog xaiv cov qauv ntxiv tab sis cov kev coj ua tseem ceeb los tswjkev noj electrodeCov. Kev nqis peev hauv cov neeg teb xov tooj kev kawm thiab ua raws li kev coj ua tau zoo tshaj plaws tuaj yeem ua tauua kom me duatuslub sijhawmibkhoom siv hluav taws xobkav thiab txo qis tag nrho tus nqi ib tuj ntawmhlautsim tawm.

6. Vim li cas thiaj li hloov chaw ntau dua li kev txij nkawm? Kev ua tau zoo.

Xav txogGraph kaw electrode yam pauv chawtsuas yog ib txwm uakhoTasam ua lub cev loj dua. Sijhawm thiab Tsim Nyogyam pauv chawyog cov lus qhia txuas rau tag nrhoua tau zoo, kev tsim khoom, thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lubFais arc rauv kev phaisCov. Kev ncuayam pauv chawlossis siv ib qhokhoom siv hluav taws xobyav dhau los nws txoj kev ua neej zoo li lub neej yuav zoo li txuag nyiaj hauv lub sijhawm luv luv, tab sis nws feem ntau ua rau cov nqi ntau dua thiab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig hauv txoj kab.Hloov Hloov Hloovyog kev txiav txim siab zoo uas cuam tshuam ntau yam ntawm kev tsim khoom.

Firstly,ua tau zoohinges ntawm lubkhoom siv hluav taws xob'S muaj peev xwm ua hluav taws xob nrog tsawg heevpoobCov. Raws li ib tugkhoom siv hluav taws xobHnav, nws txoj kab uas hla txo qis, thiab nws cov duab qhia yuav dhau los ua suboptomal. Ib tug thinnerkhoom siv hluav taws xobmuaj siab duahluav taws xob tiv thaiv hluav taws xob, lub ntsiab lus ntaulub zogyog ploj raws liqho kubnyob rau hauv lubkhoom siv hluav taws xobnws tus kheej ntau dua li kev xa tawm kom zoo rau lubyajCov. Nontxivhauvkev tivtuaj yeem yuam covqho cubkom kos lub zog ntau dua kom ua tiav tib lub suab me me, ua rau kom siab duaKev Siv ZogRau tuj ntawmhlauCov. Hloov covkhoom siv hluav taws xobua kom ntseeg tau tias hluav taws xob hluav taws tseem muaj txiaj ntsig.

Thib ob,khoom siv hluav taws xobmob ncaj qha cuam tshuam arc ruaj khov thiabqho kubHloov chaw. Cov hnav lossis puaskhoom siv hluav taws xobtaub tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tsis ruaj khov lossis deflectedFais arcCov. Qhov no txo ​​qhov ua tau zoo ntawmqho kubHloov mus rauhlauda dej thiab tuaj yeem nce ntxivqho kub poobMus rau lub cub hluav taws xob thiab ru tsev, muaj feem cuam tshuam kev ua kom refractories. Ib qho tsis khov arc kuj ua rau cov txheej txheem tswj tau nyuaj dua. Txhim kho aTshiabNtu rov qab kho qhov zoo tshaj plaws geometry rau qhov ruaj khov, tsom arc, kom paub meejua tau zooMelting thiab refining.

Thib peb, ncua sij hawmyam pauv chawUa kom muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawmkhoom siv hluav taws xobbreakage. Ib qho hnav hnyav lossis tawgkhoom siv hluav taws xobyog ntau npaum li cas yuav swb kev puas tsuaj thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Ibkhoom siv hluav taws xobKev tawg tuaj yeem ua rau lub sijhawm tseem ceeb rauTshem tawm cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xobtawg los ntawm covqho cub, muaj peev xwm ua rau lubqho cubnws tus kheej,tsis huvntawm lubhlauda dej nrog loj ntawmpa roj carbon, thiab kev nyab xeeb kev nyab xeeb. Tus nqi ntawm ploj ntau lawm thiab cov kev kho kom zoo dua tus nqi ntawm lub sijhawmyam pauv chaw. Hloov Hloov HloovRaws li kev soj ntsuam cov xwm txheej thiab npaj tau pab tiv thaiv cov nqi no. Yog li ntawd, tsim kom muaj tseebyam pauv chaw yam tseem ceebRaws li cov hnav thiab cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm yog tus yuam sij rauceev ciamuaj ntau lawm.

7. Dab tsi yog cov cim qhia tau hais tias qhov teeb meem electrode yuav tsum tau hloov?

Cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm saib xyuas yuav tsum tau ceev faj hauv kev saib xyuas cov xwm txheej ntawmGraphite electrodeslos txiav txim lub sijhawm rauyam pauv chawCov. Thaum lub sijhawm teem sijhawmyam pauv chawraws li nruab nrabkev nojtus nqi yog ib txwm muaj, pom kev kuaj thiab soj ntsuam cov kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem qhia tau cim tias ibkhoom siv hluav taws xobfeemyuav tsum tau hloovTsis ntev los tswjua tau zoothiab tiv thaiv tsis ua haujlwm. Tos ibkhoom siv hluav taws xobkom tawg yog yeej tsis tau zoo tshaj plaws.

Nov yog qee qhov ntsuas tseem ceeb:

• Kev noj haus ntau dhau lawm / "Pencing":Thaum taubkev nojyog ib txwm, yog tias ib tugkhoom siv hluav taws xobCov lus qhia pib hnav mus rau hauv qhov ntse heev, taw tes zoo (zoo li xaum), nws qhia tias muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm tsis ruaj khov lossis ua haujlwm sib cav sib ceg. Cov duab no tuaj yeem ua rau cov neeg tsis zoo tam sim no thiab kev pheej hmoo ua txhaum. Nws yuav teeb liab yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas kev ua haujlwm lossispauv chawntu.
• Qhov tseem ceeb txo qis hauv lub cheeb chaws:Pom tau thinning ntawm lubkhoom siv hluav taws xobKab vim yog mus rau sab nraud oxidation txo nws cov peev txheej tam sim no thiab lub zog kho tshuab. Cov qauv feem ntau txhais tau tias muaj kev nyab xeeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Ib zaug ibkhoom siv hluav taws xobseem mus txog qhov txwv no,yam pauv chawyog qhov tsim nyog. Saib xyuas lub cheeb hlasij hawmpab kwv yees liyam pauv chawtaw tes.
• Pom cov kab nrib pleb:Cov kab nrib pleb pom, txawm hais tias ntev (raws tusqho ntev) lossis transverse (hla txoj kab uas hla), yog cov cim ceeb toom loj. Cov kab nrib pleb tuaj yeem propagate sai sai nyob rau hauv thermal thiab kev ntxhov siab kev ntxhov siab, uas ua rau tsis ncaj ncees. Txawm tias cov kab nrib pleb me me lav tau saib xyuas, thiab cov tseem ceeb uas tseem tsim nyog tam sim ntawdyam pauv chawCov. Thermalceebyog ib tug neeg culprit ib txwm muaj.
• Spalling lossis nto puas:Chunks ntawmnpaimploj lawm los ntawmnplaim(spalling) qhia cov kev ntxhov siab los yog muaj peev xwm ua tau sab hauv. Sib sib zog nqus gouges los ntawm seem kev cuam tshuam kuj tseem tuaj yeem tsim cov ntsiab lus ntxhov siab. Tseem ceeb saum npoo kev puas tsuaj tsis muaj zog lubkhoom siv hluav taws xobthiab yuav tsum tauyam pauv chaw.
• Overheating ntawm pob qij txha:Discoloration lossis ci ntsa iab ntawm kev sib koom ntawmkhoom siv hluav taws xobntu qhia txog siabhluav taws xob tiv thaiv hluav taws xobntawm lubtus neeg yus paubtaw tes. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog vim kev ntxuav tsis zoo thaum lub sijhawmkev muab cia, tsis muaj tseeb zawm lub zog, lossis cov xov puas lawm. Kev sib koom ua ke overheating yog qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo tsis ua haujlwm; Cov kev txuas yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas, thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev yuav tsum tauyam pauv chaw.
• Cov Qauv Ua Haujlwm Txheej Txheem:Soj ntsuam cov qauv zoo li nce zuj zushluav taws xob tiv thaiv hluav taws xob, tsis ruaj khov arc tus cwj pwm (xav kom cov neeg teb tsav tsheb ntau zaus), lossis piav qhia tsis tauKev Siv Zogtuaj yeem taw tes ncaj qha raukhoom siv hluav taws xobCov teeb meem yuav tsum tau tshawb nrhiav thiab muaj peev xwmyam pauv chaw.
• Mus txog predefined ntev:Nyob rau hauv ntau txoj haujlwm,Cov Hluav Taws Xobsiv kom txog thaum lawv ncav cuag ib qho kev xav tsis thoobqho ntevCov. Qhov no feem ntau yog sau los ntawm cov neeg siv kev txwv ntawm lubkhoom siv hluav taws xobtuav lossis los xyuas kom muaj txausqho ntevnyob rau kev ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thaum lub sijhawmyam pauv chaw.

Kev kuaj xyuas ib txwm, ob qho tib si pom thiab muaj peev xwm siv cov cuab yeej ntsuas kev ntsuas, ua ke nrog kev soj ntsuamqho cubcov ntaub ntawv ua tau zoo, yog qhov tseem ceeb kom txheeb xyuas cov phiajcim no kom sai thiabxyuas kom meej tias cov electrode yam pauv chawtshwm sim ua ntej muaj teeb meem tshwm sim.

8. Yuav ua li cas feem ntau yog graphite hloov feem ntau yuav tsum tau?

Tushov ntauntawmGraph kaw electrode yam pauv chaw- Tshwj xeeb, ntxiv aTshiabNtu rau sab saum toj ntawm kem raws li hauv qab noj - nws nyias muaj nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej peb tau sib tham:qho cubNtaus thiab qhov loj me, kev ua haujlwm ua haujlwm,khoom siv hluav taws xobZoo, thiab hom ntawmhlauraug tsim tawm. Tsis muaj ib qho "ib-haum-haum-txhua" teb, tab sis peb tuaj yeem tham txog qhov tsis sib xws thiab lub tswvyim ntawmkev noj electrodetus nqi.

Kev noj electrodefeem ntau yog ntsuas hauv kilograms (kg) lossis phaus (lbs) ntawmnpaimnoj ib qho metric tuj (lossis luv tuj) ntawm cov kuahlautsim (kg / t lossis lbs / t). Zoo li ib txwmkev nojCov nqi tuaj yeem los ntawm:

• Niaj hnub nimno AC Fais fab arc rauv (EAF) siv UHP Electrodes:0.8 mus rau 2.5 kg / t (1.6 mus rau 5 lbs / t)
• DC hluav taws xob arc rauv taws (feem ntau qis dua noj):0.6 txog 1.8 kg / t (1.2 rau 3.6 lbs / t)
• Ladle Furnaces (LFS) (qis zog, rov ua kom pom tseeb):0.2 txog 0.8 kg / t (0.4 mus rau 1.6 lbs / t)
• Laus dua lossis tsawg dua cov cua sov, lossis cov scrap nyuaj:Cov nqi tuaj yeem ua tau siab dua.

Yog li, qhov no txhais lus li cas rauyam pauv chaw hov ntau? Cia peb xav txog ib qho piv txwv:
Ib tug loj uhpkhoom siv hluav taws xobTej zaum yog 600mm (24 ntiv tes) hauv txoj kab uas hla thiab 2700mm (106 ntiv) ntev, kg. Yog aqho cubtsim 100 tons ntawmhlaurau ib qho kub (batch) thiab muaj ib qhokev noj electrodetus nqi ntawm 1.5 kg / t, nws noj 150 kg ntawmnpaimrau ib qho kub (100 t1.5 kg / t).
Txhawm rau haus tag nrho cov kev siv tau qhov hnyav ntawm ib qhokhoom siv hluav taws xobNtu (cia peb kwv yees 1500 kg usable qhov hnyav), nws yuav siv kwv yees li 10 lub cua sov (1500 kg / 150 kg / tshav kub). Yog tusqho cubua tiav tshav kub txhua teev (kais-to-kais sijhawm), aTshiabNtu yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov kwv yees txhua 10 lub sijhawm ua haujlwmrau ib theem *. Txij li EAFs feem ntau muaj pebkhoom siv hluav taws xobTxhua (ntu theem), ayam pauv chaw(Ntxiv rau ntu tshiab rau ib qho ntawm cov kab ntawv) yuav tshwm sim ntxig txhua 3-4 teev ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov cub ntawm lub cub tawg.

Nov yog qhov kev daws teeb meem yooj yim, thiab qhov tseebyam pauv chawsij hawm yog nyob ntawm thaum twg ib qho tshwj xeebkhoom siv hluav taws xobkem ncav cuag cov ntsiab lus uas xav tau rau ntxiv ntu tshiab (feem ntau txiav txim los ntawm cov seemqho ntevsaum tus tuav). Cov sijhawm txij nkawm, npaj hnub poob qis, thiab cov xwm txheej uas tsis tau tso tseg tseem cuam tshuam txog lub sijhawm sijhawm. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog tiasyam pauv chawyog cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv hauv EAF kev ua haujlwm. Cov neeg ua haujlwmtsis tu ncuasaib xyuaskhoom siv hluav taws xob qho ntevthiab ntxiv cov ntu tshiab raws li xav tau, ntau zaus ntau zaus hauv ib hnub, rauceev ciatuskev phaisntawm lubHluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws XobCov. Yog li ntawd, muaj ib qho khoom siv tau ntseeg tau zooCov Hluav Taws Xobzoo li cov neeg los ntawm kev ntseeg siabGraphite electrode Hoobkasyog qhov tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam.

9. Dab tsi koom nrog kev nyab xeeb graphite hloov cov txheej txheem hloov?

Hloov ibGraph kaw electrodentu - tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ntxiv aTshiabMus rau sab saum toj ntawm cov kab ntawv uas twb muaj lawm - yog ib qho txheej txheem tseem ceeb uas xav tau precision, kev saib xyuas, thiab kev ua raws li kev nyab xeeb rau kev nyab xeeb cov kev cai. Muab qhov loj thiab qhov hnyav ntawm covCov Hluav Taws Xobthiab ib puag ncig kev puas tsuaj ntawm covqho cub, Kev nyab xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Kev tuav tsis ncaj ncees lossiskev muab ciatuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv puas tsuaj, ua haujlwm tsis zoo (zoo li siabkev tivpob qij txha), lossis cov xwm txheej hnyav. Mark Thompson, soj ntsuam nrog logistics thiab cov khoom lag luam zoo, yuav txaus siab rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim nyog kom cov khoom lag luam uas tuaj txogkev muab cia.

Cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj ntau kauj ruam:

1. Kev npaj:

   • TusTshiabntu, ua tiav nrog tus txiv mis uas txuas tau sib txuas nrog tus txiv mis uas txuas nrog (lossis tus txiv mis npaj kom nkag), yog coj mus rauqho cubthaj chaw uas siv cov khoom nqa uas tsim nyog (E.G., Nyiaj Siv Ua Haujlwm Crane nrog kev thauj tshwj xeeb uas muaj kev thauj khoom tshwj xeebkhoom siv hluav taws xobqhov (socketing).
   • Lub qhov muag saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm cov uas twb muaj lawmkhoom siv hluav taws xobkem hauv lubqho cub(tus xav tauyam pauv chaw) tau npaj. Lub hwj chim hloov tawm, thiab covkhoom siv hluav taws xobkem feem ntau tau tsa. Ib qho seem twg uas tseem tshuav ntawm lub txiv mis los ntawm cov ntu yav dhau los yuav tau muab tshem tawm.
   • Qhov tseem ceeb, ob lub npog qhov ncauj xov uas muaj cov khoom lag luam hluav taws xob uas twb muaj lawm (thiab xov threads yog tias txiv mis yog cais) nyob rau hauv electrode tshiab yuav tsum tau huv.Cov cua compressed yog feem ntau siv los tshuab tawm ib plua plav,npaimhais, lossis khib nyiab. Txawm hais tias me me me me tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev ua kom zoo thiabntxivHluav taws xobkev tiv.

2. Koom nrog ("ntxiv" ntawm electrode):

   • TusTshiabNtu yog ua tib zoo tsa thiab muab ncaj qha rau sab saud uas twb muaj lawm.
   • Nws yog maj mam txo qis, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nkauj, yog li lub nipple thells koom khov kho nrog lub ntsaws xov ntawm kem hauv qab no. Cov threading yuav tsum tau zam ntawm txhua tus nqi raws li nws ua rau lubnpaimThiab tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb sib txuas.
   • TusTshiabTom qab ntawd tig (feem ntau mechically) kom nruj qhov kev sib txuas.

3. Torquing:

   • Ib zaug txhais tes-nruj (lossis tshuab-snug), ib qho tshwj xeeb, ntsuas pom kev ua kom zoo nkauj lub zog siv los siv cov kev ua kom pom tseeb zaum kawg ntawm lubkhoom siv hluav taws xobChaw tsim tshuaj paus. Nov yog tej zaum qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.
   • Kho Torque Ua kom muaj nuj nqistus neeg yus paubsiab nruab nrab ntawm lubkhoom siv hluav taws xobntsej muag thiab txiv mis, txo qishluav taws xob tiv thaiv hluav taws xobthiab maximizing kho tshuab lub zog ntawm kev sib koom ua ke. Tsawg heev torque ua rau overheating thiab loosening; ntau dhau torque tauplebtuskhoom siv hluav taws xobqhov (lub qhov cub lossis txiv mis.

4. Cov tshev kawg:

   • Soj ntsuam pom tseeb tias kev sib koom ua ke yog zaum thiab ua ke.
   • Cov khoom siv tau tshem tawm.
   • Tuskhoom siv hluav taws xobkem tuaj yeem tom qab rov qab rau hauv txoj haujlwm, thiabqho cub kev phaistuaj yeem rov pib dua ib zaug nws muaj kev nyab xeeb.

Thoob plaws cov txheej txheem no, cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum siv cov khoom tiv thaiv tus kheej tsim nyog (PPE), ua raws cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb rau kev ua haujlwm ze ntawmqho cubthiab tuav cov nra hnyav, thiab xyuas kom meej kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov neeg teb xov tooj crane thiab covqho cubpem teb crew. Kev cob qhia kom zooTshem tawm cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xobThiab ua yeeb yam ntxiv yog qhov tseem ceeb. Qhov kev tsis txaus ntseeg no ua rau lubkhoom siv hluav taws xobUa haujlwm kom raug,Hluav Taws Xob Kev Tshaj Tawmyog tswj xyuas, thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev sib koom ua ke thaum lub sijhawm xav tausmeltKev voj voog yog tsawg.

10. Dhau li ntawm kev hloov: Koj tuaj yeem ua kom zoo tshaj lub neej thiab kev noj ntau dua?

ThaumHloov Hloov HloovntawmGraphite electrodesyog unavoidable, cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov tswj hwm tuaj yeem siv ntau cov tswv yim los ua kom lawv lub neej zoo thiabua kom me duatag nrhokev noj electrodetus nqi (kg / t). Tsawgkev nojncaj qha txhais cov nqi ua haujlwm qis, txhim khoua tau zoo, thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig. Qhov no yuav tsum muaj cov kev ua kom zoo, saib txhua yam ntawm kev so kom sov ua cov kev coj ua.

• Tau qhov twg los cov khoom siv zoo:Pib nrog sab xiskhoomCov. Koom tes nrog cov chaw tsim khoom uas ntseeg tau (zoo li allen lub Hoobkas hauv Suav teb) uas tsim tawmCov Hluav Taws Xob(piv txwv li,High-fais fab graphite electrode) Lub rooj sib tham zoo raws li cov txiaj ntsig zoo (tsawgkev tiv, siab ntom, zoo thermalkev poob siab tsis kam, kho lub tshuab machining) muab lub hauv paus zoo dua rau kev ua tau zoo. Xyuas kom cov neeg xa khoom muab pov thawj siv tau (ISO cov qauv, cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb), hais cim Pompson kev txhawj xeeb txogdaim ntawv pov thawj kev dag.

• Txhim kho cov cub hluav taws xob ua haujlwm:

  • Lub Hwj Chim Pab:Tsim thiab siv cov khoom siv zoo profiles ua rau cov khoom sib xyaw tshwj xeeb thiab melting theem. Zam kev ua haujlwm ntev dhau.
  • Arc Txoj Cai:Tus ua haujlwm tshaj tawm rauceev ciaCov arcs ruaj khov thiab siv tsis siv neeg cov cai tswj cov qauv zoo.
  • Foamy slag xyaum:Master txoj kev kos duab ntawm kev tsim thiab tswj kom zoo foamy slag txheej los tuav lubCov Hluav Taws Xoblos ntawm arc hluav taws xob thiabpaCov. Qhov no feem ntau yog ib qho kev hloov ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws rauua kom me duakev xav txog kev siv oxidation.
  • Cov pa Control:Txo cov cua hauv cov cua rau hauvqho cublos ntawm kev siv se zoo. Siv txheej txheempa(lancing) jeticiously thiab zoo.
  • Txo lub sij hawm fais fab tuag:Kev khiav haujlwm rauua kom me duaCoj mus rhaub-rau-kais lub sijhawm, lub ntsiab lus tsawg duasij hawmtusCov Hluav Taws Xobyog nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim (thiab noj) ib tuj ntawmhlau.

• Txhim kho kev tuav thiab kev teeb tsa:

  • Ceev faj tuav:Siv cov cuab yeej siv sijhawm tsim nyog thiab zam kev cuam tshuam thaum thauj khoom, cia, thiabkev muab ciaTxhawm rau tiv thaiv cov kab nrib pleb thiab kev puas tsuaj. Lub labCov Hluav Taws Xobnyob rau hauv ahuv, qhuav qhov chaw.
  • Tshaj Plaws Cov Koom Tes:Hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntxuav tu ntawm xov thiab cov thom khwm thiab meej torque daim ntawv thov thaumkhoom siv hluav taws xobntxiv. Qhov kev sib koom ua ke tsawg nokev tivthiab tiv thaiv tsis tiav.

• Txiav txim siab tiv thaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiv thaiv:Qee qhov kev ua haujlwm siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb lossis antioxidant coings lubkhoom siv hluav taws xobTaug kev. Cov txheej txheej no ua raws li kev thaiv, maj mam txo tus nqi ntawm oxidation, tshwj xeeb hauv thaj chaw raug rau qhov kub tshaj plaws ntawm covqho cubhuab cua saum cov kab slag. Qhov ua tau zoo thiab tus nqi txiaj ntsig yuav tsum tau ntsuam xyuas rau txhua qhov tshwj xeebkev phais.

• Tu txij nkawm:Xyuas kom raws sijhawmkhontawmkhoom siv hluav taws xobCov tuav, clamps, caj npab, thiab tshuab txias txias. Zoo hluav taws xobtus neeg yus paubNtawm tus tuav yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev zamlub zog poobthiab overheating. Saikhotej dej ntws hauvqho cubCov ntoo txias txias.

Los ntawm kev coj ua cov kev ntsuas no, steelmakers tuaj yeem tswj hwm thiabua kom me dualawv liGraph kaw electrode kev noj, Tsiv nws los ntawm kev lees txais, tus nqi tsis tuaj yeem ntawm kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm tau sib txawv. Qhov kev ua kom muaj zog no tsis tsuas yog txuag nyiaj xwbCov Hluav Taws XobTab sis kuj ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua,ua tau zoo, thiab tsim khoomqho cub.

Tseem Ceeb Takaways: Graphite Hloov

• Cov muaj nuj nqi tseem ceeb: Graphite electrodesyog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev coj ua siabnoj fai fabdej ntwsyaj hlauhauvFais arc rauvVim lawv cov khoom tshwj xeeb.
• Kev tau txais kev pab: Cov Hluav Taws Xobyog cov neeg uas hnav tau vimkhaus tshav kub(Tswv yim sublimation),tshuaj lus teb pauj ib yam(oxidation ntawm sab nraud xyuas), thiab muaj peev xwm ua kom lub cev puas tsuaj (tawg, spalling).
• Kev cuam tshuam:Raws sij hawmyam pauv chawyog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwmqho cub ua tau zoo, ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov, txo qisKev Siv Zog, thiab kev tiv thaiv tus nqi them nyiaj los ntawmkhoom siv hluav taws xobtsis ua hauj lwm.
• Cuam tshuam cov ntsiab lus: Kev noj electrodeCov nqi yog cuam tshuam los ntawmkhoom siv hluav taws xobZoo,qho cubKev khiav hauj lwm tsis muaj (fai fab hov ntau, Tam sim no, oxygen siv), kev coj ua swb, thiab hom tshuaj.
• Tswj kev ua haujlwm:Ceev faj tuav, kom tsim nyogkev muab cia(Kev tu thiab pob qij txha ua ke), cov neeg teb xov tooj txuj kev tswj hwm ntawm lub arc, thiab zookhoTseem Ceebkhoom siv hluav taws xoblub neej.
• Cov paib rau Hloov:Saib rau kev hnav khaub ncaws ntau dhau, cov kab mob uas pom, pom tawg, txhav, overheating, lossis mus txog qhov chaw qis tsawgqho ntev.
• Cov Tswv Yim Kom Zoo: Ua kom me dua kev nojlos ntawm kev siv cov khoom zooCov Hluav Taws Xob, Txhim kho cov zog hluav taws xob thiab cov kev coj ua swb, minimizing cua ingress, ua kom pom kev ua ke dav, thiab muaj feem siv tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv.Hloov Hloov Hloov yuav tsum yogib feem ntawm cov phiaj xwm npaj tau.