Ke wehe nei i ka hiki o ke kiʻi kiʻi pyrolytic: nā waiwai a me nā noi

ʻO ka kiʻi kiʻi pyroytic kahiʻano kūʻokoʻa o ka kiʻi me nā waiwai'ē aʻe, e hana nui ana i nāʻoihana nui. ʻO nāʻatikala kēiaʻatikala i loko o nā hiʻohiʻona, ka hanaʻana, a me nā noi a me nā noi oʻO ka myrolytic kiʻi, e hōʻike ana i ke kumu o ke kumu o ke koho no ke koiʻana i nāʻenehana technological. Eʻimi mākou i kānaʻano hana kūʻokoʻa, nā waiwai a me nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā mea e pono ai, a pehea e hāʻawi ai kēia mau mea i nā mea uila mai nā eleerpeace. No nā poʻe loea e like me Mark Thompson, hiki i ka hoʻomaopopoʻana i kēia mau kiko'ī ke hāʻawi i kahi kihi hoʻokūkū ma ka mākeke honua.

1. He aha keʻano pyrolytic?

ʻO ka myrolytic kiʻiheʻano kūʻokoʻa, hanaʻia i hanaʻia o ke kiʻi i hanaʻia ma o ke kaʻina hanaKaulua(Cvd). ʻAʻole like me ke kiʻi kūlohelohe a iʻole ke kiʻi maʻamau,ʻO ka myrolytic kiʻihe kumu polycrystal Eia nō naʻe,ʻo kēia mau crystalsʻOluʻolu loa, haawi maiʻO ka myrolytic kiʻikekahi mau waiwai kūikawā kūikawā. ʻO ka mea like e like me ke kiʻi i hoʻokumuʻia i ka wāhydrocarctionʻO ke kīwī (e like me keʻano like me ka methane) i hoʻomehanaʻiaʻO ka hapalua kiʻekiʻei loko o kahi lewa. Ke kumu nei kēia i ke kinoeaDecompose, a me nakaila atoms e waiho i ka papa ma ka papa ma luna o kaKukulu.

ʻO kēia ke kiʻi i ke kīʻiaʻO ka myrolytic kiʻi. ^. Hoʻohālike ia e hoʻopaʻaʻia i nā'āpana he nui o nā pepa. Hōʻike kēlā me kēia pepa i kahi papa oGraphene, ma heakaila atoms ua hoʻopaʻa paʻaʻia i loko o kahi lattice hexagonal. ʻO kēia mau mea paʻa i loko o ka mokulele he ikaika ikaika loaNā papa kiʻinui nā mea nāwaliwali (van der wals reeces). ʻO kēiaʻokoʻa ma ka ikaika paʻa ma waena o ka mokulele a ma waho o ka mokulele, e kumu i ka mea i loaʻaAninoropopy.

2. Pehea e hanaʻia ai ka kiʻi pyrolytic? Ke nānā aku i ke kaʻina hana.

ʻO ka hanaʻana oʻO ka myrolytic kiʻipili i kahi kaʻina hana iʻikeʻia e like me ke kemikaKāohi hewa. ^. Pono, ahydrocarctionʻO ka mea, e like me ka metane (ch4), e hoʻokomoʻia i loko o kahi lumi hakahaka i loaʻa i kahiKukulu. ^. Uaʻoluʻolu loa ka hale nohoʻO ka hapalua kiʻekiʻe, maʻamau ma ka laulā o 2000 ° C i 3000 ° C. ʻO kēia wela wela e kumu aihydrocarctionhau iDecompose- kahi kaʻina iʻikeʻiaPyrolysis.

I ka wāPyrolysis, o kakaila atoms mai ka hale decomposed i waihoʻia ma kaKukulu. ^. Ua hoʻonohonohoʻo Atoms iā lākou iho i kahi kūlana i kauohaʻia, hoʻonohonohoʻia, hanaʻO ka myrolytic kiʻi. ^. Ka helu oKaulua, ka mahana, a me ke kaomiʻana i loko o ke keʻena ma ke keʻena āpau e mālama ponoʻia e hoʻoikaika i nā waiwai hope o kaʻO ka myrolytic kiʻi. ^. Mālamaʻia ka pale ma luna o kēia mau'āpana no ka hanaʻana i ka hana a ka mea,Ka HōʻaʻO Kokua, a me na hiʻohiʻona'ē aʻe.
Hiki i kēia ke komo pūnā pepa kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi.

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'Ōlelonā waiwai o ka kiʻi kiʻi pyrolyticstem pololei mai konaʻano kūʻokoʻa,ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o keʻano. Hoʻokumu kēia i nā mea nui loa i loko o kānaʻano e pili ana i ke kuhikuhi. Eia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi:

• Aninoropy:ʻO kēia paha keʻano o ka weheweheʻana oʻO ka myrolytic kiʻi. ^. ʻO nā waiwai nui loa. I loko o ka mokulele o nā'āpana (In-Plane), e hōʻike ana i ka maikaʻi loathermalamea kūʻai uila. ^. Eia nō naʻe, ma kakuhikuhi i ke kuhikuhii nā papa hana, ua hōʻemi nuiʻia kēia mau waiwai.
• Ka hoʻokele wahine kiʻekiʻe (ma-mokulele): ʻO ka myrolytic kiʻinā wai likeʻoleKa HōʻaʻO Kokuame ke kapa o kona mau papa, he nui loa loa o ke keleawe maʻOihana lumi.
• ʻO ka hoʻokele haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (perpendicular i ka mokulele):Hoʻohui,ʻo iaKa HōʻaʻO Kokuahe haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa i nā paila he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa, e hana ana i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi loa ma kēlā ala.
• ʻO Diamagnetism: ʻO ka myrolytic kiʻihe ikaikaʻO nā mea maʻi Diamagnetic, ke anomagnetickahua. ʻO kahi waiwai kēia waiwai.
• ʻO ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe:Hiki ke ikaikaʻO ka hapalua kiʻekiʻeI loko o nā lewa alohaʻole me kaʻole o ka hōʻino nui.
• E kapela ma mua: ʻO ka myrolytic kiʻiaia nō hoʻihui pu, e mālama ana i nā maʻi me nā mea he nui.

4 No ke aha ke kumu o ka laweʻana o Pyrolytic kiʻi kiʻi i keʻano he mea kupanaha?

IhanaʻO keʻano o ka thermal i ka kiʻi kiʻi pyolytici loko o ka mokulele o kona mau'āpana ma muli o keʻano kūpono o nā phonons (vibrations) ma o ka paʻa paʻakaila atomPūnaewele. E noʻonoʻo e like me ka neʻeʻana o ka nalu e hele wikiwiki ana ma o kahi paʻa, paʻa i nā mea i hoʻopaʻaʻia ma mua o kahiʻano,ʻaʻole i hoʻokuʻuʻia. Nā mea paʻa ikaika i loko o kaGrapheneHāʻawi i nā alaloa i kahi ala i maopopo no kēia mau leo ​​e holo me ka paleʻana o ka liʻiliʻi. 'ŌleloKa HōʻaʻO Kokuahiki i kaʻelima mau manawa o ke keleawe.

Eia naʻe, no ka mea ma waena o nā mea paʻa ma waena o kaNā papa kiʻināwaliwali (van dra wals rescess), paʻakikī nā phonons i ka wela ma waena o nā'āpana. Ua wehewehe kēia i ka haʻahaʻaKa HōʻaʻO Kokuai ke ala kūpono. Hana kēia i kēia mea i kūpono nosinks wela.

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Aninoropopy, e like me ka mea i'ōlelo muaʻia, heʻano kumu kumu oʻO ka myrolytic kiʻi. ^. ʻO ia keʻano o ka waiwai o nā waiwai a nā mea e pili ana i ke ala. ʻO kēia kahi hopena kūpono loa o kānaʻano hoʻonohonoho. He lāʻau maikaʻi maikaʻi ka mea hana:ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana i ka lāʻau ma mua o ka palaoa ma mua o ia.

He mea nui kēia alakaʻi alakaʻi no nā noi he nui. No ka laʻana,ʻo kona kiʻekiʻeIn-Plane Thermal Conductiesa me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻaKa HōʻaʻO KokuaE hana kūpono no nā mea wela wela i nā mea uila, kūpono i ka wela wela mai nā mea pili i ka wā e pale ai i nā wahi'ē aʻe. Ka hiki keKe Mauheanā papa oʻO ka myrolytic kiʻi, like me peheamicE hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻia, nā mea kanu mai kēiaAninoropopy.

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Kaʻokoʻanā waiwai o ka kiʻi kiʻi pyrolyticE hana kūpono no ka nui o nā noi e pili ana i nā noi, he nui o nā mea e hoʻonui ai i kāna mau mea arisotrop antiolrpic a me nā waiwai uila. Aia kekahi mau hoʻohana ke hoʻohanaʻana:

• ʻO nā pālahalaha wela a me nāʻeha wela:INā Kūlana uila, ʻO ka myrolytic kiʻihoʻohanaʻia e hoʻokaʻawale i kaʻO ka wela i hanaʻiae nā'āpana, pale i ka paleʻana a me ka hōʻoiaʻana i ka hana hilinaʻi.
• Nā lawaiʻa a me nā kuʻuna:ʻO ka paleʻana o keʻano kiʻekiʻe a me keʻano o keʻano e hana ai i nā mea kūpono kūpono no nā mea he nui i hoʻohanaʻia ma nā kaʻina hana metallirgical kiʻekiʻe.
• MOOLIAPHROMROURS:Hoʻohana pinepineʻia ma X-Ray, a me nā Monochromator.
• Nā noi noi Biomedical:Ua alakaʻiʻia kāna biocompatibility i kāna hoʻohanaʻana i kekahi mau mea lapaʻau.
• Kahua makahiki Aerospace meroespace:ʻO keʻano kiʻekiʻe a me konaʻano māmā a me keʻano māmā e hana ai i nā noi aerospace ma Aerospace.
• E nānā ana i ka microscopy:Pyrolytic kiʻi kiʻi,ʻoi loaʻO ka kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi nui loa, i hoʻohanaʻia e like meKukuluno kakaohiʻana i ka puʻeʻanamicroscopy (stm) ma muli o kāna papa pākaukau, ka papa hana. Hiki ke hoʻopaʻaʻia i nā manawa he nui.

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I kaNā Kūlana uilaasemiconduc pānā hanahao,ʻO ka myrolytic kiʻie pāʻani ana i kahi hana koʻikoʻi ma ka hoʻokele Thermal. Hoʻolau i nā uila ma nā makahiki he nui, a he koʻikoʻi ka dissipation no ka hana a me ka lōʻihi.ʻO ka myrolytic kiʻi'SʻokoʻaIn-Plane Thermal Conductieshana ia i kahi mea maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻolahaʻana i ka wela wela mai nā wahi wela, e like me nā mea hana a me nā mea hoʻonaninani a me nā mana a me nā mea hana a me nā mana.

Eia kekahi, kona haʻahaʻaKa HōʻaʻO KokuaE kōkua i ka mokulele e kōkua i ka wela e hoʻokaʻawale i ka wela wela, paleʻole mai ia mai e pili ana i ka piliʻana i nā mea pili kokoke. Keʻano māmā, māmā o kanā pepa kiʻi kiʻi kiʻiHana pū lākou iā lākou i ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā mea e hoʻohālikelike ai i nā polokalamu uila uila i kaupalenaʻia kahi palena. E hoʻohanaʻia nā mea i lokoNā wahie feelno kaʻO ka mālamaʻana i ka ikaika.

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ʻOiai keʻano o nāʻano kiʻi kiʻi o ke kiʻina i keʻano hexagonal maʻamau,ʻO ka myrolytic kiʻikū ma muli o kāna kauoha i kauohaʻia, i hoʻopaʻaʻia. Hāʻawi kēia i nā mea'ē aʻe i hoʻohālikelikeʻia i nāʻano'ē aʻe, e like me:

• Palapala kūlohelohe:Minmed mai ka honua,ʻo ka kiʻi kūlohelohe kahi i kauohaʻia ma muaʻO ka myrolytic kiʻi, ka hopena o ka haʻahaʻathermalamea kūʻai uila.
• ʻO ke kiʻi maʻamauOoleKiʻi kiʻi kiʻi:ʻO kēia ka mea maʻamau'Blaʻeleʻelea me kahi mea paʻa, a laila i kālaiʻia a kiʻiʻia. Heʻano nui loaʻo ITOTROPIC (nā waiwai e like me nā kuhikuhi āpau) i hoʻohālikelikeʻiaʻO ka myrolytic kiʻi.
• Cigphene:OiaiʻO ka myrolytic kiʻii hanaʻia e stickedGrapheneNā papa, hoʻokahiGraphenehe mau mea hou aku paha. Eia nō naʻe, e pili ana i nā mea nui, nā'āpana manuahiGraphenenoho mau i kahi paʻakikī.

Ke hoʻohālikelike nei i kēia mau meaʻelua,ʻO ka myrolytic kiʻiE hoʻokaʻawale i kahi kaulike ma waena o ka hana a me ka hana hana, e hana ana i kahi koho kūpono no nā noi he nui. E nānā i kaʻO nā poloka PLACK PLACK BLOCKʻAoʻao huahana.

9. He aha nā palena a me nā pilikia o ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka kiʻi pyrolytic?

ʻOiaiʻo kāna mau hana he nui,ʻO ka myrolytic kiʻiLoaʻa i kekahi mau kaupalena:

• Brittleness:Hiki iā ia ke pili i ka bluetled a me ka hanaʻana i ka paleʻana, no ka mea nui o nā mokulele Claivage.
• Kālā:Hiki i ke kaʻina hana CVD ke kūʻai aku, ke kūʻai aku nei, e hana anaʻO ka myrolytic kiʻiʻoi aku ka uku ma mua o nāʻanoʻano'ē aʻe.
• Momona:ʻOiai hiki ke hoʻohuiʻia, hiki i konaʻano aninorplay hiki ke hoʻokō i ka hoʻokūkūʻana e hoʻokō i nāʻano kūlike a me nā hana kuʻuna. 'ŌleloCrystallithiʻenaawailohelohehiki ke hopena i kēia.
• ʻO Oxidation ma nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe:ʻOiai ke kūpaʻa i loko o nā lewa o nā mea aloha,ʻO ka myrolytic kiʻihiki i ka oxidize (hana me ka oxygen) mamahana kiʻekiʻeI ka lewa, ke kaupalenaʻana i kāna hoʻohanaʻana i kekahi mau noi kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o nā pale pale pale. Pono e mālamaʻia ma lalo400 ° C.

10.ʻO ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi: nā noi e puka mai ana a me ka noiʻi.

Ke hoʻomau nei ka noiʻiʻana eʻimi i nā noi hou a me nā noi hoihoiʻO ka myrolytic kiʻi. ^. ʻO nā wahi hoihoi e pili ana:

• Ma muli o ka hoʻokele Thermal Setmal:E like me nā mea uila e hoʻomau a lilo i ikaika a lilo i ikaika,ʻoi aku ka pono o nā hopena wela e holo hou aiʻO ka myrolytic kiʻi-ʻO nā mea waiwai.
• E mālama i ka mālamaʻana:Iamea kūʻai uilaa hanaʻia i keʻano e hana ai i kahi mana kūpono no ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā pahu a me nā supercapacitors. ʻO ka waihonameaʻoluʻolu.
• Nā kānaka:ʻO kāna mau waiwai kūʻokoʻa e noiʻiʻia no ka hoʻohanaʻana i nāʻanoʻano likeʻole.
• ʻO kaʻenehana biomedical:ʻO ka noiʻi houʻana i loko o kāna biocompatibility e alakaʻi i nā noi hou i nā polokalamu lapaʻau i nā polokalamu lapaʻau a me nā mea kūʻai aku.
  * Nā haʻawina o nā moleculesHoʻohana kaʻepekema i ka hopi ma keʻano he substrate e aʻo ai i nāʻano likeʻoleNā molepula arlecules. ^. Hāʻawiʻo Hopg i kahihōʻike i ka papa maʻemaʻeʻOiai ma hope o ke koenaea no nā hola. ^. Hiki i ka substrateE hoʻopaʻa i nā molecules ** a hāʻawi i kahi mokulele no ka mokulele.
• NaKanou: KaNaKanouuaʻikeʻia e hōʻikeKUERinaUMAKAKAMAHUIAʻano.

ʻO nā kiʻi nui: Pyrolytic kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi

• ʻO ka myrolytic kiʻiheʻanoʻano kūʻokoʻa o ke kiʻi me kahi mea i kauohaʻia ai, i hoʻopaʻaʻia.
• Hōʻike ia i kaʻokoʻaAninoropopy, me ke kiʻekiʻethermalamea kūʻai uilaI ka mokulele o nā papa a me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka mokulele.
• Ua hanaʻia ma o ka vapor chemikaKaulua (Pyrolysis), kahi kaʻina e hiki ai i ke kāohiʻana ma luna o kāna mau waiwai.
• Nā noi nui e komo ai i nā mea hoʻolaha wela, nā brucablests, nā mea kanu aserpace, a me nā mea e pili ana i ka microscopy.
• He mea waiwai nui ia i lokoNā Kūlana uilaa me nā semiconductors no ka hoʻokeleʻana o ka Thermal.
• ʻOiaiʻoi aku ka nui o nā haʻahaʻa ma mua o kekahi mauʻano kiʻi o ke kiʻi, ua hōʻoiaʻiʻo kona mau waiwai kūʻokoʻa i kāna hoʻohanaʻana i nā noi noi.
• Keʻimi neiʻo Ongoning noiʻi i nā noi hou ma ka mālamaʻana i ka ikaika, nā mea akamai, a me kaʻenehana biomedical.
• E hoʻomanaʻo eʻimi i kā mākouʻO ka lāʻau kiʻekiʻe 99.9% pahu pahu pahuaʻO ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ke kiʻiʻana i ke kiʻiNāʻaoʻao huahana.
• E noʻonoʻo iā mākou no kāuNā huahana Electrodepono.
  ʻO ka delocalized delocalizedΠ Lalakauma luna o kahana i nā'āpana grapherke kuleana no ka electricalke ola a me ka thermalkūmole.
• He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i kadelocalized π-Hoʻokāma waena o nā palee hana i nā hoʻoholo kūʻaiʻana.