Buɗe yiwuwar zane mai hoto na pyrolytic: Properties da Aikace-aikace

Pyrolytic Dristite wani yanki ne na musamman na zane mai ban sha'awa, yana yin muhimmuwa mai mahimmanci a masana'antu masu yawa. Wannan labarin ya shiga cikin halaye, samar da aikace-aikace daban-daban naPyroytic zane, nuna dalilin da yasa kayan abu ne na zabi don neman mahalli na fasaha. Zamu bincika tsarinta na musamman, kaddarorin lantarki, da yadda waɗannan suke ba da gudummawa ga amfaninta a cikin komai daga lantarki zuwa Aerospace. Ga kwararru kamar Mark Thompson, fahimtar waɗannan bayanai na iya bayar da gefen gasa a kasuwar duniya.

1. Menene ainihin hoto mai hoto?

Pyroytic zanewani yanki ne na musamman, wanda aka kirkiri wani tsari ne wanda aka samar ta hanyar tsari da ake kira tururuwa masu gubaajiya(CVD). Ba kamar zane mai zane ko kuma zane-zane na yau da kullun ba,Pyroytic zaneabu ne na polycrystalline, ma'ana shi ya ƙunshi yawancin lu'ulu'u masu zane zane. Koyaya, waɗannan lu'ulu'u nesosai daidaitacce, bayarwaPyroytic zanewasu kaddarorin musamman. Kayan kama da aka kirkiro da zane yayinhydrocarbongas (kamar methane) yana zuwa sosaibabban zazzabia cikin yanayin inertpherphere. Wannan yana haifar da gas zuwabazu, daCarbon Atoms an adana Layer ta hanyarsubstrate.

Wannan tsarin da aka shimfida shine mabuɗin fahimtaPyroytic zane. Yayi kama da tara takardun zanen gado da yawa na takarda. Kowane takarda yana wakiltar Layer nagraMhe, a inaCarbon Atoms an haɗa ɗaure a cikin lattice na hexagonal. Waɗannan shaidu a cikin jirgin suna da ƙarfi sosai (daidaitattun haɗin gwiwa), amma shaidu tsakaninyadudduka zaneda yawa seaker (van der willal sojojin). Wannan bambanci a cikin ƙarfin haɗin haɗin gwiwar tsakanin jirgin da kuma daga jirgin sama, yana haifar da kayan da za a samuanotropy.

2. Ta yaya aka yi zane-zane na Pyrolytic? Kalli tsarin ajiya.

SamunPyroytic zaneya ƙunshi tsari mai ƙarfi da aka sani da sunadaraiDaski. Da gaske, ahydrocarbonGas, kamar methane (ch4), an gabatar da shi a cikin gidan jirgin da ke dauke dasubstrate. Ana mai zafi zuwa ga musammanbabban zazzabi, yawanci a cikin kewayon 2000 ° C zuwa 3000 ° C. Wannan zafin zafin yana haifar dahydrocarbongas zuwabazu- tsari da aka sani dapyrolysis.

A lokacinpyrolysis, daCarbon Atoms daga gas na gas an ajiye shi a kansubstrate. A kwarin zarra suna shirya kansu a cikin umarnin sosai, tsarin da aka yiwaPyroytic zane. Kudiajiya, zazzabi, da matsin lamba a cikin ɗakin duk ana sarrafa su a hankali don yin tasiri a kan kaddarorin ƙarshe naPyroytic zane. Kula da waɗannan sigogi yana ba da damar ingancin kayan aikin,A halin da ake yi na thereral, da sauran halaye.
Wannan na iya haɗawa daPyrolytic zane zane.

3. Menene mahimman kadarorin Pyrolytic?

Dakaddarorin pyroolytic zane-zanekara kai tsaye daga na musamman, tsari mai ma'ana wanda aka kirkira shi. Wannan yana haifar da bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin halayenta dangane da shugabanci. Anan akwai wasu mahimman halaye:

• Animotropy:Wannan wata alama ce taPyroytic zane. Abubuwan da suke da jagora sosai. A cikin jirgin ruwa na yadudduka (in-jirgin sama), ya nuna kyakkyawanrashin ƙarfidaAikin lantarki. Koyaya, a cikinDirebiya ta ƙarewaGa yadudduka, ana rage waɗannan kaddarorin.
• Babban ma'aurara (A-Wane): Pyroytic zaneyi alfahari da na musammanA halin da ake yi na thereralgefen jirginsa na yadudduka, har ma da jan jan karfe azazzabi daki.
• Yawan halayen da ke ƙasa (perpendicular zuwa jirgin sama):Sabanin, taA halin da ake yi na thereralA bayyane yake ga yadudduka yana da ƙasa sosai, yana sanya shi kyakkyawan insulal mai banƙyama a waccan hanyar.
• Diamagnessism: Pyroytic zanemai karfi neDiamagnetic kayan, ma'ana shi ya bayyanamagneticfilayen. Wannan dukiyar ma anisotropic.
• Babban kwanciyar hankali na zazzabi:Zai iya tsayayya da sosaibabban zazzabiA cikin yanayin INETTHERS ba tare da lalacewa mai mahimmanci ba.
• Surserness na sinadarai: Pyroytic zanene in mun gwada dam, tsayayya da halayen tare da magunguna da yawa.

4. Me ya sa ake aiwatar da tsarin yanayin yanayin yanayin aikin pyrolytic wanda ya zama abin mamaki?

Na kwaraiYin amfani da yanayin aikin pyrolyticA jirgin ruwan sa ya kasance saboda ingantaccen motsi na phonons (girgizar) ta hanyar ɗaureCarbon Atomhanyar sadarwa. Ka yi tunanin shi kamar raƙuman ruwa da sauri ta hanyar m abu, tam packed abu fiye da ta kwance, ya ruɗe. Da karfi mai karfi povental a cikingraMheYadudduka suna ba da bayyananniyar hanya don waɗannan rawar jiki don tafiya tare da ƙananan juriya. DaA halin da ake yi na thereralna iya zuwa sau biyar da na tagulla.

Koyaya, saboda shaidu tsakaninyadudduka zanesuna da rauni (Van Der Warce Pops), sautin waya suna da wahalar canja wurin zafi a kan yadudduka. Wannan ya bayyana lowA halin da ake yi na thererala cikin madaidaiciyar shugabanci. Wannan ya sa wannan abun ya dace dazafi.

5. Binciken yanayin zane mai hoto na pyrolytic.

Anotropy, kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, halayyar ce ta asaliPyroytic zane. Yana nufin cewa kaddarorin kayan sun bambanta da kan hanyar. Wannan sakamakon ne na kai tsaye da tsarin da yake da shi. Kyakkyawan kwatanci shine itace: abu ne mai sauƙin sauƙaƙe itace a kan hatsi fiye da yadda yake.

Wannan dogaro na shugabanci yana da mahimmanci ga yawancin aikace-aikacen sa. Misali, babbaA cikin-jirgin ruwa na jirgin samada ƙananan perpendicarA halin da ake yi na thereralSanya shi daidai ga masu zafi a cikin na'urorin lantarki, yadda yakamata zana zafin rana daga abubuwan da suka faru yayin hana shi daga yaduwa zuwa wasu yankuna. Da ikonallainyadudduka naPyroytic zane, kama da yaddaKarinaan tsallake, kuma mai tushe daga wannananotropy.

6. Menene aikace-aikacen gama gari na zane-zane na Pyrolytic?

Na musammankaddarorin pyroolytic zane-zaneSanya ta dace da ɗakunan aikace-aikace, da yawa daga cikin ficewar ta thermal therellal da kaddarorin lantarki. Wasu samfuran amfani sun haɗa da:

• Masu ba da zafi da zafi na zafi:ANa'urorin lantarki, Pyroytic zaneana amfani dashi don lalata yadda ya kamataHeatal da aka samarTa hanyar abubuwan haɗin, hana yin zafi da tabbatar da abin dogara tsari.
• Murmushi da molds:Tsakanin zafin jiki da keyewa da keyewa mai guba ya sanya shi kayan da ya dace don crucibles da ake amfani da su a cikin ayyukan methering methacurmy.
• Monochratorors:Amfani da shi a cikin X-ray, da kuma neutron monochromators.
• Aikace-aikacen BiomEdial:Yana da kuskurenta ya haifar da amfani da shi a wasu implants na likita.
• Abubuwan da aka gyara Aerospace:Tsarin kwanciyar hankali da yanayin yanayi mai nauyi ya sa ya zama mai mahimmanci a aikace-aikacen Aerospace.
• Binciken bincike na microsccy:Pyroytic zane-zane, musammansosai orlyited pyrolytic zane-zane, ana amfani dashi azamansubstratedon \ dominbincika bincikemicroscopy (stm) saboda lebur, farfajiya. Ana iya tsabtace shi sau da yawa.

7. Shirin Pyrolyttic a cikin na'urorin lantarki da semicontorors

A cikinNa'urorin lantarkidasemiconductorMasana'antu,Pyroytic zaneYana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin sarrafa zafi. Jeka yawan zafi na zamani, da kuma ingantaccen distipation yana da mahimmanci ga aikin da tsawon rai.Pyroytic zaneNa kwaraiA cikin-jirgin ruwa na jirgin samaYana sanya shi kyakkyawan abu don yadawa da zafin rana daga aibobi masu zafi, kamar masu aiwatarwa da masu sarrafawa.

Bugu da ƙari, lowA halin da ake yi na thereralPerpendicular ga jirgin yana taimakawa wajen ware zafi, yana hana shi tasiri shafukan da ke kusa da juna. Da bakin ciki, lightweight yanayi naPyrolytic zane zaneHakanan yasa basu dace da amfani da na'urorin lantarki inda sarari yake da iyaka. Hakanan za'a yi amfani da kayan a cikiKwayoyin man feturdon \ dominAdana mai karfi.

8. Ta yaya kwatancen pyrorolytic ya kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan hoto?

Duk da yake duk nau'ikan zane zane suna raba ainihin tsarin carbon na hexagonal,Pyroytic zaneya fito ne saboda gwargwadon ƙarfinsa, tsarin da aka sanya shi. Wannan yana ba shi daban kwarai idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan, kamar:

• Graphite na halitta:Mined daga duniya, zane na halitta yana da tsarin da aka ba da umarninPyroytic zane, sakamakon ƙanananrashin ƙarfidaAikin lantarki.
• Talakawa PhotkoGraphite mai ban sha'awa:Wannan yawanci ana samarwa dagaCarbon BlackKuma mai ƙwaro ne, sai a dafa shi da hoto. Yana da tsarin ƙarin tsari (kaddarorin iri ɗaya ne a cikin duka kwatance) idan aka kwatanta daPyroytic zane.
• Graphene:Lokacin daPyroytic zaneya kasance mai kamuwa da shigraMheyadudduka,-LayergraMheya ma fi na musamman kaddarorin. Koyaya, samar da manyan, maƙaryacin zanen gado nagraMheya kasance kalubale.

Kwatanta waɗannan kayan biyu,Pyroytic zaneya buge daidaitawa tsakanin aiki da abubuwan halittu, yana sanya shi zabi mai amfani don aikace-aikace da yawa. Duba dagaBabban ƙarfin zane mai hotoShafin Samfurin.

9. Menene iyakoki da ƙalubalen amfani da zane mai hoto na Pyrolytic?

Duk da yawancin fa'idodinsa,Pyroytic zaneyana da wasu iyakoki:

• Hukumar Kabilar:Zai iya zama da ƙarfi da ƙarfi don fatattaka, musamman tare da mulkokin wanke.
• Kudin:Tsarin samar da CVD na iya zama tsada, yinPyroytic zanemafi tsada fiye da wasu nau'ikan zane.
• Macki:Yayin da za'a iya yin amfani da shi, yanayin yanayinsa na iya sa ya zama ƙalubalantar da cimma adreshin yanayi da haƙuri. DacrystallizationdaInhomogenityiya tasiri wannan.
• Hakakoki a babban yanayin zafi:Kodayake tsayayye a cikin Atterpheres,Pyroytic zaneiya oxidize (amsa tare da oxygen) aTsari da yanayin zafiA cikin iska, iyakance amfanin sa a cikin wasu aikace-aikacen zazzabi ba tare da sanyaya mai kariya ba. Ya kamata a sa a ƙasa400 ° C.

10. Tushen Pyroolytic zane-zane: Aikace-aikace masu tasowa da bincike.

Bincike yana ci gaba da bincika sabbin aikace-aikacen da mai ban sha'awa donPyroytic zane. Yankunan riba sun hada da:

• Gudanar da Healthal na ci gaba:Kamar yadda na'urorin lantarki suna ci gaba da raguwa kuma suna da ƙarfi, buƙatar ma ya fi ƙarfin lalata cututtukan zafi zai fitar da ci gaba naPyroytic zane-Bayan kayan.
• Adana mai Kula:DaAikin lantarkida kuma tsarin da aka more sa shi dan takarar da yuwuwar amfani da shi a cikin baturan da suka ci gaba da supercapitors. Kayan shineChemyin ineret.
• Sensors:Ana bincika kayan aikin musamman don amfani a cikin nau'ikan na'urori masu mahimmanci.
• Injiniyan Biomedial:Karin Labarai a cikin biocomptility na iya haifar da sabbin aikace-aikace a cikin na'urorin likita da kuma implants.
  * Karatun kwayoyinMasana kimiyya suna amfani da saƙo azaman substrate a kan abin da za a yi nazarin iri-iriMolejin Aromic. Hagu yana ba dafallasa tsaftakoda bayan ya rageiska na awanni. Da substrate na iyaTorar kwayoyin suna ** kuma suna samar da jirgin sama mai yanke.
• Nanshenostruction: TheNanshenostructionan gan shi ya nunasemiconontioninghali.

Key Titaways: Mahimmancin Pyrolytic

• Pyroytic zanewani tsari ne na musamman na hoto wanda aka umurce sosai, tsarin da aka sanya shi.
• Ya nuna na musammananotropy, tare da babbarashin ƙarfidaAikin lantarkiA cikin jirgin ruwan da yadudduka da ƙananan aikata perpendicular ga jirgin.
• An samar da shi ta hanyar tururuwa masu gubaajiya (pyrolysis), tsari wanda zai ba da damar iko akan kaddarorin.
• Aikace-aikacen maɓalli sun haɗa da masu ba da labari masu zafi, cusibles, abubuwan haɗin Aerospace, kuma sun haɗu da microscopy.
• Abu ne mai mahimmanci a cikiNa'urorin lantarkida semiconductors don gudanar da zafi.
• Duk da yake mafi tsada fiye da wasu nau'ikan siffofin hoto, kaddarorinta na musamman sun gaskata amfani da su a aikace-aikacen da ake buƙata.
• Bincike mai gudana shine bincika sabbin aikace-aikace a cikin ajiya na makamashi, masu sandar hannu, da injiniyanci na biomy.
• Ka tuna bincika muHigh tsarkakakkiyar 99.9% fodadaBabban zazzabi mai ƙarfi na zane mai narkewa don narkewaShafukan samfuran.
• Yi la'akari da mu donKayan Wutabukatun.
  Graphite ya tashiπ tsarinSama daform graphene zanen gadoyana da alhakin lantarkiYin aiki da thermalkwanciyar hankali.
• Yana da mahimmanci a fahimciDelocalided π-takardar alƙawaritsakanin zanen gadodon yin yanke shawara sayan sayin.