Carbon Anodes sune jaruman da ba a sansu bagoron ruwamasana'antu. Suna da mahimmancikayan wucin gadiA cikin kuzari-melectrolysisaiwatar da wanda ya canzauminacikin mawuyacin haliƙarfeMuna amfani ko'ina. Fahimtar samammen su, aiki, da inganci ne na kowa da hannu a cikiGirma, musamman masu ƙwararrun ƙwararrun kamar Mark Thompson waɗanda ke kewayawa hadaddun ƙanshin waɗannan kayan masarufi. Wannan labarin ya cancanci cikin duniyarcarbon anodes, bincika matsayin muhimmiyarpetrooleum cokeKuma ɗaure-ciki, m naProduction Production, halayensu a lokacinAluminum electrolysis, da kuma mahimmin la'akari don tabbatar da barga,babban inganciwadata. Karanta wannan zai samar da ma'anar mahimmanci cikin IngantaAluminium shafaaiki da kuma yin sanarwar siye da aka yanke.
Menene daidai shi ne motar carbon kuma me yasa yake da mahimmanci ga samar da kayan aluminium?
A Carbon Andededa gaske babban katangar da aka yi da farko daga kayan carbonacese, galibicalcined petrooleum cokehaɗa tare dakwalban kwal. A cikin mahallin farkoGirma, rawar da ta ta gaba ce muhimmiyar. Yana aiki a matsayin rabin daya namCell (musamman, tabbatacce na lantarki koAgaje da Katasabiyu) Amfani da shi a cikin tsarin Héroult, rinjayemHanyar don samar dagoron ruwaA duk duniya. Ba tare da waɗannan kayan, daelectrolysisda ake buƙatasmelst umina(aluminum oxide) cikin tsarkakakkegwanonumkawai zai iya faruwa yadda ya kamata.
Babban aikin naCarbon Andedea lokacinAluminum electrolysisyana da ninki biyu. Da fari dai, yana gudanar da mahimmancinwutan lantarkicikinelechilyticBath (Molten Cryolitedauke da narkar daumina). Abu na biyu, kuma a zahiri, yana shiga kai tsaye a cikinna kemistridauki. Daoksijenan saki dagauminaa lokacinelectrolysisamsa tare da carbon na otode ababban zazzabi, formingcarbon dioxide da carbon monoxidegas. Wannan matakin shine dalilinCarbon Anodes suna cinyeA lokacinTsarin samarwa. Wannanamfaniyana nufin anodes buƙatar lokaci-lokacicanji, yana yin su babban farashi da kuma m abin da ke cikiAluminium shafa. Da aikinsu kai tsaye yana haifar da ƙarfin makamashi,ƙarfeTsarkakewa, da farashin samarwa gabaɗaya.
Ta yaya tsarin samar da kwalbon carbon yake gudana?
DaCarbon Andeza Productionwani yanki ne mai ƙarfi, tsarin mataki-da aka tsara don ƙirƙirar ajiyewa tare da takamaiman jiki dana kemistrikaddarorin. Yana farawa da zaɓi mai hankali da shirye-shiryenKayan kayan abinci, da farkopetrooleum cokedakwalfitch. Dapetrooleum coke, wanda ke aiki a matsayin tara, ana kiranta calcined (mai zafi zuwa babbaƙarfin zafiin babu iska) don cire kwayoyin halitta da ƙara yawanyawadaAikin lantarki. Wannancalcined petrooleum cokean murƙushe shi kuma an auna shi cikin takamaiman guntun girman girman - waɗannan suneCoke barbashi.
Waɗannan sunada waɗannan sizedCoke barbashian gauraye da ruwakwalban kwal, wanda ke aiki azamanm, riƙe dacoketare. An yi wannan hadawa a cikin ɗaukakaƙarfin zafiDon tabbatar da rami mai gudana da kuma suturar da aka dafa da barbashi yadda yakamata. A sakamakon manna ne a kafa zuwa manyan tubalan, yawanci ta hanyar vibro-compaction ko latsa. Wadannan 'kore "ba har yanzu sun zama mai rauni ba. Mataki mai mahimmanci yana yin burodi, inda ƙirar kore ke da kyau mai zafi a cikin manyan gobarrs a cikin kwanaki da yawa zuwa yanayin zafi sau da yawa wuce 1100 ° C. Wannan tafiyayyen tsari na carbonzes filin wasan kwaikwayo, ƙirƙirar ƙarfi, mCarbon AndedeBlock, kuma yana kori kowane ɗayan kayan masarufi. Wani lokacin, karaTsarin maganikamaralama(dumama har ma da yanayin zafi, ~ 2500 ° C +) don takamaiman aikace-aikacen da ake buƙata don daidaitattun kaddarorin.goron ruwa smelstzuwa da anodes idan aka kwatanta da, faɗi,alamaelectrodes don fitilar karfe.
Waɗanne ƙananan kayan abinci ne, musamman ma petrooleum coke, ana amfani da shi a cikin samarwa?
Ingancin karsheCarbon Andedeyana da alaƙa da ingancin kayan shigarwar sa. Na farkoalbarkatun kasa, yin sama da kashi 65-75% na taro na ayan, shinepetrooleum coke. Wannan shine ta hanyar aiwatar da tsarin maimaitawa. Koyaya, ba kawai wani bapetrooleum cokeza yi. Don \ dominProduction Production, low-sulfur, ƙananan-baƙin ciki-abun ciki "cokeana buƙata. Dole ne a yi amfani da ƙididdigar, ababban zazzabiaiwatar da cewa yana canza tsarinsa, ingantaAikin lantarkidayawa, waxanda suke da mahimmancimisalis don ingancielectrolysis. Da daidaito da tsarkakakkencalcined petrooleum cokewadatar ne manyan masu da hankali ga masana'antun masu kera kuma, a sakamakon haka, dongoron ruwamasu samarwa. Bambancin na iya shafan aiwatar da aikin hoto kumaamfanikudaden.
Makullin na biyukayan wucin gadishinem, yawancikwalban kwal, wanda ke haifar da kimanin 15-25% na haɗuwa. Wannan filin wasan ya samo asali ne daga distillation nakwal, mai byproduct nakwalcing a cikin masana'antar karfe. Dole ne filin wasan ya sami takamaiman kaddarorin, ciki har da ma'anar suturar da ta dace, danko, da kuma cunkoso, da cinging darajarCoke barbashiA lokacin hadawa da tsari, sannan kuma don samar da karfin carbon matrix bayan yin burodi. Wani lokaci, ana sake amfani da rubutattun kayan kwalliya (da ba a kula da shi ba) ana kuma karbe su kuma ana kara sujada. Source daidaituwa, ingancin inganciBabban Carbon Carlt(farar) dapetrooleum cokeAiki ne na yau da kullun don masana'antu kamar namu, tabbatar da karsheCarbon Andedesaduwa da bukatun aiki.
An Bayyana Kimiyya: Ta yaya aikin Anodes na Carbon ɗin Carbon ɗin Carbon a Alumomin Alumomin Baƙin?
Tsarin hall-héroult shine tushe na zamaniGirma, daCarbon Andedeyana cikin cibiyar mai ba da aiki. Tsarin yana faruwa a cikin manyan sel na lantarki ko tukwane. " Tushen kwayar ya ƙunshi wankaMolten Cryolite(Na'imalf₆), yawanci yana aiki aƙarfin zafikusan 950-970 ° C.Umina(Al₂o₃), an fitar da shi daga Bauxite ORE, an narkar da shi a cikin wannanzirawanka. DaCarbon AndedeTubalan an dakatar da su a cikin wanka daga sama, yayin da layin tantanin halitta, ya yikayan carbon(sau da yawaalamatubalan), yana aiki kamar Katolode (extlectrode mara kyau).
Lokacin da mai ƙarfiwutan lantarki(Yana da sau da yawa ɗari na dubunnan amperes) an wuce ta hanyar tantanin halitta dagaCarbon Andedega Katuri ta hanyarMolten Cryolite iyun, daTsarin lantarkifara. Da narkar dauminaRescicate cikingoron ruwadaoksijenions. Daidai an cajigoron ruwaIons yayi hijira zuwa Kature, inda suke samun wutan lantarki da ajiya kamar yadda suke zuragwanonum(Al³⁺ + 3E⁻ → AL). Lokaci guda, mara kyau cajeoksijenIons (o²⁻) yi ƙaura zuwa gaCarbon Andede. Anan, damamsawa faruwa: daoksijenyana da carbon na akwatin. Wannan martani da farko siffofincarbon dioxide (CO2), kodayake wasuCarbon MonoxideHakanan ana samar da gwargwadon yanayi. A sauƙaƙe gaba ɗaya dauki matakin da ke cikin ƙofar: 2o²⁻ + c →CO2+ 4e⁻. Wannan lamarin yana cinye daCarbon AndedeKayan abu, sannu a hankali ya rage shi zuwa cikin wanka akan lokacin aikinta, wanda yawanci makonni da yawa.
Wace rawa Coke ke wasa bayan kasancewa albarkatun kasa a cikin aluminium shafa?
Lokacin dapetrooleum cokeyana da asali na farkoalbarkatun kasaGaCarbon Andededa kansa ne, tasirin sa ya wuce kawai da kasancewa da yawaabu da aka yi amfani da shi. DairidaingancinacokeMuhimmi yaduwar kaddarorin karshe da aikin awo a cikinAluminium shafaCell. An kafa tsarin bayan clining da buraka tasirin abubuwa masu mahimmanci kamarAikin lantarki, injiniya, da lokacin hutawaoksijendaCO2. Myin aikiyana da mahimmanci don rage asarar kuzari (ƙarfin lantarki) a fadin otiden, inganta ingancin makamashi na UbangijiGirmatsari.
Bugu da ƙari, dacokeTsarin yana tasiri juriya ga duka biyunna injiKoya (karfafa, rawar jiki) dana kemistrihare-hare (iskar shaka ta iska daCO2, dauki tare dacryoliteAbubuwan haɗin). Anda aka tsara ingantaccen tsaribabban inganci cokezai yi ƙanananamfaniRates, ma'ana ƙasa kayan ɗakin da ake buƙata a cikin Tonne nagoron ruwasamar. Hakanan zai samar da kasasaurada kuma ƙura, gudummawa ga yin amfani da tukunyar tukunya da ragesaɓaniko ayyukan aiki. Saboda haka, yayin da wani lokacin ana kallon shi kamarabin wutatushe a cikin sauran masana'antu, inProduction Production, cokeAbun injiniya ne mai amfani wanda kaddarorin da aka tsara a hankali don inganta dukaAluminum electrolysistsari. Ingancinsa yana ɗaukar ƙarfin aiki da kwanciyar hankali naPrortuminum na farko.
Shin za ka iya daki-daki fasahar a bayan aluminum maraser na aluminum da kuma yawan amfani?
Ainihinhanyar sarrafadon \ dominGirmaShiga Tsarin Héroult, da aka ƙirƙira kansa a cikin 1886. Na zamanigoron ruwasmeltersamfaniManyan, kwayoyin sel na lantarki sosai suna shirya jerin ("tukwane"). Dahanyar sarrafaya ƙunshi wuce sosai kai tsayena lantarkia halin yanzu ta jerin waɗannan sel. Kowane sel yana aiki a wani ɗan wutar lantarki mai ƙarancin wutar lantarki (kusan 4-5 volts) amma yana ɗaukar babban abin da ya dace da shi (100,000). Wannan makamashi yana fitar daTsarin lantarki, rarrabuwar ƙaƙƙarfan haɗin sunadarai a cikiumina.
DaAmfani da kayan kwalliyar carbonwani bangare ne na wannanhanyar sarrafa. Kamar yadda aka yi bayani, daCarbon Andedemai jagora ne kawai; Abu ne mai amfani. Daelectrolysissakioksijendaga narkar daumina, da wannanoksijenNan da nan Aminawa da Carbon mai zafi na otode. Babban samfurin dauki shinecarbon dioxide (CO2), da gaske ƙone daCarbon Andedenesa ta amfanimmakamashi maimakon kai tsaye. Da asoretically, samar da 1 kg nagoron ruwayana buƙatar cinyewa game da 0.33 kilogiram na carbon. A aikace, saboda halayensu na hannu (kamar iska ƙone a saman fallasa da amsawa tare daCO2- Boud junaard c +CO2→ 2Co) da wasu jikisa juriyaBatutuwa, ainihin netamfaniyawanci ya fi girma, kusan 0.40 zuwa 0.45 kilogiram naCarbon AndedeA kowace kilogiram nagoron ruwasamar. Wannan ci gabaamfanina wajabta na yau da kulluncanjina Anodes, yinProduction Productionikon da wani sashi na kowane hadegoron ruwasmlerter. Manufar ci gaban fasaha ita ce rage wannan netamfaniSAURARA, inganta ingancin halin yanzu, da ƙananan makamashi amfani.
Me ke sa kayan ingancin kayan kwalliya ga aluminium shafa?
A babban inganci Carbon Andede (kayan rubutu) an ayyana shi ta hanyar takamaiman kayan aikin jiki da kuma sunadarai masu mahimmanci don ingantaccen tsariAluminium shafa. Mna lantarkijuriya shine parammount; Aiko dole ne ya gudanar da manyan abubuwa tare da karamin ƙarfin lantarki don kiyaye makamashi. Babban filiyawaHakanan yana da mahimmanci - Andeode Agaode gaba ɗaya yana nufin ƙananan mamaki, wanda ke rage yawan amsawa zuwa iska daCO2, yana haifar da ƙanananamfanikudaden da rayuwa. Minjiniyada kuma ana buƙatar juriya na ThermalMolten Cryolitewanka, da aikinƙarfin zafiHyjles ba tare da fatattaka ko wuce gona da iri ba.
Bugu da ƙari, tsabta yana da mahimmanci. Gurbata a cikinkayan rubutu, musamman abubuwa kamar sulfur, silicon, baƙin ƙarfe, vanadium, da nickel ya samo asali dagapetrooleum cokekokwalban kwal, na iya shiga cikinMolten Aluminum, da ya shafi tsarkakawarta da kaddarorin. Low maimaitawa zuwa iska daCO2A Matsayin Matsayi yana kuma kyawawa don rage rashin lantarkiamfani. Umurni ɗaya shine maɓalli - daidaitattun kaddarorin a ko'ina cikin kunnawa kuma daga wannan ote zuwa aikin da ake tsammani da kuma kyakkyawan sel. Cimma wannan daidaitobabban inganciyana buƙatar iko da ƙarfi akanalbarkatun kasaZabi, daHanyar shiri, da kowane mataki naProduction Productiontsari. Masu siyarwa kamar mu mai da hankali sosai kan waɗannan sigogi masu mahimmanci don biyan bukatun buƙatunmasana'antar aluminum. NamuBabban aiki pre gasa carbon toshemisalta wannan alƙawarin don inganci.
Menene manyan kalubale da damuwar muhalli a cikin kayan aikin carbon?
Yayin da mahimmanci, samarwa da amfani da sucarbon anodesA gabatar da manyan kalubale, musamman game da tasiri na muhalli. Babban damuwa a lokacinAluminum electrolysisshineba hakana Greenhouse Gases (GHG). Kai tsaye dauki gaCarbon Andededaoksijenyana haifar da adadi mai yawacarbon dioxide (CO2), babbangas gas. Ga kowane irin tnne nagoron ruwaan samar, kusan bayan tan 1.5CO2an samar dasu kawai daga otodeamfani. Ari ga haka, a ƙarƙashin wani yanayi na fushi da yanayin rayuwa (ƙananan alumina na), pfcs), mafi tsananin ƙarfi, ana iya kafa ƙarfin glgs. Kuzariamfanida kanta, mafi girma asali daga mai fossil man a yankuna da yawa, yana ba da gudummawa a kaikaice ga carbonsawun ƙafa.
DaProduction Productiontsari kuma yana da bangarorin muhalli. Baki Gugun zai iya fitar da manyan zubarwa idan ba a sarrafa shi da kyau ba, gami da sulfur oxides (daga sulfur a cikincoke), Ots nitrogen et, bashin jiki, da kuma volatile kwayoyin halitta daga filin wasan. Mpetrooleum cokedakwalban kwalYana buƙatar kulawa mai kulawa saboda damuwa na lafiya da ƙayyadaddun abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta polycyccarboy mai ƙanshi (PAHs) a cikin hasashen filin. Tabbatar da daidaitawaalbarkatun kasainganci, gudanarwasharar gida(kamar ciyawar potlining), da sarrafawahedsionsA cikin rayuwar rayuwa yana ci gaba da ƙalubale gagoron ruwamasana'antu. Binciken kayan da kyausa juriyakuma yana rage tasirin muhalli. Al'amurran kamar mai fashewa ko kuma gazawar da suka faru sabodalahanikoKayan aikin injinHakanan yana wakiltar ƙalubalen aiki da ke ingantawa da farashi.
Ta yaya fasaha zai iya fitarwa a cikin tsarin samar da aluminum?
Dagoron ruwaMasana'antu yana da matukar aiwatar da daban-dabanhanyar sarrafaHanya zuwamitagidatemuhallisawun ƙafa, musammanGHG hedsions. Muhimman ƙoƙari da hankali kan inganta ingancin makamashi na tsarin hall-hérult tsari kanta. Mafi kyawun tsari na sarrafawa, ƙirar tantanin halitta, da inganta gudanar da zafi na iyaMuhimmanci ragemakamashi da ake buƙata a kowace tongoron ruwa, don haka ya rage kai tsayehedsionsIdan wutar lantarki ita ce tushen burbushin halittu. Inganta ingancin ingancin (Kamar abubuwan da aka yi da su na hoto da aka yi daga takamaiman coke) kuma taka rawa, mafi kyauyin aikida ƙanananamfanikudaden bayar da gudummawa ga ci gaba gaba ɗaya. Ingantarwa Kulawa da Kulawa suna taimakawa wajen hana tasirin da aka shimfiɗa, don haka ya rage pfcba hakaabin da ya faru. ƊaukiCO2Daga cikin smes offlter kashe, kodayake ya gabatar da ƙalubale masu fasaha da tattalin arziki.
Babban burin da aka nada shine ci gaban Areert Anodehanyar sarrafa. Sabanincarbon anodeswancan nekufacedon samarwaCO2, eretofes na Igertes zai iya yin wutar lantarki dasauƙaƙesakinoksijena matsayin gas (o2) maimakon maido da kansu. Kamfanoni kamarToda(Ta hanyar Elyssis hadin gwiwa na kamfani) suna yin al'amuran a wannan yankin. Idan nasara da kasuwanci mai yiwuwa ne, Iert Anodes na iya canzawaGirma, kawar da kai tsayeCO2 hedsionsdaga sel mara amfani. Sauran binciken na binciken madadinelectrolysistafiyar matakai ko labaricarbonaceous kayanwannan na iya bayar da ƙananan tsawan ko kunna dabanna kemistrihanyoyi. Wadannan cigaban fasaha na nufinRage gabaɗayatasirin muhalli kuma tabbatar da dorewar dogon lokaci nagoron ruwasamar.Toving na iyayiwuwar za a yanke tuntuɓe tare da waɗannan fasahar nan gaba.
Me yakamata ya sayi kwararru don neman kayan kwalliyar carbon lokacin da yake da kayan kwalliyar carbon.
Don jami'an sayan kamar Mark Thompson, suna tarecarbon anodesyadda ya kamata ya ƙunshi ingancin daidaitawa, farashi, da aminci. Bayar da cewa anodes sunecinyewa yayin aikin lantarki, wani sarkar samar da sarkar ba mai sasantawa bane. Bayan farashin gasa, ya kamata a mai da hankaliIngancin inganci. Wannan yana nufin tabbatar da matakan sarrafa ingancin mai amfani, dagaalbarkatun kasadubawa (petrooleum coke, fitch) zuwa gwajin akwatin ƙarshe. Neman da Tabbatarwa (E.G., ISO 9001) da kuma cikakken bayaniabuBayanai na zanen gado yana da mahimmanci. Kada ku ɗauki takaddun shaida a ƙimar fuska; fahimci hanyoyin gwaji da sigogi.
Dogaro ya kara zuwa dabaru da sadarwa. Jinkiri a cikin jigilar kaya na iya dakatar da hanyoyin samar da kudade, yana haifar da mahimmancin kuɗi. Kimanta rikodin rikodin Bayar da kayan aiki don isar da kayan aikinsu, musamman ga jigilar kayayyakin ƙasa zuwa yankuna kamar Amurka ko Turai. A bayyane, sadarwa mai inganci tana da mahimmanci. Yin ma'amala kai tsaye tare da wakili mai ilimi daga masana'anta, kamar kaina, Allen, daga AFurroman wasan kwaikwayo na ƙwararru, na iya tattaunawa ta hanyar warware matsalolin da sauri fiye da tafiya ta hanyar masu shiga tsakani. Tallafin fasaha, koda kuwa mai siye ba injiniya bane, yana da mahimmanci. Kyakkyawan mai amfani ya kamata ya iya tattauna wasan kwaikwayo, matsalolin matsala da suka shafi samfurin su, kuma bayyana yadda nasukayan rubutukaddarorin (yawa, yin aiki, injiniya) a layi tare da bukatun aikin mai siye. Aƙarshe, tabbatar da tabbatacciyar hanya da hanyoyin biyan kuɗi mai tsaro. Gina dangantaka mai dogon lokaci tare da mai samar da mai daraja wanda ya fahimci bukatungoron ruwaMasana'antu yawanci shine mafi kyawun dabarar.
Key Titaways:
- Carbon anodessuna da mahimmanci masu haɗari a cikin babban ɗakin Héroult donGirma, aiki a matsayin masu gudanar da masu bi da masu amfani.
- Production Productionya shafi aiki a hankalipetrooleum cokedakwalban kwalm, biye da tsari da kuma babban-ƙarfin zafiyin burodi.
- IngancinKayan kayan abinci, musammancalcined petrooleum coke, tasirin kai tsaye yana aiki (aiki, zance, ƙarfi, tsabta) daamfanikudaden.
- Carbon Anodes suna cinyea lokacinelectrolysiskamar yadda carbon ya dogara daoksijendagaumina, da farko formingCO2.
- Makullin mahimman sigogi sun haɗa da lowna lantarkijuriya, babbayawa, yana da kyauinjiniya, tsayi tsarkaka, da ƙarancin tsufa.
- Babban kalubale sun hada da sarrafaCO2da sauranhedsions, makamashiamfani, kuma tabbatar da malbarkatun kasawadata.
- Hanyar sarrafaci gaba mai da hankali kan inganta inganci, ragehedsions, da haɓaka kyakkyawar wasa game da candides.
- Lokacin da ƙanana, mai da hankali kan ingancin inganci, masu samar da kayayyaki (abubuwan da suka dace), tabbatattun takardar shaida, tallafin fasaha, da ma'amaloli da ma'amaloli.
Lokacin Post: 04-07-025
